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Objective:To explore the effects of laser irradiation parameters (irradiation frequency and single duration) on tear secretion, lens and retina.Methods:Thirty-six healthy guinea pigs were randomly divided into 6 groups with random number table method according to different frequency and single exposure duration of laser to the eye, namely, high frequency short time (HFST) group, high frequency long time (HFLT) group, medium frequency short time (MFST) group, medium frequency long time (MFLT) group, low frequency short time (LFST) group and low frequency long time (LFLT) group, 6 for each group.The right eyes were irradiated with 500 lx laser as experimental eyes, and the left eyes of the guinea pigs served as the control eyes.The high, medium and low irradiation frequencies were defined as 15 times, 10 times and 5 times, respectively, and the short and long period was defined as 30 seconds and 60 seconds each time, respectively.The right eyes were irradiated based on the grouping at a 10-minute interval.The tear secretion was detected by SchirmerⅠtest; lens opacity was assessed under the slit-lamp microscope; fundus photography was performed to evaluate the general morphology of retina; retinal function was evaluated by electroretinogram (ERG) record and the thickness of retinal outer nuclear layer was measured by histopathology examination.This study protocol was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Air Force Military Medical University (No.20181203), and the use and care of the experimental animals complied with the ARVO statement.Results:The tear secretion was 8.00(7.37, 9.00), 8.75(8.25, 9.00), 8.50(7.75, 9.50), 9.00(8.50, 9.50), 8.00(7.37, 8.75) and 8.25(7.75, 8.75) mm/5 min in the HFST group, HFLT group, MFST group, MFLT group, LFST group and LFLT group, respectively, without significant difference among the groups(χ 2=5.502, P=0.240); after laser irradiation, there were no statistically significant differences in tear secretion between the control eyes and laser-irradiated eyes in all the groups (all at P>0.05). The lenses were clear and the fundus was normal through the experimental duration in all the groups.The amplitude of ERG a-wave was significantly reduced in the HFST group in comparison with the LFST group (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in the b-wave amplitude among the six groups (F=1.358, P=0.268). The ERG a-, b-wave amplitudes were not significantly different between the control eyes and laser-irradiated eyes in various groups (both at P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the thickness of the outer nuclear layer of retina among the HFST group, HFLT group, MFST group, MFLT group, LFST group and LFLT group (F=0.952, P=0.463). Conclusions:The 500 lx laser irradiation is safe to ocular surface and lens, but there are some injuries to retinal function, and the injury degree is related to laser irradiation frequency.
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Objective To provide evidence for TCM treatment according to syndrome differentiation by studying the correlation between TCM syndromes and serum gastrin (GAS), motilin (MTL), cholecystokinin (CCK) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) levels of reflux esophagitis (RE) patients. Methods A total of 120 eligible RE patients from Dongzhimen Hospital were differentiated with TCM syndromes, and blood samples were taken to test for GAS, MTL, CCK and VIP levels. Differences between the different TCM syndromes in terms of serum gastrointestinal hormones levels were analysed. Results The male patients had the most distribution of stagnation of heat in the liver and stomach syndrome, but the female patients had the most distribution of disharmony of the liver and stomach syndrome (χ2=27.994, Ps<0.001). The Grades A, B and C were mainly associated with the obstruction of phlegm syndrome, disharmony of the liver and stomach syndrome, and stagnation of heat in the liver and stomach syndrome respectively (χ2=9.951, P=0.007). For patients with the syndrome of stagnation of heat in the liver and stomach, the serum GAS level was significantly lower than the syndrome of disharmony of the liver and stomach, the syndrome of obstruction of phlegm, the syndrome of deficiency of the center and upward flow of qi, and mixture of cold and heat syndrome (P<0.01 or P<0.05). For patients with mixture of cold and heat and patients with deficiency of qi and stagnation of blood, there was a significant raise in serum CCK level, compared to the patients with stagnation of heat in the liver and stomach, patients with disharmony of the liver and stomach, or patients with deficiency of the center and upward flow of qi (P<0.01). Compared with the patients with disharmony of the liver and stomach and patients with the syndrome of obstruction of phlegm, the serum CCK level of patients with the syndrome of deficiency of the center and upward flow of qi rose significantly (P<0.01). Compared with the patients with the syndrome of stagnation of heat in the liver and stomach, the serum MTL levels of patients with obstruction of phlegm and patients with mixture of cold and heat rose significantly (P<0.01). There was a significant raise in serum MTL level of patients with the syndrome of mixture of cold and heat compared to patients with disharmony of the liver and stomach and patients with deficiency of the center and upward flow of qi (P<0.05). Conclusions The RE patients with mixture of cold and heat, and patients with deficiency of qi and stagnation of blood, and patients with deficiency of the center and upward flow of qi may be related to the rise in CCK levels. The patients with the syndrome of stagnation of heat in the liver and stomach are related to the decrease in GAS and MTL levels.
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This study was aimed to find the relationship between lung function injured characteristic of ulcerative colitis (UC) and endoscopic index. It will verify and enrich Chinese medicine theory to guide clinical diagnosis and treatment. UC patients without respiratory system diseases were selected between September 2009 and March 2011 from several triple-A hospitals in China. Furthermore, disease history, lung function, colonoscopy and histopathology were taken. The results showed that among 171 enrolled cases, there were statistical differences in endoscopic index of residual-function and diffusion-function between the abnormal group and the normal group (P< 0.05). The resid-ual-function group was r = 0.003. There were no statistical differences in ventilatory-function and small-airway-function in the abnormal group. It was concluded that there were different types of injured lung function in UC. A-mong them, the abnormalities of residual-function and diffusion-function had strong correlation with the intestinal damage degree. The change on residual-function was more obvious.