Moderate-intensity continuous training reduces triglyceridemia and improves oxygen consumption in dyslipidemic apoCIII transgenic mice

This study aimed to investigate metabolism modulation and dyslipidemia in genetic dyslipidemic mice through physical exercise. Thirty-four male C57Bl/6 mice aged 15 months were divided into non-transgenic (NTG) and transgenic overexpressing apoCIII (CIII) groups. After treadmill adaptation, the trained groups (NTG Ex and CIII Ex) underwent an effort test to determine running performance and assess oxygen consumption (V̇O2), before and after the training protocol. The exercised groups went through an 8-week moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) program, consisting of 40 min of treadmill running at 60% of the peak velocity achieved in the test, three times per week. At the end of the training, animals were euthanized, and tissue samples were collected for ex vivo analysis. ApoCIII overexpression led to hypertriglyceridemia (P<0.0001) and higher concentrations of total plasma cholesterol (P<0.05), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (P<0.01), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol (P<0.0001) in the animals. Furthermore, the transgenic mice exhibited increased adipose mass (P<0.05) and higher V̇O2peak compared to their NTG controls (P<0.0001). Following the exercise protocol, MICT decreased triglyceridemia and cholesterol levels in dyslipidemic animals (P<0.05), and reduced adipocyte size (P<0.05), increased muscular glycogen (P<0.001), and improved V̇O2 in all trained animals (P<0.0001). These findings contribute to our understanding of the effects of moderate and continuous exercise training, a feasible non-pharmacological intervention, on the metabolic profile of genetically dyslipidemic subjects.

Bridging the educational gap: a comprehensive approach to combating the surge in sexually transmitted infections / Preenchendo a lacuna educacional: uma abordagem abrangente para combater o aumento de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis

Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) pose a significant public health challenge in contemporary society, exacerbated by evolving sexual behaviors and societal shifts. Despite advancements in medical science, the prevalence of STIs continues to rise, necessitating a multifaceted approach to combat this epidemic. This opinion article examines the prospect of addressing the surge in STIs through a comprehensive strategy that encompasses educational reforms, destigmatization efforts, enhanced resource accessibility, and technological innovations. Objective: The primary objective of this article is to underscore the urgency of implementing a comprehensive approach to combat the escalating rates of STIs. By elucidating the limitations of existing educational frameworks and societal attitudes towards STIs, this article seeks to advocate for transformative measures that bridge the educational gap and foster a more informed and empowered populace capable of preventing and managing STIs effectively. Methods: This opinion piece is based on existing literature on STIs, educational strategies, and public health interventions to formulate a comprehensive approach to addressing the STI epidemic. Drawing upon empirical evidence and expert opinions, the article identifies key areas for intervention and proposes actionable recommendations for stakeholders, including policymakers, educators, healthcare providers, and community leaders. Results: The analysis underscores the pressing need for a paradigm shift in STI education and prevention efforts. Current educational modalities often fail to resonate with modern sexual behaviors and perpetuate the stigma surrounding STIs, impeding effective prevention and treatment initiatives. By adopting a comprehensive approach that integrates accurate information, destigmatization campaigns, enhanced access to resources, and innovative technologies, significant strides can be made in curbing the spread of STIs and promoting sexual health and well-being. Conclusion: In conclusion, combating the surge in STIs demands a concerted effort to bridge the educational gap and address the root causes of the epidemic. By embracing a comprehensive approach that acknowledges the complexities of modern sexuality, destigmatizes STIs, and empowers individuals with knowledge and resources, we can pave the way toward a healthier and more sexually literate society. Policymakers, healthcare professionals, educators, and community stakeholders must collaborate to enact meaningful change and mitigate the profound impact of STIs on public health and well-being. (AU)

Introdução: As infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST) representam um desafio significativo de saúde pública na sociedade contemporânea, exacerbado pela evolução dos comportamentos sexuais e pelas mudanças sociais. Apesar dos avanços na ciência médica, a prevalência de IST continua a aumentar, havendo necessidade de uma abordagem multifacetada para combater esta epidemia. Este artigo de opinião examina a perspectiva de abordar o aumento das IST por meio de uma estratégia abrangente, que engloba reformas educativas, esforços de desestigmatização, maior acessibilidade aos recursos e inovações tecnológicas. Objetivo: O objetivo principal deste artigo é sublinhar a urgência de implementar uma abordagem abrangente para combater as taxas crescentes de IST. Ao elucidar as limitações dos quadros educativos existentes e das atitudes da sociedade em relação às IST, este artigo procura defender medidas transformadoras que colmatem a lacuna educacional e promovam uma população mais informada e capacitada, capaz de prevenir e gerir eficazmente as IST. Métodos: Este artigo de opinião baseia-se na literatura existente sobre IST, estratégias educativas e intervenções de saúde pública para formular uma abordagem abrangente para enfrentar a epidemia de IST. Com base em evidências empíricas e opiniões de especialistas, o artigo identifica áreas-chave de intervenção e propõe recomendações práticas para as partes interessadas, incluindo decisores políticos, educadores, prestadores de cuidados de saúde e líderes comunitários. Resultados: A análise sublinha a necessidade premente de uma mudança de paradigma na educação e nos esforços de prevenção das IST. As atuais modalidades educativas, muitas vezes, não conseguem repercutir nos comportamentos sexuais modernos e perpetuam o estigma em torno das IST, impedindo iniciativas eficazes de prevenção e tratamento. Ao adotar uma abordagem abrangente que integre informações precisas, campanhas de desestigmatização, maior acesso aos recursos e tecnologias inovadoras, podem ser feitos avanços significativos na contenção da propagação das IST e na promoção da saúde sexual e do bem-estar. Conclusão:Em conclusão, o combate ao aumento das IST exige um esforço concertado para colmatar o fosso educativo e abordar as causas profundas da epidemia. Ao adotarmos uma abordagem abrangente que reconheça as complexidades da sexualidade moderna, desestigmatize as IST e capacite os indivíduos com conhecimentos e recursos, podemos preparar o caminho para uma sociedade mais saudável e com maior literacia sexual. Os decisores políticos, os profissionais de saúde, os educadores e as partes interessadas da comunidade devem colaborar para implementar mudanças significativas e mitigar o impacto profundo das IST na saúde pública e no bem-estar. (AU)

Lessons learned from comparing self-collected vs. physician-collected vaginal swabs for diagnosing infections in resource-limited settings: a 24-year review / Lições aprendidas com a comparação de esfregaços vaginais autocoletados e colhidos por médicos para o diagnóstico de infecções em ambientes com recursos limitados: uma revisão de 24 anos

Introduction: Reproductive health is essential for women's overall well-being, yet vaginal infections like Bacterial Vaginosis (BV), Candidiasis, and Trichomoniasis are prevalent and can lead to severe complications if left untreated. In high-income countries, healthcare systems are generally equipped to handle these infections; however, in resource-limited settings, barriers such as geographic isolation, financial constraints, and social stigmas hinder access to effective care. Self-collected vaginal swabs present a promising alternative to traditional physician-collected samples, offering potential benefits in these underserved regions. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the feasibility, diagnostic accuracy, and community acceptance of self-collected vaginal swabs compared to physician-collected samples for diagnosing bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, and trichomoniasis in resource-limited settings, and to explore strategies for the broader implementation of this approach to improve women's reproductive health. Methods: This narrative review synthesizes literature on the effectiveness, feasibility, and community acceptance of self-collected vaginal swabs compared to physician-collected samples for diagnosing BV, Candidiasis, and Trichomoniasis. A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Google Scholar, and institutional repositories for studies from January 2000 to May 2024. The review encompasses various sections, including background on the significance of timely diagnosis, initiatives empowering women through self-collection, challenges and successes of these initiatives, and strategies for quality assurance and policy advocacy. Results: Self-collected vaginal swabs were found to be as accurate as physician-collected samples in diagnosing BV, Candidiasis, and Trichomoniasis. The method enhances accessibility and reduces stigma, showing potential for broader application in community health settings. Conclusion: Self-collected vaginal swabs represent a viable solution to reproductive health challenges in resource-limited settings. They offer comparable diagnostic accuracy, enhance accessibility, and can reduce cultural barriers to seeking care. Future efforts should focus on community education, technological innovations, and policy reforms to maximize the effectiveness and sustainability of this approach in improving global women's health. (AU)

Introdução: A saúde reprodutiva é essencial para o bem-estar geral das mulheres, mas infecções vaginais, como vaginose bacteriana (VB), candidíase e tricomoníase, são prevalentes e podem levar a complicações graves, se não forem tratadas. Em países de alta renda, os sistemas de saúde geralmente estão equipados para lidar com essas infecções, no entanto, em ambientes com recursos limitados, barreiras, como isolamento geográfico, restrições financeiras e estigmas sociais, dificultam o acesso a cuidados eficazes. Os esfregaços vaginais autocoletados apresentam uma alternativa promissora às amostras tradicionais coletadas por médicos, oferecendo benefícios potenciais em regiões carentes. Objetivos: Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a viabilidade, a precisão do diagnóstico e a aceitação da comunidade de amostras vaginais coletadas pela própria mulher em comparação com amostras coletadas por médicos para o diagnóstico de vaginose bacteriana, candidíase e tricomoníase em ambientes com recursos limitados e explorar estratégias para ampliar essa abordagem a fim de melhorar a saúde reprodutiva das mulheres. Métodos: Esta revisão narrativa sintetiza a literatura sobre a eficácia, a viabilidade e a aceitação da comunidade de swabs vaginais autocoletados em comparação com amostras coletadas por médicos para o diagnóstico de VB, candidíase e tricomoníase. Uma busca sistemática foi conduzida no PubMed, Google Scholar e repositórios institucionais para estudos de janeiro de 2000 a maio de 2024. A revisão abrangeu várias seções, incluindo o histórico sobre a importância do diagnóstico oportuno, iniciativas que empoderam as mulheres por meio da autocoleta, desafios e sucessos dessas iniciativas e estratégias para garantia de qualidade e defesa de políticas. Resultados: Os esfregaços vaginais autocoletados foram tão precisos quanto as amostras coletadas pelo médico no diagnóstico de VB, candidíase e tricomoníase. O método melhora a acessibilidade e reduz o estigma, mostrando potencial para uma aplicação mais ampla em ambientes de saúde comunitários. Conclusão: Os esfregaços vaginais autocoletados representam uma solução viável para os desafios da saúde reprodutiva em cenários com recursos limitados. Eles oferecem precisão diagnóstica comparável à dos materiais obtidos por médicos, melhoram a acessibilidade e reduzem as barreiras culturais para a busca de cuidados. Os esforços futuros devem se concentrar na educação da comunidade, em inovações tecnológicas e reformas de políticas para maximizar a eficácia e a sustentabilidade dessa abordagem, visando à melhoria da saúde global das mulheres. (AU)

Effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in the treatment of Uremic Pruritus among dialytic chronic kidney disease patients: A meta-analysis

Background and Objectives@#Pruritus is a common and disabling symptom affecting as much as 50-90% of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients undergoing dialysis. The pruritus experienced by these patients is often resistant to common anti-pruritic agents and has an overall negative impact on quality of life. With its antioxidant property and anti-inflammatory effects, omega-3 fatty acids have been used to alleviate pruritus. The objective of this study is to assess the effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in reducing the severity of pruritus among dialytic CKD patients. @*Methods@#Various electronic databases were searched from inception to August 2022. Randomized controlled trials comparing the effect of omega-3 fatty acids versus placebo on the pruritus scores were included. The studies were independently assessed by three reviewers. Revman version 5.4 was used to analyze the data extracted from the studies while heterogeneity was evaluated using Chi2 and I2.@*Results@#A total of four studies with a population of 166 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The results show an overall beneficial effect of omega-3 fatty acids with a standardized mean difference of -1.40 (CI -1.74 to -1.05, Z=7.95, p value <0.00001). With a Chi2 of 2.91 (p=0.41) and I2 of 0%, there was no significant heterogeneity observed in the pooled analysis.@*Conclusion@#Overall, the results of the meta-analysis support the finding that omega-3 fatty acid supplementation may have a beneficial effect on reducing the severity of pruritus among CKD patients on dialysis.

Motivating and hindering factors affecting muslim mothers' Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) practices in select municipalities of Maguindanao, BARMM, Philippines

Objectives@#This study aimed to determine the motivating and hindering factors affecting the Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) practices of Muslim mothers in select municipalities of Maguindanao.@*Methods@#A pretested questionnaire was administered through face-to-face interviews conducted among 320 randomly selected Muslim mothers with a child aged 6-23 months.@*Results @#Results revealed that prelacteal feeding was practiced by 16.6% of the Muslim mothers, giving mostly plain water. Solid/semi-solid foods were introduced at a mean age of 6.1 ± 1.4 months, with home-cooked lugao (porridge) (55.0%) and commercial baby food (31.3%) as the top foods introduced. The majority of Muslim mothers (82.5%) fed processed foods as complementary food to their children, including instant noodles (85.2%) and canned goods (51.5%).@*Conclusion@#The results revealed suboptimal practices in prelacteal feeding and the reliance on processed foods among Muslim mothers, with economic factors, availability, and convenience as motivating factors in complementary feeding practices. Challenges such as household duties, low milk output, and financial constraints hinder breastfeeding and nutritious food provision for infants and young children. The study reinforced the necessity for holistic strategies in IYCF promotion among Muslim mothers.

Aplicación de la crioterapia en endodoncia: su importancia en el control del dolor

Introducción: La endodoncia es la disciplina odontológica que estudia la morfología, fisiología y patología de la pulpa dentaria y del tejido perirradicular. Comprende la etiología, prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento de las alteraciones pulpares, así como sus repercusiones en la región periapical y el resto del organismo. Su finalidad es aliviar el dolor y preservar las piezas dentales en función dentro del sistema estomatognático. El dolor que se origina en piezas dentarias o tejidos circundantes es uno de los principales motivos de consulta odontológica. Objetivo general: explicar el uso de la crioterapia en endodoncia. Objetivos específicos: analizar su mecanismo fisiológico de acción; la eficacia en la reducción del dolor en las terapias endodónticas con diferentes diagnósticos iniciales; describir sus formas de aplicación clínica; establecer las contraindicaciones o los posibles inconvenientes que pueda presentar su aplicación. Metodología: El trabajo es una revisión narrativa. Se realizó la búsqueda bibliográfica con los siguientes términos MeSH (Medical Subject Heading): cryotherapy, endodontic, intracanal irrigation, dental pain y sus correspondientes descriptores en ciencias de la salud DeCS: crioterapia, endodoncia, irrigación intracanal y dolor dental. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: artículos disponibles a texto completo que contengan al menos una palabra clave en título y/o resumen, en idioma inglés, español o portugués, sin límite temporal. Se excluyeron los artículos con estudios en animales o en piezas dentarias deciduas. Conclusiones: De acuerdo al presente trabajo existen estudios científicos que sostienen positivamente la aplicación de la crioterapia para el control del dolor en endodoncia.

Introdução: Endodontia é a disciplina odontológica que trata da morfologia, fisiologia e patologia da polpa dentária e do tecido perirradicular. Inclui a etiologia, prevenção, diagnóstica e tratamento das desordens pulpares, bem como suas repercussões na região periapical e no restante do organismo. O objetivo é aliviar a dor e preservar os dentes em função. A dor originada nos dentes ou tecidos circundantes é um dos principais motivos de consulta odontológica. Objetivo geral: explicar a aplicação da crioterapia na endodontia. Objetivos específicos: analisar seu mecanismo fisiológico de ação; a eficácia na redução da dor em terapias endodônticas com diferentes diagnósticos iniciais; descrever suas formas de aplicação clínica; estabelecer as contraindicações ou possíveis inconvenientes que a sua aplicação possa apresentar. Metodologia: O trabalho é uma revisão narrativa. A busca bibliográfica foi realizada com os seguintes termos MeSH (Medical Subject Heading): crioterapia, endodontia, irrigação intracanal, dor dentária e seus correspondentes descritores no DeCS ciências da saúde: crioterapia, endodontia, irrigação intracanal e dor dentária. Os critérios de inclusão foram: artigos disponíveis em texto completo que contenham pelo menos uma palavra-chave no título e/ou resumo, nos idiomas inglês, espanhol ou português, sem limite de tempo. Foram excluídos artigos com estudos em animais ou em dentes decíduos. Conclusões: De acordo com o presente trabalho, existem estudos científicos que apoiam positivamente a aplicação da crioterapia para controle da dor em endodontia.

Introduction: Endodontics is the dental discipline that deals with the morphology, physiology and pathology of the dental pulp and periradicular tissue. It includes the etiology, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of pulp disorders, as well as its repercussions in the periapical region and the rest of the organism. The purpose is to relieve pain and preserve the teeth in function. Pain originating from teeth or surrounding tissues is one of the main reasons for dental consultation. General objective: explain the implementation of cryotherapy in endodontics. Specific objectives: to analyze its physiological mechanism of action; the efficacy in reducing pain in endodontic therapies with different initial diagnoses; describe its forms of clinical application; establish the contraindications or possible inconveniences that its application may present. Methodology: The work is a narrative review. The bibliographic search was carried out with the following MeSH (Medical Subject Heading) terms: cryotherapy, endodontic, intracanal irrigation, dental pain and their corresponding descriptors in DeCS health sciences: cryotherapy, endodontics, intracanal irrigation and dental pain. The inclusion criteria were: articles available in full text that contain at least one keyword in the title and/or abstract, in English, Spanish or Portuguese, with no time limit. Articles with studies in animals or in deciduous teeth were excluded. Conclusions: According to the present work, there are scientific studies that positively support the application of cryotherapy for pain control in endodontics.

Boletim epidemiológico: perfil epidemiológico dos casos de leptospirose que ocorreram entre 2019 e 2023 em um hospital de referência em infectologia no Estado de Goiás / Epidemiological bulletin: epidemiological profile of leptospirosis cases that occurred between 2019 and 2023 in an infectious diseases hospital in the State of Goiás

A leptospirose é uma doença infecciosa febril de início abrupto, com espectro clínico variando desde casos leves até formas graves. Causada por bactéria do gênero leptospira e da classe espiroquetas, com mais de 14 espécies patogênicas, sendo a mais importante a espécie Leptospira interrogans. Está presente em áreas urbanas e rurais e de proliferação relacionada a fatores ambientais que atingem pessoas e animais. Esse boletim tem como objetivo descrever a epidemiologia dos casos de leptospirose notificados em um hospital referência em infectologia no Estado de Goiás. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, observacional e descritivo de caráter retrospectivo, com abordagem quantitativa. Foram avaliados os casos notificados de leptospirose em pacientes de todas as faixas etárias que foram notificados no Hospital Estadual de Doenças Tropicais

Leptospirosis is a febrile infectious disease with an abrupt onset, with a clinical spectrum ranging from mild cases to severe forms. Caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira and the spirochete class, with more than 14 pathogenic species, the most important being the Leptospira interrogans species. It is present in urban and rural areas and has a proliferation related to environmental factors that affect people and animals. This bulletin aims to describe the epidemiology of leptospirosis cases reported in a reference hospital for infectious diseases in the State of Goiás. It is an epidemiological, observational and descriptive study of a retrospective nature, with a quantitative approach. Reported cases of leptospirosis in patients of all age groups who were reported at the State Hospital for Tropical Diseases were evaluated

Infantile (congenital) anaplastic intracranial solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma—A case report with brief literature review

Solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma (SFT/HPC) is a rare primary central nervous system (CNS) tumor, included in the World Health Organization (WHO) 2016 classification. Very few cases have been described in the literature so far, especially the infantile type. It is a mesenchymal tumor of the fibroblastic type, characterized by the fusion of NAB 2 and STAT 6 genes. A 10-month-old boy presented to our neurosurgery department with complaints of increasing head circumference since 1 month of age. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a space-occupying lesion measuring 8.2 cm × 7 cm × 6.9 cm in the fronto-temporo-parietal region with a clinical diagnosis of glioma/atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT). The microscopy revealed a spindle cell tumor arranged in a patternless pattern with variable cellularity, increased mitosis, and areas of coagulative necrosis. The immunohistochemistry showed vimentin, CD 34, STAT6, CD99 positivity whereas Glial fibrillary acidic protein, Epithelial membrane antigen, and S-100 negativity. Hence, a diagnosis of anaplastic SFT/HPC (grade-III) was rendered. The patient improved after gross total resection (GTR). The primary intracranial congenital SFT/HPC are extremely rare, often a clinico-radiologically misdiagnosed entity. Thus, the immunohistochemistry/molecular study in addition to histology is mandatory for accurate diagnosis.

RANKING THE ACCEPTABILITY OF READY TO USE FOOD (RTU): A STUDY OF INDIAN BRANDED QSR OUTLETS

Consumers of Indian fast food chains today's care not only about the quality and flavor of their meals, but also about how quickly they can get their orders at table. Managers at these Indian-branded quick-service outlets have been training their staffs and improving other aspects of operations in order to keep up with the rising demand. The purpose of this study is to make an effort to analyse the acceptance of convenience food among managers and chefs working in Indian branded quick service restaurants (QSR) and to rank the perceptions that affect these individuals to employ convenience food in day-to-day operations. The present study was conducted in various Indian branded QSR outlets in North India. The results reveal that Majority Indian Branded QSR Outlets operators warmly accept the usage of RTU food in their respective outlets. Convenience food plays an important role in overall performance of these outlets especially in context to quality and service time.

ROLE OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT CENTRE (ASC) ON PROFESSIONAL GROWTH OF TEACHERS-A STUDY

The present study was conducted to see the impact of Human Resource Development Centre programmes on professional growth of Assistant Professors. The sample comprised of 58 teachers who have attended the orientation programme in 2010. Being a qualitative data, only percentage (%) from the collected data, based on 5-point scale developed by the investigator himself, was calculated. The findings clearly indicated a high level of satisfaction towards the performance of Human Resource Development Centre in imparting knowledge. There was a positive response from the participants regarding brushing up of their teaching skills and inclination towards learning. Undoubtedly the programme was found to be helpful in promoting professional growth of teachers, yet some suggestions were made to make the courses more meaningful.

ACADEMIC PROCRASTINATION AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: A SIGNIFICANT ISSUE FOR CONSIDERATION

In our daily lives, we have to perform multiple tasks in different areas. This leads people to two paths: carrying out the task as soon as possible or postponing it; the latter being part of the tendency to delay the start or completion of a task. This act also known as procrastination. procrastination is the characteristic or behavioural propensity to put off or delay completing a task or making decisions. Procrastination behavior is very common and a serious problem in the era we live in. Academic procrastination appears to be common in academic environments as students frequently put off their obligations without good reason and submit their work right up until the deadline. All levels of kids are impacted, and it may lead to major problems including declining grades and decreased wellbeing. The notion of academic procrastination, reasons why it occurs, negative effects of academic procrastination and several methods for dealing with it are all discussed in this article. It is suggested that some programs should be devised and executed to teach task-oriented coping strategies to students. For this one should reflect on the reasons why you procrastinate, your habits and thoughts that lead to procrastinating

PERCEIVED DAILY HASSLES, PROACTIVE VS REACTIVE COPING, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPITAL OF MARRIED AND UNMARRIED NURSES IN PRIVATE HOSPITALS AT KOLKATA.

The present investigation was conducted with a view to assessing differences among married and unmarried nurses on Perceived Daily hassles, Proactive vs. Reactive coping and Psychological Capital in Private hospitals at kolkata and to see the interrelationships among these variables. Data was collected from 60 married and 60 unmarried nurses of private hospitals at Kolkata. Questionnaire and Scale on Daily Hassles, Proactive and Reactive coping and Psychological Capital were administered seperately. For both unmarried and married nurses the correlation between PSYCAP and Daily Hassles found to be highly significant. Correlation between PSYCAP and Proactive coping also found to be highly significant for both married and unmarried nurses. PSYCAP and Reactive coping found to be highly significant only for unmarried nurses. This study may give us an idea about stress and coping strategies of nurses of private hospitals.Objective of the study is to identify if PSYCAP's can be assessed and developed more(which can be done at literature indicates) and if the outlook of this patriarchal society can be changed somehow perhaps together these two will mean a lot of positive things for (un)married women to control and master stressful situations in daily life to their advantage.

BARRIERS TO IMPLEMENTING SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEMS IN BUILDINGS: THE COMPANY PERSPECTIVE WITH REFERENCE IN TIRUNELVELI DISTRICT

Fossil fuels, such as coal and natural gas are typically used to generate electricity. Fossil fuels are non-renewable resources and harmful to the environment as they release greenhouse gases when burned. With the increased demand of cleaner sources for electricity generation, renewable sources need to be adopted. In India, Tirunelveli District, solar energy has been used in numerous industrial buildings as a source of electricity generation since the country benefits from high solar radiation throughout the year. However, solar energy is still not used in residential buildings despite a wide interest from the sector. This paper identified and assessed the barriers to implementing solar energy in residential buildings from the perspective of homeowners in India, Tirunelveli District. Based on a literature search followed by a ranking and factor analysis of data from a questionnaire survey, key barriers were identified. Ninety-one responses from residents in India, Tirunelveli District were obtained. The questionnaire results showed that the main barriers to adopting solar systems are financial limitations followed by limited solar suppliers in the region and lack of awareness of government incentives. The results of this study could be used to help suppliers and industrial stakeholders in understanding the major barriers and the government to put forward policies to promote solar systems for electricity generation in residential buildings.

DIGITAL GAMING ADDICTION AMONG ADOLESCENTS STUDENTS OF ST. COLUMBA'S COLLEGE, HAZARIBAGH.

Digital gaming addiction has become a growing concern among adolescents, with potential gender differences in prevalence, risk factors, and consequences. The aims of the study to provide an outcome of existing tools on digital gaming addiction among adolescents, focusing specifically on gender differences. By examining key tools, the study explores the prevalence of gaming addiction among male and female adolescents, gender-related risk factors, and the differential impact of gaming addiction on various domains of well-being. The findings highlight the importance of considering gender-specific factors in understanding and addressing digital gaming addiction among adolescents.

TENSE MARKERS IN 6-8 YEARS OLD TYPICAL CHILDREN SPEAKING HINDI

Language acquisition entails the acquisition of several crucial linguistic components like phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics. Individual elements merge seamlessly with each other giving birth to insightful communication whenever needed. Among these varied but fundamental aspects necessary for any competent communicator, is adding on the vital aspect of tense marking appropriately into conversations or text rendering accurately when an event occurred or will occur. We must appreciate this pivotal role played by acquiring fiuency in using verb tenses by young children seeking effective communication alongside understanding its importance a bit more in the language development process. The study attempts to investigate the acquisition of tense markers in typical children speaking Hindi with the goal of assessing data from children in the age range of 6-8 years. Results suggested that tense markers increased with age. Almost half of the tense markers were not fully acquired by the age of 8 years. The research also analysed various studies that uphold the findings.

ASSESSMENT OF DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY AMONG CAREGIVERS OF PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS.

Background- Patients with psychiatric illnesses require support from family, peers, and care-givers to overcome the difficulties and manage their health. Caregivers are hence at a risk themselves to develop anxiety and depression, or related symptoms, due to the emotionally challenging and draining experience. Aim – To evaluate and assess anxiety and depression of caregivers to the patients admitted to the Psychiatry department of a tertiary care centre located in Rajasthan. Materials and Methods- Our assessment relied on data collection that followed cross-sectional observational analysis. We performed the study post approval of the ethical clearance by the respective committee at the university and an informed decision was consented to in written by 50 caregivers taking part in the study. These included caregivers to 25 patients with disorders due to substance use (Group A) and 25 patients with other psychiatric diagnosis (Group B). We also filled in socio-demographic details and performed scoring as administered by the HAM-D and HAM-A scales. ResultsGroup A comprised of more females (64%) than males in contrast to Group B participants. HAM-D score analysis showed that depression was present in Group A (52%) as compared to Group B participants (40%). HAM-A analysis of score showed anxiety in 34% of caregivers and was higher among Group A participants and among female caregivers. Conclusions- The results of the study can be used to plan for early interventions, to reduce stress among caregivers of patients with psychiatric illness

CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY IN TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER

Background and Objectives: - Carcinoma Breast is most common malignancy in females in USA and second among cases deaths in females (after lung cancer). There is considerable geographic , ethnic and racial variability in Breast cancer in evidence with about 5 fold variation throughout the world. Triple negative breast cancer is a heterogonous disease diagnosed by Immune Histo Chemistry (IHC).Triple Negative Breast cancer is characterized by tumor that do not express ER or PR and HER2neu . Proto typical Triple Negative Brest cancer is aggressive in nature and associate with poor prognosis. The Objectives of this study is to analyse the clinical and Pathological features of Triple Negative Breast Cancer and compare the result with similar studies in literature. Fifty Methods:- cases Triple negative Breast Cancer were included in this study. Clinical and pathological features and treatment were noted. Incidence Result:- of Triple Negative Breast Cancer was 35%. The median age of presentation was 45yrs. There were 4% males Triple negative Breast cancer cases out of female patients, most of patients were Pre (or) Perimenopausal(65%). 4% patients had family history of malignantly. Most common stage of presentation was stage III (46%). In Stage IV, Lung and bone metastasis was common. Ten Patients received Neoadjuvant chemo therapy (NACJ) and disease progressed in 4% while on Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, Even though 45 patients had surgery only 34 were eligible to received Adjuvant Radiotherapy. Total of 18% Patients had either progressive disease while on treatment (8%) (or) recurrence 10%. Eighteen percent patients died due to the disease. 33% patients on follow up. There were more Invasive Duct Cell carcinoma (IDCC) cases with medullary differentiations (or) Purse medullary Carcinomas (12%). No deaths Occur in the medullary variants TNBC. Majority of the tumor were high grade margins were negative in most of the cases. Incidence of Tri Inclusion:- ple negative breast cases was higher than western literature but comparable to Indian Studies. The age of Presentation was about 10 years younger than western data. Triple Negative Breast cancer was more common in young, pre (or) perimenopausal women. Small number of patients had family history, majority were state II (or) III. There was high number of progressive disease, recurrence and death while on the study (or) within less than 1 yr of treatment. Triple Negative Breast cancer is very aggressive disease with relatively better prognosis in the medullary variant Triple Negative Breast Cancer.

IDENTIFICATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF ENTEROBACTER SPECIES BY VITEK-2 SYSTEM ISOLATED FROM VARIOUS CLINICAL SPECIMEN IN GOVT MEDICAL COLLEGE KOTA (RAJASTHAN)

Background: Enterobacter were proposed as a genus in 1960 by Hormaeche and Edwards based on the division of the former genus Aerobacter into motile, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC)–positive strains (Enterobacter) and nonmotile ODC-negative strains (Klebsiella). The Vitek-2 system is the second generation of Vitek and offers a more sophisticated model of data analysis as well as a fully automated process for card identification, organism suspension dilution and card filling. To study Aim and Objectives: identification and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Enterobacter species by Vitek-2 system isolated from various clinical samples. Material and Methods: A total of 100 Enterobacter species obtained from various clinical samples like urine, pus, sputum, endotracheal aspirate and body fiuids (pleural, ascitic, peritoneal and CSF) etc. of patients received at Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College & Associated Group of Hospitals, Kota during a period of approximately 1 year from May 2021 to May 2022 were taken for the identification and Antibiotic sensitivity testing by Vitek-2 system. Out of 100 Enterobacter isolates, 69% w Result: ere E.cloacae and 31% were E.aerogenes. Antimicrobial susceptibility results of Enterobacter species revealed the susceptibility of 56.41% for Nitrofurantoin, 69% for Piperacillin/ Tazobactam and 72% for Cefoperazone/ salbactam. Enterobacter seems to be emerged with increasi Conclusion: ng resistance to multiple antibiotics.

EVALUATION OF FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME OF DUAL MOBILITY CUPS IN TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY IN ARTHRITIS HIP AND FEMORAL NECK FRACTURES

Background- Osteoarthritis hip and femoral neck fractures in old age can be treated by total hip arthroplasty using dual mobility cup designs. The posterior approach (Kocher-Langenbeck) was used earlier however, lateral (Harding) and anterior approach (Smith-Petersen) are more often used. Evaluation of functional outcomes of total h Aim- ip arthroplasty using dual mobility cups in patients with osteoarthritis hip and femur neck fractures in terms of time of surgery, re-operation rate and mortality in 1 year, length of hospital stay and post-operative complications, using Harris Hip Score (HHS). Study Design- Hospital based prospective cohort study. Material and Methods- 40 cases were include in the study of which, 20 cases are of osteoarthritis hip and 20 cases are of femur neck fracture managed by dual mobility total hip arthroplasty. Clinical and functional outcome was graded using HHS. Anatomical reduction was assessed at 8 weeks, 3months, 6 months and 9 months. The mean HHS at 8 weeks, 3months, 6 months and 9 mont Result- hs in osteoarthritis hip was 56.40, 69.80, 80.90 and 91.50 and in femur neck fractures was 51.10, 63.50, 74.60 and 84.50, achieved. Better result was found in osteoarthritis hip. Conclusion- We concluded that using dual mobility total hip arthroplasty in osteoarthritis hip is far better than femur neck fractures due to better clinical and functional outcome, better anatomical reduction.