RESUMO
The osteogenesis induction by demineralized bone matrix grafts remains as a challenge in the reconstructions of the mandible through homologous and xenografts or in implants in abdominal muscle. PURPOSE: Observed the behaviour of implants of demineralized bone matrix at the mandible (right side with homologous graft and left side with xenograft of pig). METHODS: Experimental study with homologous and heterologous implants of demineralized bone matrix at the mandible and in ectopic muscle at the Center of Experimental Surgery of Heliopolis Hospital, Hosphel, São Paulo, Brazil. In 6 white New Zeland rabbits, 46 grafts were performed being 23 with homologous (rabbit) and 23 with xenograft (pig). 12 homologous implants (6 at the right side of the mandible and 6 at abdominal muscle of the rabbit) and 12 heterologous implants of pigs (6 at the left side of the mandible and 6 at abdominal muscle rabbit) were performed with demineralized bone matrix. RESULTS: Osteogenesis was assessed through histologic features after 30 and 60 days. After 1 rabbit dead, osteogenesis (mandible) were detected in 9 of 11 (82 percent) rabbits that received homologous matrix, in spite of heterologous implants showed osteogenesis in 6 out of 11 (54 percent) (p=0,18). The abdominal muscle showed induced osteogenesis in 3 out of 11(27 percent) animals with homologous and 0 percent with heterologous implants (p=0,10). CONCLUSIONS: Osteogenesis induction through homologous grafts in rabbit mandible and abdominal muscle were more effective than xenografts.