RESUMO
BACKGROUND@#Breast cancer patients suffer from lowered quality of life (QoL) after surgery. Breast conservancy surgery (BCS) such as partial mastectomy is being practiced and studied as an alternative to solve this problem. This study confirmed breast tissue reconstruction in a pig model by fabricating a 3-dimensional (3D) printed Polycaprolactone spherical scaffold (PCL ball) to fit the tissue resected after partial mastectomy. @*METHODS@#A 3D printed Polycaprolactone spherical scaffold with a structure that can help adipose tissue regeneration was produced using computer-aided design (CAD). A physical property test was conducted for optimization. In order to enhance biocompatibility, collagen coating was applied and a comparative study was conducted for 3 months in a partial mastectomy pig model. @*RESULTS@#In order to identify adipose tissue and fibroglandular tissue, which mainly constitute breast tissue, the degree of adipose tissue and collagen regeneration was confirmed in a pig model after 3 months. As a result, it was confirmed that a lot of adipose tissue was regenerated in the PCL ball, whereas more collagen was regenerated in the collagen-coated Polycaprolactone spherical scaffold (PCL–COL ball). In addition, as a result of confirming the expression levels of TNF-a and IL-6, it was confirmed that PCL ball showed higher levels than PCL–COL ball. @*CONCLUSION@#Through this study, we were able to confirm the regeneration of adipose tissue through a 3-dimensional structure in a pig model. Studies were conducted on medium and large-sized animal models for the final purpose of clinical use and reconstruction of human breast tissue, and the possibility was confirmed.
RESUMO
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is a peptide involved in the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. CRF is distributed not only along the HPA axis but also throughout pain-relevant anatomical sites. CRF elicits potent antinociception at the three main levels of pain transmissions: namely, the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral sensory neurons. The widespread distribution of CRF receptors 1 and 2 in the brain offers several targets wherein CRF could alter pain, some of which may be independent of the HPA axis. In this study, we assessed the expression of CRF and its receptors, CRF receptor type (CRFR)1 and CRFR2, in the spinal dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in a rat model of neuropathic pain induced by spinal nerve injury (SNI). CRF was expressed in a few DRG neurons and primary afferent fibers in the dorsal horns of nasmall yi, Ukrainianve rats, and the CRF-positive neurons in DRG and fibers in the spinal dorsal horn were found to have increased after SNI. CRFR1 was not expressed in DRG or the dorsal horn and CRFR2 was expressed weakly in the small neurons in DRG in the nasmall yi, Ukrainianve rats. After SNI, CRFR1 was expressed in the activated microglia in the ipsilateral dorsal horn, and immunoreaction for CRFR2 was increased in the contralateral DRG following SNI. Consequently, it has been suggested that the increased expression of CRF and CRFR2 in DRG neurons and primary afferent fibers in dorsal horn, and CRFR1 in the activated microglia, may be involved in the mediation of stress responses as well as in microglial activation in the neuropathic pain state following SNI.