Relationship of Body Mass Index with periodontal health status of green marble mine laborers in Kesariyaji, India

It is evident from literature that an increased body mass index (BMI) may be a potential risk factor for periodontitis. Association between BMI and periodontitis has been ascribed to unhealthy dietary patterns with insufficient micronutrients and excess sugar and fat content. The present study population has been plagued by unhealthy nutritional practices, hence the present study intended to assess the relation between BMI and periodontal status among green marble mine laborers of Kesariyaji, in the Udaipur district of Rajasthan, India. The study sample comprised of 513 subjects aged 18-54 years, drawn using the stratified cluster sampling procedure. BMI was calculated as the ratio of the subject's body weight (in kg) to the square of their height (in meters). Periodontal status was recorded using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Binary multiple logistic regression analysis was executed to assess the relation between body mass index and periodontitis. The dependent variable for logistic regression analysis was categorized into control group (scores 0 - 2 of the CPI) and periodontitis group (scores 3 and 4 of the CPI). The overall prevalence of periodontal disease was 98.2 percent. Caries status and mean number of teeth present deteriorated with the poor periodontal status. Subjects had an increased risk of periodontitis by 57 percent for each 1kg/m² increase in the body mass index, which means that a higher body mass index could be a potential risk factor for periodontitis among the adults aged 18 to 54 years. In conclusion, evaluation of the body mass index could be used in periodontal risk assessment.

Tobacco as risk factor for periodontal disease in green marble mine laborers of Rajasthan, India

Aim: To determine the effect of tobacco usage on the severity of periodontal disease in green marble mine laborers. Methods: Marble mine laborers (n=585) aged 15–54 years were selected from four geographic zones in green marble mines area using a stratifiedrandom sampling procedure. A total of 517 (88%) laborers participated in the study. The sample were classified as tobacco users, non users, occasional users, ex users and the data regarding form, duration and frequency of tobacco consumption was also collected by personal interviews. Periodontal status was assessed by community periodontal index. Results: Nearly three fourth (71.9%) of the population was tobacco users. Among the smokers, bleeding and calculus accounted to 33% each whereas the prevalence of these periodontal indicators was 38% and 44% respectively among smokeless tobacco users. Logistic regression analyses revealed that smokeless tobacco users were more liable for presence of periodontal pockets than smokers. Duration had a significant influence with users since more than 20 years being liable for presence of pockets at least twice (OR = 2.625, 95% CI 1.529 – 4.507) than the <5 years group. The odds ratio for presence of periodontal pockets increased by 2.143 (95 % CI 1.060 – 4.333) and 5.596 (95 % CI 2.901 – 10.639) for users of 6 – 10 units/ day and more than 10 units/day than the 1-2 times/day category. Conclusions: Tobacco usage had a significant impact on the severity of periodontal disease with users being more likely to present periodontal pockets than non users. Moreover, the risk of periodontal pockets increased as the duration and frequency of tobacco consumption increased.

Dental caries experience and treatment needs of green marble mine laborers in Udaipur district, Rajasthan, India.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The study was undertaken at Kesariyaji, located in Udaipur district of Rajasthan. There are about 3 million workers who marble mine at Rajasthan. Living conditions of these workers are substandard and most of them are immigrant workers living in tiny shacks. Majority of them belong to lower socioeconomic status with poor educational background. The present study was carried out to estimate dental caries prevalence and treatment needs of laborers working in the green marble mines of Udaipur district. BASIC RESEARCH DESIGN: The data was collected using the methods and standards recommended by the WHO. Dentition status and treatment needs along with decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index, and decayed, missing, and filled surfaces score were recorded. Standard error of mean was calculated for all the mean values of treatment needs. There were three examiners, who were trained before the survey for inter-examiner variability, and the reliability was tested by means of weighted kappa statistics, which was 90%. PARTICIPANTS: The study population comprised 513 men in four age groups of 18-25, 26-34, 35-44, and 45-54 years, respectively. RESULTS: The mean DMFT for all age groups was 3.13 with highest mean of 4.0 for the age group of 45-54 years. Mean decayed teeth were 2.60, 3.33, 1.46, and 1.5 for the age groups 15-24, 25-34, 35-44, and 45-54 years, respectively. Filled component was nil for all age groups. Most of the subjects required one surface filling with a very less proportion needing pulp care. CONCLUSIONS: The missing component constituted the major part of DMFT index in the 45-54 years age group and the absence of filled component in the whole study population implies that the treatment needs of the study population are unmet. Thus, intervention in the form of oral health promotion and curative services are the need of the hour.