In Situ Labeling of Erythrocyte Membrane Anion Channel Proteins with Gold Nanoparticles Observed by Cryo-Scanning Electron Microscopy / 分析化学

Band 3 protein is an important channel protein in the erythrocyte membrane which mediates the anion transport process inside and outside the cell membrane,as well as contributes to the maintenance of erythrocyte morphology,and has important physiological functions.However,the distribution state of this protein in the primary cell membrane is not known.Cryo-scanning electron microscopy enables imaging of the surface morphology of biological samples in a near-physiological state.In order to investigate the distribution of band 3 protein on erythrocyte membranes under physiological conditions,the present study utilized 5-nm gold nanoparticles modified with the antibodies to specifically bind to the band 3 protein on human blood erythrocyte membranes and imaged them by cryo-scanning electron microscopy,to obtain distribution of band 3 protein on human blood erythrocyte membranes.The results showed that the membrane proteins on the erythrocyte membranes tended to be clustered and distributed to form ″protein islands″,and band 3 proteins were mainly distributed in these protein islands,which were tightly connected with each other to form several functional microregions to play their respective roles.

Systematic characterization and identification of the chemical constituents of the Schisandra chinensis decoction based on a hybrid scanning technique of UHPLC/IM-QTOF-MS / 药学学报

italic>Schisandra chinensis is a traditional Chinese medicine with the functions of reinforcing deficiency, strengthening, and inducing astringency, appliable to treat the chronic cough and deficiency in breath, palpitation, and insomnia, etc. A hybrid mass spectrometry scanning strategy (high-definition data-independent/data-dependent acquisition, HDDIDDA), enabling the ion mobility separation and alternating data-independent acquisition/data-dependent acquisition, was established, which, in combination with in-house library-driven automatic peak annotation workflows facilitated by the UNIFI software, was utilized to systematically characterize the multi-classes of chemical components from S. chinensis. The use of an HSS T3 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm), 0.1% formic acid in H2O-acetonitrile as the mobile phase running at the flow rate of 0.3 mL·min-1, and column temperature at 35 ℃, could enable good separation of the S. chinensis components within 42 min. HDDIDDA scan in both the positive and negative ion modes was employed for data acquisition. Based on the automatic peak annotation, reference standards comparison, MS2 data interpretation, and literature analysis, we were able to identify or tentatively characterize 105 compounds in the S. chinensis decoction, involving 56 terpenoids, 42 lignans, five glycosides, one organic acid, and one flavonoid. HDDIDDA scanning can improve the coverage of data acquisition and improve the accuracy of identification, while CCS prediction analysis provides the possibility to distinguish isomers by the ion mobility technology. The results provide reference for the intelligent material basis research of TCM.

Efficacy and safety of recombinant human anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody injection(F61 injection)in the treatment of patients with COVID-19 combined with renal damage:a randomized controlled exploratory clinical study / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of recombinant human anti-severe acute respiratory syn-drome coronavirus 2(anti-SARS-CoV-2)monoclonal antibody injection(F61 injection)in the treatment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)combined with renal damage.Methods Patients with COVID-19 and renal damage who visited the PLA General Hospital from January to February 2023 were selected.Subjects were randomly divided into two groups.Control group was treated with conventional anti-COVID-19 therapy,while trial group was treated with conventional anti-COVID-19 therapy combined with F61 injection.A 15-day follow-up was conducted after drug administration.Clinical symptoms,laboratory tests,electrocardiogram,and chest CT of pa-tients were performed to analyze the efficacy and safety of F61 injection.Results Twelve subjects(7 in trial group and 5 in control group)were included in study.Neither group had any clinical progression or death cases.The ave-rage time for negative conversion of nucleic acid of SARS-CoV-2 in control group and trial group were 3.2 days and 1.57 days(P=0.046),respectively.The scores of COVID-19 related target symptom in the trial group on the 3rd and 5th day after medication were both lower than those of the control group(both P＜0.05).According to the clinical staging and World Health Organization 10-point graded disease progression scale,both groups of subjects improved but didn't show statistical differences(P＞0.05).For safety,trial group didn't present any infusion-re-lated adverse event.Subjects in both groups demonstrated varying degrees of elevated blood glucose,elevated urine glucose,elevated urobilinogen,positive urine casts,and cardiac arrhythmia,but the differences were not statistica-lly significant(all P＞0.05).Conclusion F61 injection has initially demonstrated safety and clinical benefit in trea-ting patients with COVID-19 combined with renal damage.As the domestically produced drug,it has good clinical accessibility and may provide more options for clinical practice.

Efficacy of two-staged laparoscopic Fowler-Stephens surgery through the Hay's triangle approach for the treat-ment of high cryptorchidism in children / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To analyze the efficacy of two-staged laparoscopic Fowler-Stephens surgery through the Hay's triangle approach for the treatment of high cryptorchidism in children.Methods The clinical data of 116 children with high cryptorchidism in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed,among which 43 children who underwent laparoscopic testicular extraction and fixation through the Hay's triangle approach were selected as the control group,and 73 children who underwent two-staged laparoscopic Fowler-Stephens surgery through the Hay's triangle approach were selected as the study group.The changes of sex hormone levels and testicular function before and after surgery were compared between the two groups.All patients were followed up for 6 months,and the testicular volume was reviewed and the occurrences of complications were recorded.Results There was no significant difference in the testicular volume before and after surgery between the two groups(P>0.05),and there was no significant difference in the total incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups(P>0.05).After surgery,the levels of serum follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),estradiol(E2)and luteinizing hormone(LH)in the two groups were significantly lower than those before surgery(P<0.05),and the levels of serum testosterone(T),anti-Mullerian hormone(AMH),inhibin B(INHB)and INHB/FSH were significantly higher than those before surgery(P<0.05).However,there was no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion The two-staged Fowler-Stephens surgery is effective in the treatment of high-risk cryptorchidism.It can establish a good collateral circulation by disconnection of spermatic cord vessels and gubernaculum testis,and the testis can be lowered to a satisfactory position in the scrotum.

Expert consensus on recombinant B subunit/inactivated whole-cell cholera vaccine in preventing infectious diarrhea of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli / 中华临床感染病杂志

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli（ETEC）infection can induce watery diarrhea，leading to dehydration，electrolyte disturbance，and even death in severe cases. Recombinant B subunit/inactivated whole-cell cholera（rBS/WC）vaccine is effective in preventing ETEC infectious diarrhea. On the basis of the latest evidence on etiology and epidemiology of ETEC，as well as the effectiveness，safety，and health economics of rBS/WC vaccine，National Clinical Research Center for Child Health（The Children’s Hospital，Zhejiang University School of Medicine）and Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention invited experts to develop expert consensus on rBS/WC vaccine in prevention of ETEC infectious diarrhea. It aims to provide the clinicians and vaccination professionals with guidelines on using rBS/WC vaccine to reduce the incidence of ETEC infectious diarrhea.

Correlation between biomarker EHD3 and immune cell infiltration in gastric cancer / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To investigate the prognostic role of EHD3 and its association with immune cell infiltration in gastric cancer. 【Methods】 In this study, EHD3 expression was analyzed using RNA sequencing data from Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Differential analysis, functional enrichment, immune infiltration, immune checkpoint exploration, and clinical baseline data analysis were performed. Independent prognostic factors were identified using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis; a column diagram model was developed and evaluated using C-index and calibration diagrams. 【Results】 EHD3 was significantly upregulated in STAD and functional enrichment analysis showed that EHD3 expression was associated with immune response, with most immune cells and immune checkpoints positively correlated with their expression. Cox regression showed that EHD3 was an independent prognostic factor in STAD patients (HR=2.112, 95% CI: 1.340-3.327, P=0.001). 【Conclusion】 EHD3 is considered to be a novel prognostic biomarker for STAD patients, and this study provides a potential therapeutic target for STAD treatment.

Composite Sophora Colon-Soluble Capsule Ameliorates DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice via Gut Microbiota-Derived Butyric Acid and NCR+ ILC3 / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of composite Sophora colon-soluble Capsule (CSCC) on gut microbiota-mediated short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production and downstream group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) mice model.@*METHODS@#The main components of CSCC were analyzed by hybrid ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography ion mobility spectromety quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-IM-QTOF/MS). Twenty-four male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=6) by using a computer algorithm-generated random digital, including control, DSS model, mesalazine, and CSCC groups. A DSS-induced colitis mice model was established to determine the effects of CSCC by recording colonic weight, colonic length, index of colonic weight, and histological colonic score. The variations in ILC3s were assessed by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. The results of gut microbiota and SCFAs were acquired by 16s rDNA and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The expression levels of NCR+ ILC3-, CCR6+ Nkp46- (Lti) ILC3-, and ILCreg-specific markers were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, respectively.@*RESULTS@#The main components of CSCC were matrine, ammothamnine, Sophora flavescens neoalcohol J, and Sophora oxytol U. After 7 days of treatment, CSCC significantly alleviated colitis by promoting the reproduction of intestinal probiotics manifested as upregulation of the abundance of Bacteroidetes species and specifically the Bacteroidales_S24-7 genus (P<0.05). Among the SCFAs, the content of butyric acid increased the most after CSCC treatment. Meanwhile, compared with the model group, Lti ILC3s and its biomarkers were significantly downregulated and NCR+ ILC3s were significantly elevated in the CSCC group (P<0.01). Further experiments revealed that ILC3s were differentiated from Lti ILC3s to NCR+ ILC3s, resulting in interleukin-22 production which regulates gut epithelial barrier function.@*CONCLUSION@#CSCC may exert a therapeutic effect on UC by improving the gut microbiota, promoting metabolite butyric acid production, and managing the ratio between NCR+ ILC3s and Lti ILC3s.

Validation of compound C19 as a glutaminase C inhibitor / 药学学报

The mitochondrial enzyme glutaminase C (GAC) is highly expressed in a variety of cancer cells, resulting in increased glutamine metabolism and cancer development. Therefore, GAC has become a potential target for anti-tumor drug development. However, current GAC inhibitors shared similar structural characteristics, few new scaffolds were reported. By conducting a prokaryotic Escherichia coli expression system, human GAC protein of high-purity was obtained through lysozyme digestion combined with ultrasound dissociation, and cobalt magnetic beads purification, Moreover, we performed studies to validate interaction between small molecules and GAC protein through thermal shift assay, drug affinity responsive target stability assay, protein crosslinking and GAC enzyme activity detection. Meanwhile, a comprehensive small molecule-protein interaction confirmation and systematic pharmacodynamic study in vitro were carried out on compound C19, which was a reported GAC inhibitor screened from the Enamine database. Results showed that C19 directly bind to GAC protein, disturbed GAC tetramers formation, and inhibited its enzyme catalytic activity. By interfering GAC function, C19 dose-dependently suppressed GAC-mediated glutamine metabolism, reduced glutamate in cancer cells, and thus alleviated A549 and NCI-H1299 non-small cell lung cancer cell growth. Together, C19 was identified as a lead compound, providing a new strategy for the structural design of drugs targeting GAC.

A multicenter prospective randomized controlled study on the timing of laparoscopic cholecystectomy after percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage for grade Ⅱ-Ⅲ acute cholecystitis / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective:To study the optimal timing of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) after percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) for grade Ⅱ-Ⅲ acute cholecystitis.Methods:A multicenter, single blind and randomized controlled study was conducted at Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, and Shanghai Minhang District Central Hospital from October 2018 to September 2021. Patients who underwent LC after PTGBD were divided 1∶1 into the early group and the late group. LC was performed 4-6 weeks after PTGBD in the early group and 7-8 weeks after PTGBD in the late group. Gender, age, AC grade, complications after PTGBD, body mass index, complications before LC, operation time of LC, intraoperative bleeding, total treatment cost, conversion rate to open surgery and complications after LC were compared between the two groups. The 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) before and after LC was also compared.Results:Of 248 patients who were eligible for the study, there were 52 males and 196 females, with ages ranging from 18 to 89 years, and mean ±s.d. of (52.5 ± 20.2) years. There were 126 patients in the early group and 122 patients in the late group. There were no significant differences in gender, age, AC grade, body mass index and complications before LC between the two groups (all P>0.05). The preoperative score of SF-36 in the early group was significantly better than that in late group, and the complications of PTGBD in the late group were significantly higher than the early group (both P<0.05). The operation time and total treatment cost of the early group were significantly less than those of the late group (37.2±12.8 min vs. 48.5±19.7 min, 20 856±2 136 yuan vs. 2 2207±2 049 yuan) (both P<0.05). The intraoperative bleeding volume of LC in the early group was [ M( Q1, Q3)] 40 (40, 60) ml and the late group was [ M( Q1, Q3)] 35 (25, 40) ml. The difference was also significant ( P<0.05). There was no significant differences in the conversion rates to open surgery, complications and SF-36 scores after LC between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion:LC should be performed 4-6 weeks after PTGBD for grade Ⅱ-Ⅲ acute cholecystitis. Although the amount of intraoperative bleeding was higher, the operation time was shorter, the burden on patients was reduced and there was more rapid recovery.

Clinical value of routine contrast esophagram in the diagnosis of anastomotic leakage for three-incision esophagectomy with cervical anastomosis / 中华外科杂志

Objective: To examine the clinical value of routine contrast esophagram (RCE) for the diagnosis of anastomotic leakage (AL) after three-incision esophagectomy with cervical anastomosis. Methods: Clinical data of 1 022 patients with esophageal cancer who underwent McKeown three-incision esophagectomy with cervical anastomosis from January 2015 to December 2019 at Department of Minimally Invasive Esophageal Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital and Institute were analyzed retrospectively. There were 876 males and 146 females, aging(M(IQR)) 48(16) years (range: 36 to 84 years). There were 253 patients (24.8%) with neoadjuvant therapy, and 817 patients (79.9%) with minimally invasive esophagectomy. According to the diagnosis and treatment habits of the attending surgeons, 333 patients were included in the RCE group, and RCE was performed on the 7th day postoperative, while 689 patients were included in the non-RCE group, and RCE was performed when the patients had suspicious symptoms. Taking clinical symptoms, RCE, CT, endoscopy and other methods as reference to the diagnosis of AL, the sensitivity and specificity were used to analyze and evaluate the efficacy of RCE for the diagnosis of AL. The data were compared by U test or χ² test between groups. Results: The incidence rate of AL after three-incision esophagectomy was 7.34% (75/1 022), including 30 cases in the RCE group and 45 cases in the non-RCE group (9.0%(30/333) vs. 6.5%(45/689), χ²=2.027, P=0.155). The diagnostic time of AL was 9(5) days postoperative (range: 4 to 30 days). Among them, 23 cases showed cervical leakages, 50 cases showed intro-thoracic leakages, and 2 cases both cervical and intro-thoracic leakages. The diagnostic time of patients with intro-thoracic leakages was longer than that of cervical leakages (10(4) days vs. 6(3) days, Z=-2.517, P=0.012). Among the 333 patients in the RCE group, 16 cases of RCE indicated leakages including 11 cases of true positive and 5 cases determined to be false positive, while 317 cases indicated no abnormalities including 19 cases developed leakages. The sensitivity and specificity of RCE to detect AL were 36.7%(11/30) and 98.3%(298/333), respectively. The Youden-index was 0.35, and the diagnostic accuracy was 92.8%(309/333). The positive and negative predictive value were 11/16 and 94.0%(298/317), respectively. Conclusions: Routine contrast esophagram after three-incision esophagectomy with cervical anastomosis has low sensitivity and high specificity in the diagnosis of AL. The diagnostic time of AL is the 9th day after surgery. It is necessary to prolong the observation time clinically, and combine RCE with CT, endoscopy and other inspection methods for diagnosis.

A study of the effectiveness of nucleos(t)ide analogues in the treatment of HBeAg- positive chronic hepatitis B with normal alanine aminotransferase and high level of HBV DNA / 中华肝脏病杂志

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of nucleos(t)ide analogues in the treatment of HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B with normal alanine aminotransferase and high level of HBV DNA. Methods: Treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis B patients who were followed up at the Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University from January 2019 to January 2020 were selected as subjects. Demographic characteristics, the results of laboratory examination before treatment and one year after treatment were retrospectively collected. Patients were divided into tenofovir dipivoxil (TDF) and propofol fumurate tenofovir (TAF) treatment group according to different types of medication. The changes of serum HBV DNA level, HBeAg serological conversion and HBsAg quantitative level were analyzed and compared between the two groups. Results: A total of 38 cases were enrolled. Among them, there were 16 and 22 cases in the TDF and TAF group, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in demographic characteristics, baseline HBV DNA levels and HBsAg quantitative levels between the two groups. Virological response was achieved in 60.5% (23/38) of patients after one year of antiviral therapy. Serum HBV DNA levels below the lower limit of detection [68.2% (15/22) vs. 50.0% (8/16), P=0.258] and higher HBeAg seroconversion rate [18.2%] (4/22) vs. 6.3% (1/16), P=0.374] was obtained in TAF than TDF group; however, there was no statistically significant differences between the two. Serum HBsAg quantitative level was significantly reduced with TDF and TAF treatment. In addition, alanine aminotransferase elevation was reduced in TAF than TDF treated group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that patient age was an independent predictor of a virological response to antiviral therapy. Conclusion: HBeAg-positive CHB patients with normal alanine aminotransferase, and high HBV DNA level can obtain better curative effect after TDF and TAF treatment.

The application and insight of single-stage posterior total en bloc spondylectomy treatment on L 5 vertebrae spine tumors / 中华骨科杂志

Objective:To investigate the feasibility and technical points of single posterior total spine resection for L 5 vertebrae tumors, evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the technique, and propose a comprehensive treatment model for L 5 tumors on this basis. Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the data of 13 patients with L 5 vertebrae tumor who were treated by total en bloc spondylectomy (TES) through single-stage posterior approach from January 2014 to September 2021, including 4 males and 9 females. The age range was 21-65 years, with an average age of 33.85±14.24 years. Imaging examination showed isolated tumors of L 5 vertebrae without other metastases. All patients were treated with a single posterior L 5 vertebrae tumor TES by adjusting the curvature of lumbar lordosis, and the lumbar nerve root was fully dissociated. The vertebra with tumor was removed entirely and lumbar stability reconstruction via a pedicle screw system. Various parameters, including operative time, blood loss, complications, preoperative and postoperative spine sagittal parameters, Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores (JOAs), tumor control and outcome, were listed and analyzed. Results:Preoperative pathological diagnosis of 13 patients was mainly primary bone tumor including giant cell tumor in 7 cases, and invasive hemangioma, epithelioid hemangioma, aneurysmal bone cyst, chordoma, plasma cell myeloma and bone metastasis of breast cancer in 1 case. The mean operative time was 333.23±99.48 min (range 175-480 min), and the mean intraoperative blood loss was 1 407.69±676.49 ml (range 300-2 800 ml). There were no serious perioperative complications during the perioperative period. The mean follow-up was 54.92±19.29 months (range 28-84 months). JOAs improved from 13.85±3.86 points before operation to 24.31±2.16 points at 6 months after operation, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=8.19, P<0.001). Postoperative delayed wound healing occurred in 2 case. 2 patients showed numbness of the left lower limb, and 1 patient had slightly reduced plantar flexion movement. Conclusion:Single posterior TES is a good surgical method for the treatment of isolated L 5 vertebrae tumors. Although this technique is difficult, it can reduce surgical wounds and postoperative complications and good functional and oncology prognosis can be achieved.

Research on mechanism of salidroside activating HIF-1 a signaling pathway to promote MOB proliferation / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the effeet of salidroside (SAL) on proliferation of osteoblasts and its possible mechanism by using mouse primary osteoblasts ( MOB) as the research object.Methods Alkaline phosphatase ( ALP) staining was used to identify the extracted primary cells.MTT was used to detect the effect of SAL on the proliferation.RT-PCR, Western blot, ELISA were used to investigate the molecular mechanism of SAL.Results The extracted cells generated black-brown deposits by ALP staining, which were shown to be osteoblasts clearly.SAL promoted the pro liferation of MOB.Meanwhile, SAL could up-regulate the mRNA and protein expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-lcx ( HIF-1 ex), vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) and interleukin 6 ( IL-6 ) , which were down-regulated by using the HIF-lex blocker YC-1.Conclusions SAL could promote the proliferation of MOB through HIF-1 a/VEGF, ANGPTL4, IL-6 signaling pathway.

Arsenic Trioxide Combining Leflunomide Activates Nrf2-ARE-HO-1 Signaling Pathway and Protects Heart Xenografts / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of arsenic trioxide (As@*METHODS@#Transplantation of LVG hamster hearts to Lewis rats was performed by anastomosis of vessels in the neck using end-to-end anastomosis with a non-suture cuff technique. Four groups of recipient rats (n=6 in each) were treated with normal saline (control), As@*RESULTS@#Expression of Nrf2-ARE-HO-1 signaling pathway was upregulated in heart xenografts in rats treated with As@*CONCLUSION@#Combination treatment with As

Study on Mechanism and Validation of Effect of Astragali Radix in Treatment of Parkinson's Disease by Network Pharmacology / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To analyze the mechanism of Astragali Radix in the treatment of Parkinson's disease by network pharmacology and PC-12 extracellular model. Method:Traditional Chinese medicines systems pharmacology platform （TCMSP） and CD-HIT databases were used to screen out active components and targets of Astragali Radix， GENECARDS and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man （OMIM） databases were used to screen out targets relating to Parkinson's disease and draw component-target network， STRING database was used to build the protein-protein interaction network， Bioconductor Cluster Profiler was applied in Gene Ontology （GO） enrichment analysis， and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway enrichment analysis. PC-12 cells were pretreated with water extract of Astragali Radix， and Western blot was used to assess the expression of phosphorylation extracellular regulatory protein kinase 1/2（p-ERK1/2）， ERK1/2， B cell lymphoma -2 （Bcl-2） associated X protein （Bax）， Bcl-2， cysteine aspartic acid protease -3 （Caspase-3） and cleaved-Caspase3 （c-Caspase-3）. The levels of interleukin-6 （IL-6）， IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） interleukin-6 （IL-6）， IL-10， tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）. Result:Network pharmacology showed that 14 compounds in Astragali Radix， including emodin and quercetin， played a role through multi-target and multi-channel synergy， involving ERK signal pathway， Bax， Bcl-2， Caspase-3， IL-6， IL-10， TNF-α and other target proteins. Western blot showed that the expressions of Bax， p-ERK1/2， c-Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 in Astragali Radix Extract group decreased， while the expressions of Bcl-2 in Astragali Radix Extract group was significantly higher than that in model group （P<0.05）. There were statistical differences between the two groups. ELISA showed that Astragali Radix water extract could reduce the expressions of IL-6， TNF-α， but increase the expression of IL-10， with statistical differences from the model group （P<0.05）. Conclusion:This study shows that Astragali Radix can affect the expressions of these proteins， and verify the results of network pharmacology， so as to provide a basis for further study of Astragali Radix in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

Value of Preoperative Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Predicting Prognosis of Surgically Resectable Urinary Cancers: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Objective Accumulated evidence has suggested that there is a close association between preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and prognosis of various malignant tumors. However, the relationship between NLR and surgically resectable urinary cancers remains contradictory. Therefore, we performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to explore whether preoperative NLR could predict the prognosis of surgically resectable urinary cancers. Methods After searching the Embase, PubMed/MEDLINE and Cochrane databases and screening the articles, we finally included 25 studies involving 15950 patients. Hazard ratios (s) and their 95% confidence intervals (s) were extracted to assess the association between preoperative NLR and the overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) of surgically resectable urinary cancers. Results The pooled results revealed that an elevated preoperative NLR could predict a worse OS (=1.40, 95%: 1.26-1.54, <0.001) and CSS (=1.43, 95%: 1.27-1.59, <0.001) in urinary cancers. In addition, our analyses also suggested that high preoperative NLR was associated with worse prognosis in renal cell carcinoma (OS: =2.06, 95%: 1.54-2.76, =0.131; CSS: =2.46, 95%: 1.46-4.16, =0.178), upper tract urothelial carcinoma (OS: =1.91, 95%: 1.50-2.42, =0.616; CSS: =1.84, 95%: 1.41-2.39, =0.001), bladder cancer (OS: =1.09, 95%: 1.02-1.17, <0.001; CSS: =1.05, 95%: 1.01-1.09, =0.163) and prostate cancer (OS: =1.69, 95%: 1.19-2.41, =0.714). Regardless of the participants' race or the cutoff value of the preoperative NLR, the results remained valid. Conclusion Elevated preoperative NLR could predict a worse prognosis in surgically resectable urinary cancers, namely, renal cell carcinoma, bladder cancer, prostate cancer and upper tract urothelial carcinoma.

Recent advances in LncRNAs and chronic kidney disease / 药学学报

Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs), defined as transcripts which are hundreds of nucleotides with little or non-protein coding potential. Recently, LncRNAs have caught much more attentions, instead of considering as noises of genome transcripts, and indeed they have been found to play important roles associated with some biological processes, such as tumorigenesis, immunology dysfunction, metabolism adjustment, and so on. The incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in different regions of the world is about 10% to 15%, with high growth rate and high unawareness, including the diabetic nephropathy, membranous nephropathy, etc. Previous publications also suggest that LncRNAs have a close relationship with the kidneys, and it may become new therapeutic targets or new biomarkers to diagnose diseases. In this review, we will summarize LncRNAs' functions with chronic kidney diseases, and discuss the prospects of the clinical applications of LncRNAs in the treatment of CKD treatment.

Micro-dissection testicular sperm extraction for non-obstructive azoospermia patients with the history of secondary testicular injury / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>Objective</b>To investigate the value of micro- dissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) in the treatment of non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) in patients with the history of secondary testicular injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally, 121 NOA patients with the history of secondary testicular injury underwent micro-TESE in our hospital from September 2014 to December 2017. We analyzed the correlation of the sperm retrieval rate with the causes of testicular injury and compared the outcomes of the ICSI cycles with the sperm retrieved from the NOA males by micro-TESE (the micro-TESE group) and those with the sperm ejaculated from severe oligospermia patients (sperm concentration <1×10⁶/ml, the ejaculate group). Comparisons were also made between the two groups in the female age, two-pronucleus (2PN) fertilization rate, transferrable embryos on day 3 (D3), D3 high- quality embryos, D14 blood HCG positive rate, embryo implantation rate, and clinical pregnancy rate.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Testicular sperm were successfully retrieved by micro-TESE in 86.0% of the patients (104/121), of whom 98.4% had the history of orchitis, 75.5% had been treated surgically for cryptorchidism, and 63.6% had received chemo- or radiotherapy. No statistically significant differences were observed between the micro-TESE and ejaculate groups in the 2PN fertilization rate (59.4% vs 69.3%, P > 0.05), D14 blood HCG positive rate (44.6% vs 57.9%, P > 0.05), embryo implantation rate (31.8 %% vs 32.6%, P > 0.05) and clinical pregnancy rate (41.5% vs 48.7%, P > 0.05). However, the rate D3 transferrable embryos was significantly lower in the micro-TESE than in the ejaculate group (40.5% vs 52.2%,P < 0.05), and so was that of D3 high-quality embryos (32.5% vs 42.1%, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Micro-TESE can be applied as the first choice for NOA patients with the history of secondary testicular injury, but more effective strategies are to be explored for the improvement of ICSI outcomes with the sperm retrieved by micro- TESE.</p>

Utility of endovascular simulation to improve technical performance and stimulate interest of medical students in vascular surgery / 基础医学与临床

Objective To determine whether endovascular simulation training in medical students may increase technical proficiency,enhance interest in vascular surgery. Methods We recruited 30 medical students from Pe-king Union Medical College prospectively. We gave these students an eight-week course with a structured curricu-lum comprised of weekly simulator sessions and theoretical lessons. A test of iliac artery balloon dilatation was con-ducted in pre-and post-course. Performance was assessed. Demographics and subjective survey data,including in-terest in vascular surgery were obtained pre-and post-course from the students too. Results Parameters measured on the standardized global endovascular rating scale,including angiography skills,wire handling and interventional criteria as well as simulator-generated metrics such as fluoroscopy time and volume of contrast used significantly im-proved from pre-to post-course values for the medical students(P<0.05) All the students agreed or strongly agreed that the simulation course increased their interest in vascular surgery. Conclusions A simulation-based endovascu-lar course improves technical performance with interest in vascular surgery training of medical students. The simula-tor is quite potential in the medical students training.

Correlation between wavefront aberrations and myopia progression in school-age myopia / 眼科新进展

Objective To investigate the correlation of wavefront aberration and myopic development in school-age children.Methods Together 150 school-age children (300 eyes) in Beijing city were collected and underwent cycloplegic refractometry for detect the refraction status and Allegretto wavefront aberrometry for the measurement of wavefront aberration for 1-year follow up.Results Totally 132 children were successfully followed up and only 120 children were included in this study.The average increased diopter was (0.74 ± 0.55) D.It was found that the development of myopia was correlated with age,myopic duration and the baseline diopter (all P ＜ 0.01),and the wavefront aberration was correlated with age (P ＜ 0.05).There were significant difference in the third order RMS value and C7 (coma) between the myopic children with rapid progress and slow progress.C12 (spherical aberration) was significantly correlated with the change of diopter (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Both third order RMS and C7 (coma) may be the major contributors for myopia progress in school-age children,and the increased diopter may polarize the spherical aberration toward minus values.