Ambient fine particulate matter and cardiopulmonary health risks in China / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

In China, the level of ambient fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) pollution far exceeds the air quality standards recommended by the World Health Organization. Moreover, the health effects of PM 2.5 exposure have become a major public health issue. More than half of PM 2.5 -related excess deaths are caused by cardiopulmonary disease, which has become a major health risk associated with PM 2.5 pollution. In this review, we discussed the latest epidemiological advances relating to the health effects of PM 2.5 on cardiopulmonary diseases in China, including studies relating to the effects of PM 2.5 on mortality, morbidity, and risk factors for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. These data provided important evidence to highlight the cardiopulmonary risk associated with PM 2.5 across the world. In the future, further studies need to be carried out to investigate the specific relationship between the constituents and sources of PM 2.5 and cardiopulmonary disease. These studies provided scientific evidence for precise reduction measurement of pollution sources and public health risks. It is also necessary to identify effective biomarkers and elucidate the biological mechanisms and pathways involved; this may help us to take steps to reduce PM 2.5 pollution and reduce the incidence of cardiopulmonary disease.

Mechanism of Zhongfeng Xingnao Decoction in improving microcirculatory disorders in cerebral hemorrhage based on network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to explore the mechanism of Zhongfeng Xingnao Decoction(ZFXN) in intervening microcirculatory di-sorders in cerebral hemorrhage by network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques. The information on the components of ZFXN was obtained through the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP) database, and the predicted targets of chemical components were obtained from PubChem and SwissTargetPrediction. The relevant targets of cerebral hemorrhage and microcirculatory disorders were collected from the GeneCards database, and the common targets of the components and diseases were analyzed by the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery(DAVID) for Gene Ontology(GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) enrichment analyses. Visualization of the correlation network was carried out using Cytoscape software to further screen important chemical components for molecular docking prediction with disease targets. The animal experiment validation was performed using modified neurological severity score(mNSS), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR), immunofluorescence, and Western blot to detect the effects of ZFXN intervention in mice with cerebral hemorrhage. The results showed that there were 31 chemical components and 856 targets in the four drugs contained in ZFXN, 173 targets for microcirculatory disorders in cerebral hemorrhage, and 57 common targets for diseases and components. The enrichment analysis showed that common targets were mainly involved in biological processes, such as cell proliferation and apoptosis, and signaling pathways, such as tumor pathway, viral infection, phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway, and mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) signaling pathway. Molecular docking results revealed that the common components β-sitosterol of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma, and Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma Rubra showed good docking with proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase(SRC), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3), phosphoinositide-3-kinase catalytic alpha polypeptide gene(PIK3CA), recombinant protein tyrosine phosphatase non receptor type 11(PTPN11), AKT1, epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR), calcium adhesion-associated protein beta 1(CTNNB1), vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA), and tumor protein p53(TP53). Moreover, sennoside E of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma showed good docking with MAPK1. The results revealed that the ZFXN relieved the neural injury in mice with cerebral hemorrhage, decreased the expression of S100 calcium-binding protein B(S100β), neuron specific enolase(NSE), matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP9), tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α), interleukin 1β(IL-1β), SRC, EGFR, CTNNB1, VEGFA, TP53, glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP), and leukocyte differentiation antigen 86(CD86), and increased the expression of p-PI3K, p-AKT, and zona occludens 1(ZO-1). The results indicate that ZFXN may inhibit neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory response through PI3K/AKT/p53 pathway to protect the blood-brain barrier, thereby slowing down microcirculatory impairment in cerebral hemorrhage.

Kinematic simulation of lower limb joints with local Euler angles / 解剖学报

Objective To explore the parameters and effects of local Euler angle in the kinematic simulation of lower limb joints. Methods The hip, femur, patella, tibia, fibula and foot bones were segmented and reconstructed based on one set of computed tomographic (CT) data. The virtual models were imported into 3DSMax for smoothing, optimization, axis regulation and other processing. Models were imported into Unity3D after being processed, and the hip, knee, ankle and metatarsophalangeal joints were simulated with local Euler angle. The scripts were tested to adjust the relevant parameters. The documents were released as executable documents. Results The movement of hip, knee, ankle and metatarsophalangeal joints could be simulated as real movement without exceeding the range of articular fossa (- 170°- 170° in flexion and extension, -30°-80° in abduction and adduction, -40°-60° in rotation of hip joint; 0-140 degrees in flexion of knee joint; -60°-55°in flexion and extension and -30°-20° in varus and evagination of ankle joint; -40°-30° in flexion and extension of metatarsophanlangeal joint). Conclusion The local Euler angle used in Unity3D based on "parent-children" relationship is adapt to simulate the real range of single and whole motion of lower limb joints.

Ligustroflavone ameliorates CCl / 中国天然药物

Liver fibrosis is a pathological process characterized by excess deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) that are mainly derived from activated hepatic stellate cells. Previous studies suggested that ligustroflavone (LF) was an ingredient of Ligustrum lucidum Ait. with activities of anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation. In this study, we investigated whether LF had any effect on liver fibrosis. In our study, we established a mouse model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl

Exploring the hydrophobic channel of NNIBP leads to the discovery of novel piperidine-substituted thiophene3,2-pyrimidine derivatives as potent HIV-1 NNRTIs

In this report, a series of novel piperidine-substituted thiophene[3,2-]pyrimidine derivatives were designed to explore the hydrophobic channel of the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors binding pocket (NNIBP) by incorporating an aromatic moiety to the left wing of the lead . The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for anti-HIV potency in MT-4 cells and inhibitory activity to HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT). Most of the synthesized compounds exhibited broad-spectrum activity toward wild-type and a wide range of HIV-1 strains carrying single non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI)-resistant mutations. Especially, compound exhibited the most potent activity against wild-type and a panel of single mutations (L100I, K103N, Y181C, Y188L and E138K) with an EC ranging from 6.02 to 23.9 nmol/L, which were comparable to those of etravirine (ETR). Moreover, the RT inhibition activity, preliminary structure-activity relationship and molecular docking were also investigated. Furthermore, exhibited favorable pharmacokinetics (PK) profiles and with a bioavailability of 33.8%. Taken together, the results could provide valuable insights for further optimization and compound holds great promise as a potential drug candidate for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.

Double modality fusion between CT and MRI for human head based on surface anatomic characters / 解剖学报

Objective To explore the accuracy of double modality fusion between CT and MRI for human head, based on pair anatomical points registration. Methods CT and MRI were approached in 4 patients, digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) files were loaded on 3D Slicer (version 4. 8. 1), the surface and brain were reconstructed automatically with volume rendering as reconstructed models, 10 surface characters were tested with localization error and would be used as fiducial points, 8 of the points would be chosen as pair-points for registration according the localizing error after 5 localizations, 5 registration groups based on 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 fiducial points were divided. Singular value decomposition (SVD) was employed for registration as a basic algorithm, and fiducial registration error (FRE) was used to evaluate the registration error. Results FRE values of double modality fusion were 2. 68-6. 54 mm. FRE values of 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 fiducial points were (5. 14± 0.97) mm, (4. 71 ±0. 64) mm, (4. 45±0. 59) mm, (4. 13± 0. 55)mm, (3. 54±0. 72) mm respectively. There was no statistical difference between neighbor groups, while in 4 and 8 points groups, the FRE values were different statistically. Conclusion Surface anatomic characters can be used for double modality fusion between CT and MRI; FRE values after CT-MRI double modality fusion are reduced with the increase of points.

Analysis on the distribution and treatment of malaria patients in the phase of eradication of malaria in China / 中国卫生政策研究

Objective: To understand the distribution and treatment of malaria patients, and the characteristics of sampled hospitals in thephase of eradication of malaria,and provide support for medical resources allocation in the later stages of malaria eradication phase. On this basis, this study aims at promoting the realization of the ultimate goal of total eradication of malaria in China by 2020. Methods : A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used. A total number of 102 hospitals in Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, Sichuan and Yunnan Provinces were selected to collect original information on in-patient and out-patient of malaria in terms of medical records and treatment costs during the periodfrom January 1st 2014 toDecember 31th2016. In order to conduct accurate statistical analysis, Excel 2016, SPSS 20. 0 and other Software were used. Results: The survey results collected a total number of 1633 malaria patients, and these patients showed a W-shaped distribution during the months of treatment. Most of malaria patients from Henan and Sichuan Provinceswere diagnosed as having been affected by falciparum and vivax malaria, and their number sharply increased. This is paper also revealed the ratios of malaria patientsin terms of their choice of health services,namely from tertiary hospitals, municipal medical institutions and provincial medical institutions; those were77.10％,52.05％ and 23.58％,respectively. Conclusions : A new period of peak incidence of malariais detected from 2014 to 2016. With hospitals' line of malaria defending ability shrinking,it was found that malaria treatment capacitiesare relatively concentrated in the high level hospitals,which plays a greater role when it comes to the prevention and control of malaria. It is recommended that regional malaria treatment lines should be built,and severe malaria treatment knowledge trainingsshould be prepared and attended in mass in orderto improve malaria treatment capacities.

Open reduction and external fixation with two parallel Kirschner wires for treatment of Gartland type Ⅲ fractures in children / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To compare the clinical effects on Gartland type Ⅲ fractures in children by open reduction and external fixation with two parallel Kirschner wires and closed reduction.Methods From February 2013 to October 2016,84 children with Gartland type Ⅲ supracondylar fracture of humerus were selected and randomly divided into a control group and an observation group,each with a total of 42 cases.The control group received closed reduction treatment,and the observation group received open and external fixation with two parallel Kirschner wires.The two groups were compared on intraoperative blood loss,incision length,operating time,decreased degrees of carrying angle,reduced flexion-extension at the fractured side and the rates for good and excellent clinical effects.Results The observation group behaved significantly better than the control group in intraoperative blood loss,incision length and operating time (P＜0.05).The rates for good and excellent effects was 90.47％ in the observation group and 73.81％ in the control group,and there was obvious difference between the values in the two groups (P＜0.05).The observation group had the decreased degree of carrying angle statistically lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05),while the reduced flexion-extension at the fractured side was not significantly different from that in the control group (P＞0.05).Conclusion Open reduction and external fixation with two parallel Kirschner wires and closed reduction both gain their advantages when used to treat Gartland type llⅢ fractures in children,the former has high clinical effect,significantly recovered elbow joint function and low incidence rate for cubitus varus,and the latter has slight invasion,small incision while relatively low clinical effect and high incidence rate for cubitus varus.

Open reduction and external fixation with two parallel Kirschner wires for treatment of Gartland type Ⅲ fractures in children / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To compare the clinical effects on Gartland type Ⅲ fractures in children by open reduction and external fixation with two parallel Kirschner wires and closed reduction.Methods From February 2013 to October 2016,84 children with Gartland type Ⅲ supracondylar fracture of humerus were selected and randomly divided into a control group and an observation group,each with a total of 42 cases.The control group received closed reduction treatment,and the observation group received open and external fixation with two parallel Kirschner wires.The two groups were compared on intraoperative blood loss,incision length,operating time,decreased degrees of carrying angle,reduced flexion-extension at the fractured side and the rates for good and excellent clinical effects.Results The observation group behaved significantly better than the control group in intraoperative blood loss,incision length and operating time (P＜0.05).The rates for good and excellent effects was 90.47％ in the observation group and 73.81％ in the control group,and there was obvious difference between the values in the two groups (P＜0.05).The observation group had the decreased degree of carrying angle statistically lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05),while the reduced flexion-extension at the fractured side was not significantly different from that in the control group (P＞0.05).Conclusion Open reduction and external fixation with two parallel Kirschner wires and closed reduction both gain their advantages when used to treat Gartland type llⅢ fractures in children,the former has high clinical effect,significantly recovered elbow joint function and low incidence rate for cubitus varus,and the latter has slight invasion,small incision while relatively low clinical effect and high incidence rate for cubitus varus.

Mechanism analysis on integration of health care services at county and township level：From the perspective of stakeholder theory / 中国卫生政策研究

Objective:To analyze the mechanism on integration of health care services at the county and town-ship level from the perspective of stakeholder theory. Methods: The stakeholder interest demand was determined by word frequency analysis of interview data from stakeholders in the three regions of Qianjiang, Huangpi, and Zhen-jiang;the degree of attention and gains and losses of stakeholders towards various demands was investigated from the three regions through interest demand questionnaires;the impact of demand benefits on behavioral responses has been evaluated through comprehensive evaluation theory and game theory. Results:Regional integration policies reflect the interest demands of stakeholders in varying degrees; the higher were the scores of demand benefits in interest de-mands questionnaires, the stronger was the willingness of stakeholders to coordinate integration policies. Conclusion:The policies of integration of health care services in rural China should consider all stakeholder interest demands;the better the interest demands of the stakeholders are satisfied, the stronger their motivation for integration reform will be, which may affect the implementation effects of local integration reforms to some extent.

An Evaluation on Primary Dentition Caries among Preschool Children with ICDAS Criteria / 预防医学

Objective To evaluate the status of dental caries of deciduous teeth with International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS ) among preschool children in Lin 'an city.Methods A total of 491 children from 5 kindergartens aged 2.5 to 4.5 years were enrolled using the cluster random sampling method and were examined with the modified criteria of ICDAS.Results The caries rate of deciduous teeth was 66.80% among the tested children.The mean DMFT score was 3.98 and the mean DMFS score was 5.77.The prevalence rate was of no significant difference between genders (P >0.05).Early enamel caries rate was 24.44%,while the caries were found most frequently on the occlusal and proximal surface (32.90%)and least frequently on the tongue palatal surfaces (7.62%).Conclusion The prevalence rate of deciduous dental caries among preschool children is relatively high in Lin'an city.ICDAS might be used to early prevention and diagnose of dental caries.

Research progress of lysophosphatidylcholines for liver diseases / 中国药理学通报

Lysophosphatidylcholines belong to a group of lipid components which have a variety of physiological functions. LPCs are known to be linked to metabolic disorders and cardio-vascular diseases,including diabetes,atherosclerosis and dyslip-idemia.LPCs are actively metabolized in liver,which is closely related with liver diseases and hepatotoxicity.The role of LPCs in liver diseases and hepatotoxicities has been extensively investi-gated recently.This review focuses on lysophosphatidylcholines as a biomarker for liver diseases,such as hepatic carcinoma, cholestasis,cirrhosis,hepatitis,and chemical hepatotoxicities, trying to lay a basis for investigation and therapeutics of liver dis-eases.

Effects of smoking on the concentrations of urinary 10 metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coke oven workers / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effects of smoking on urinary 10 metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the coke oven workers.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Occupational health examination was performed on 1401 coke oven workers in one coking plant, their urine were collected respectively. The concentrations of the ten monohydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urine were detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The 1401 workers were divided into four groups, namely control, adjunct workplaces, bottom and side, top group according to their workplaces and the different concentrations of PAHs in the environment. The concentrations of the ten monohydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons between smokers and nonsmokers in each workplace group were compared using analysis of covariance, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The levels of concentrations of the sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons we detected at control were significantly higher than those at other areas (P < 0.05). Comparing the ten monohydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons levels between smokers and nonsmokers, the levels of 1-hydroxynaphthalene and 2-hydroxynaphthalene among smokers were higher than nonsmokers with statistically significance in control, adjunct workplaces, bottom and side and top groups (P < 0.05). However, the levels of 1-hydroxypyrene had no statistically significant differences between the four areas.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Urinary 1-hydroxynaphthalene and 2-hydroxynaphthalene may be used as biomarkers for the impact of smoking on monohydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the coke oven workers.</p>

Characteristics of particulate matter pollution in coke oven plant / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the characteristics of particulate matter pollution in coke oven plant, so as to provide scientific data for establishing occupational exposure limits for coke oven emissions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Concentrations of CO, SO₂, BSM, BTEX (concentrations of benzene, toluene and xylene were determined in this study), PM₁₀, PM₂.₅, 16 selected PAHs in PM₁₀ and PM₂.₅ were determined in the work environment of a coke oven plant in Wuhan. The work environment was divided into the adjunct area, the bottom of, the side of and the top of coke oven.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The concentrations of CO, SO₂, BSM, BETX, PM₁₀, PM₂.₅, PAHs in PM₁₀ and PM₂.₅ were significantly related to working environmental categories, respectively, and were increasing as the adjunct area < bottom < side < top (P (trend) < 0.05). PM₁₀ was statistically significantly correlated with CO, SO₂, benzene, BTEX and BSM (0.705, 0.823, 0.664, 0.624 and 0.734, respectively). PM₂.₅ was statistically significantly correlated with CO, SO₂, benzene, BTEX and BSM (0.635, 0.916, 0. 680, 0.553 and 0.726, respectively). BSM was statistically significantly correlated with benzene (0.689). The ratios of PM₂.₅ to PM₁₀ between different work environments were not significantly different in one-way ANOVA (P > 0.05). The distribution of aromatic rings and the concentrations of total benzo[a] pyrene equivalents in PM₁₀ and PM₂.₅ were not statistically different between work environments.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The concentrations of particulate matter was related with other contents of coke oven emissions in coke work environment, and the contents and types of PAHs in PM₁₀ and PM₂.₅ were similar.</p>

The increase of micronuclei frequencies of peripheral blood lymphocyte in plywood workers exposed accumulatively to formaldehyde / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of occupational exposure to formaldehyde on the micronuclei frequencies in peripheral blood lymphocytes of workers.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two hundred thirty six plywood workers were divided into 3 exposure groups (low, middle and high) according to internal exposure biomarker (formaldehyde human serum albumin conjugate, FA-HSA), which was detected by ELISA. The concentrations of formaldehyde (FA) in air of two workshops were measure using the high performance liquid chromatography. Cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) test was used to detect the micronuclei frequencies of peripheral blood lymphocyte in 236 workers.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average concentrations of FA in the low and high exposure workshops were 0.58 +/- 0.20 and 1.48 +/- 0.61 mg/m3, respectively, there was significant difference (P < 0.01). The average concentrations of serum FA-HAS of workers in two workshops were 69.22 +/- 15.37 and 136.29 +/- 89.49 pg/ml, respectively, there was significant difference (P < 0.01). The results of CBMN test showed that the micronucleus frequencies in low, middle and high exposure groups were 1.94 +/- 1.72, 2.10 +/- 1.92 and 2.10 +/- 1.70 per thousand, respectively, there were no significant differences between groups. However, the micronucleus frequencies in accumulative low, middle and high exposure groups were 1.36 +/- 1.36, 2.31 +/- 1.81 and 2.49 +/- 1.92 per thousand, respectively, there were significant differences between different accumulative exposure groups (P < 0.01). The results of correlation analysis indicated that there was a positive correlation between accumulative exposure levels and micronucleus frequencies (r(s) = 0.321, P < 0.01). The accumulative exposure doses may be a risk factor for high micronucleus frequencies in workers exposed to FA (P(trend) = 0.002).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>FA-HSA levels can serve as an internal exposure biomarker for assessing the exposure level of workers exposed to FA. Accumulative formaldehyde exposure resulted in an increase of micronuclei frequencies of peripheral blood lymphocyte in plywood workers.</p>

Influence of MgO and TiO2 on mechanical properties of zirconia toughened alumina ceramics formed by gel-casting technique / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of mechanical properties and sintering performance by adding 5% weight percentage aids to nano-compound zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA) ceramics.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Micrometer Al2O3 and nanometer ZrO2 (quality ratio 4:1) were used to get 55% volume percentage slurry. Magnesium oxide and titanium oxide were taken as aids which were 5% weight percentage of the Al2O3 and ZrO2 powder. Five groups (number 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 group) were divided according to different proportion of aids. After gel-casting, the porcelain pieces were sintered at 1150, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1450, 1500, 1600 degrees C for 2 hours. Static three-point flexure strength, line shrinkage, relative density were measured and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe section.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Number 1 (MgO 1%, TiO2 4%) group had the highest bending strength. It was (401.78+/-19.50) MPa after sintering at 1600 degrees C for 2 hours and was higher than 0 group (380.64+/-44.50) MPa. Bending strength became lower than 0 group when MgO was more than 2% or more than that weight percentage of ZTA powder. When MgO content was higher than 2% or more than that weight percentage, there was no difference in relative density raising rate between each sintering assistants groups. When the sintering temperature was higher than 1200 degrees C, all groups showed obvious line-shrinkage and the groups which contained sintering assistants were all was higher than 0 group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Adding MgO and TiO2 aids from 1% to 4% weight percentage of ZTA will promote fritting and increase ZTA nano-compound ceramics mechanical properties. Adding 2% MgO aids or more than that weight percent will has no obvious help to increase the relative density raising rate of ZTA nano-compound ceramics and will degrade the mechanical properties of ZTA nano-compound ceramics.</p>

A case-crossover study on air pollutants and the mortality of stroke / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the short-term effect of particulate matter in air on the mortality of stroke. Methods Using time-stratified case-crossover study design,an association was examined between stroke mortality and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter of ＜10μm(PM10) of 2002- 2004 in Hangzhou city.Meanwhile,the acute health effect of other gaseous pollutants (sulfur dioxide,SO2 and nitrogen dioxide,NO2) was also analyzed.Results A total of 9906 deaths of stroke were included.The crude stroke mortality was 83.54 per 100 000.After being adjusted for meteorological factors,when an increase of 10 μg/m3 in PM10,SO2 and NO2 in three days was noticed,it appeared that the increases of mortality of stroke were 0.56%(95%CI:0.14%-0.99%),1.62%(95%CI:0.26%-3.01%) and 2.07%( 95%CI:0.54%-3.62%) respectively.There was no distinct association in multipollutant models.In sensitivity analysis,the associations were found in all single-pollutant models but not statistically significant in multi-pollutant models after replacing the missing values.Conclusion It is suggested that the short-term elevation in PM10 as well as SO2 and NO2 daily concentrations were related to the increase of stroke mortality in Hangzhou city.

Effects of cu2+ on biosynthesis of camptothecin in cell cultures of Camptotheca acuminata / 生物工程学报

Camptothecin is a strong anti-tumor compound isolated from Camptotheca acuminata. One of the most important way for the production of Camptothecin is by cell cultures of Camptotheca acuminata. The effect of Cu2+ on camptothecin accumulation in Camptotheca acuminata cell line was described in this paper. The results showed that the optimum CuCl2 concentration in B5 medium was 0.008 mg/mL, which increased camptothecin production for 30 times compare to the control while has no inhibitive effects on cell growth, at the same time, the peroxidase activity was increased and the anthocyanidin accumulation was inhibited. The promotive effects of Cu2+ on camptothecin accumulation in light was higher than that in dark.

Deletion of OPCML gene and promoter methylation in ovarian epithelial carcinoma / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of OPCML gene in ovarian epithelial carcinoma and determine the relationship between mRNA expression and methylation of their promoters.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Twenty normal ovarian tissues and 89 ovarian epithelial tumor specimens (72 malignant, 17 benign), as well as 3 ovarian carcinoma cell lines (SKOV-3, CAOV3, and 3AO), were collected for detection of OPCML gene expression by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and for detection of promoter methylation by restriction enzyme cut analysis from 7. 1999 to 7. 2003.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among ovarian epithelial carcinoma 19.4% expressed OPCML mRNA, while 85% of normal ovarian tissue and 76.5% of benign ovarian tumor. The ratio of expression of OPCML mRNA in ovarian epithelial carcinoma was significantly lower than those of normal (chi2 = 30.108, P = 0.0000) and benign tumors (chi2 = 21.162, P = 0.000). No OPCML mRNA expression was found in SKOV-3 and CAOV3, but was found in 3AO. Methylations were detected in 44.4% of cancer cells promoter, while 0% in normal ovarian tissue and benign ovarian tumors. The ratio of methylation of ovarian epithelial carcinoma was significantly higher than those of normal (chi2 = 13.630, P = 0.0000) and benign tumors (chi2 = 11.797, P = 0.000). Methylation was found in SKOV-3 and CAOV3, but not in 3AO. The relationship between gene expression and promoter methylation was correlated (r = 11.589, P = 0.002), especially at Hap I1 site (r = 11.640, P = 0.004). Methylation was also found in SKOV-3 and CAOV3 cell lines, but not in 3AO cell line.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Deletion of OPCML gene exists in ovarian epithelial carcinoma cell. The gene promoter methylations, especially Hap II motif, may be one of pathways that contribute the inhibition of OPCML expression.</p>

Expressions of VEGF/VEGFRs and activation of STATs in ovarian carcinoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the expressions of VEGF/VEGFRs and activation of STATs in ovarian epithelial carcinoma, and to elucidate direct effect of VEGF on ovarian carcinoma cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Tissue samples from 42 women with primary ovarian epithelial carcinoma (OVCA), 29 with begnin ovarian tumor (OVBT) and 11 with normal ovarian tissue (NOV) were collected. LSAB immunohistochemical staining was used to determine the expression of VEGF, VEGFR1, VEGFR2 and activated STATS (P-STAT1, P-STAT3, P-STAT5, P-STAT6) proteins.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Semi-quantitative scoring showed that VEGF expression in OVCA was significantly higher than that in OVBT and NOV (P < 0.01). Expressions of VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 were significantly elevated in OVCA, including tumor cells and stromal vascular endothelial cells (P < 0.01, compared with OVBT and NOV). There was no difference in VEGFRs expressions between OVBT and NOV. (2) In OVCA, tumor cells and endothelial cells expressed P-STAT3 and P-STAT5 at significantly higher levels than those in OVBT and NOV (P = 0.000). The staining of P-STAT1 and P-STAT6 was weak with no significant differences among OVCA, OVBT and NOV. (3) Expressions of VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 in endothelial cells were significantly correlated with P-STAT5 and P-STAT3, respectively (P = 0.006 and 0.001). In cancer cells, VEGF, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 were all significantly correlated with P-STAT3 and P-STAT5 (P = 0.000), but not with P-STAT1 or P-STAT6.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>VEGF affects ovarian carcinoma cells via VEGFRs, and STATs probably participate in intracellular signaling of VEGF.</p>