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1.
West Indian med. j ; 68(1): 20-23, 2019. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1341837

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Background: To the modern surgeon in training, the acquisition of laparoscopic skills is essential. Laparoscopic simulators are effective, but in the often-resource-poor setting of the Caribbean, the cost of these simulators is often prohibitive. We describe the construction of a simulator which is cheap, easy to assemble and effective. It is also relatively easy to mass produce for use in training programmes across the region. Methods: The simulator was constructed using a semi-transparent plastic box. Realistic access ports were fashioned using gel-type shoe inserts, and excellent vision was achieved by mounting a high-definition camera on the inside of the box. As the box readily transmits light, a light source is not a necessity. The total cost of this unit was US$48, and construction time was approximately 30 minutes. Results: This simulator was successfully tested and subsequently reproduced with satisfactory function. Conclusion: This simulator was effective and easy to construct. It may have applications in surgical training programmes within the Caribbean region and beyond.


RESUMEN Antecedentes: El desarrollo de habilidades laparoscópicas es esencial para el cirujano moderno en su etapa de entrenamiento. Los simuladores laparoscópicos son efectivos, pero en el contexto del Caribe - frecuentemente pobre en recursos - el costo de estos simuladores es a menudo prohibitivo. Describimos la construcción de un simulador de bajo costo, eficaz, y de fácil montaje. También es relativamente fácil su producción masiva para uso en los programas de entrenamiento en toda la región. Métodos: El simulador fue construido usando una caja plástica semitransparente. Puertos de acceso realistas fueron modelados usando plantillas de gel ortopédicas, y se logró una excelente visión montando un cámara de alta definición en el interior de la caja. Como la caja transmite fácilmente la luz, no se necesita una fuente luminosa. El costo total de esta unidad fue de 48 USD, y el tiempo de construcción fue aproximadamente 30 minutos. Resultados: Este simulador fue probado con éxito y posteriormente reproducido con función satisfactoria. Conclusión: El simulador fue eficaz y fácil de construir. Puede tener aplicaciones en los programas de entrenamiento quirúrgico en el Caribe y otras regiones.


Assuntos
Humanos , Laparoscopia/educação , Laparoscopia/instrumentação , Desenho de Equipamento , Treinamento por Simulação/métodos
2.
Indian J Cancer ; 2014 Oct-Dec; 51(4): 538-541
Artigo em Inglês | IMSEAR | ID: sea-172541

RESUMO

INTRODUTION: The incidence of colorectal cancer in India is lower compared to the Western world. In Western countries, most cases of colorectal cancer are sporadic and the hereditary variety accounts for only 10‑15% of all cases. The aim of the present review is to determine the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of hereditary colorectal cancer in India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A Medline search was conducted to review the literature published from India regarding colorectal cancer. The keywords used included India, colorectal cancer, hereditary nonpolyposis, and familial adenomatous polyposis. All relevant articles were reviewed and the characteristic features of this disease in Indian population were collated and presented. RESULTS: Literature search revealed eighty two articles pertinent to India, of which only ten articles had relevant information on hereditary cancers. Although the overall incidence of colorectal cancer was low in both genders, there were a high proportion of patients developing colorectal cancer before the age of 45 years. Additionally, there was a higher proportion (10‑15%) of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer cases, as confirmed by microsatellite instability. CONCLUSION: The overall incidence of colorectal cancer is low in India. There is a tendency to affect a relatively younger age group, and we infer that the incidence of hereditary colorectal cancer is high and is similar to the Western countries.

3.
West Indian med. j ; 61(4): 467-471, July 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-672937

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The first world witnessed a laparoscopic revolution in the 1990s. At the start, laparoscopic surgery was heavily criticized and ridiculed. Despite this, the specialty has blossomed where almost any procedure can be done laparoscopically with the now obvious tremendous benefit to the patients. The objective of this paper is to examine where the Caribbean is placed relative to the rest of the world in terms of laparoscopic surgery and to understand why we are here. DESIGN AND METHODS: The literature written on laparoscopy in the region was reviewed and contributions were taken from key surgeons in three main islands, Trinidad and Tobago, Barbados and Jamaica. RESULTS: Though the first laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the Caribbean, in most islands, took place in the early 1990s like the rest of the world, there was relative dormancy for at least a decade in Trinidad and Tobago and even longer in other islands with regards to implementing advanced procedures or increasing case volumes. Reasons for this included lack of funding, lack of operating time in public facilities, lack of information of the public and the medical fraternity but most importantly lack of trained laparoscopic surgeons. This last factor was proven to be the key one in Trinidad and Tobago in 2003, Jamaica 2005 and Barbados 2011/12, when the return of trained personel engineered the transition from basic to advanced laparoscopy. CONCLUSION: Despite the delay of approximately 10 years in Trinidad and Tobago and 15 years in other islands, the return of trained surgeons has seen a rapid increase in case variety and volumes in laparoscopy. The wheels of motion of the laparoscopic revolution in the Caribbean have finally begun.


OBJETIVO: El primer mundo fue testigo de una revolución laparoscópica en los años 1990. Al comienzo, la cirugía laparoscópica fue muy criticada y ridiculizada. A pesar de ello, la especialidad ha florecido, siendo el caso que ahora casi cualquier procedimiento puede hacerse laparoscópicamente, con evidentes grandes beneficios para los pacientes. El objetivo de este trabajo es examinar donde se encuentra el Caribe en relación con el resto del mundo en lo que se refiere a la cirugía laparoscópica, y asimismo el por qué nos hallamos en ese lugar. DISEÑO Y MÉTODOS: Se examinó la literatura sobre laparoscopia escrita en la región, y se tomaron contribuciones de cirujanos claves de tres islas principales, a saber, Trinidad y Tobago, Barbados y Jamaica. RESULTADOS: Aunque las primeras colecistectomías laparoscópicas en la mayoría de las islas del Caribe, tuvieron lugar a principio de los años 1990 como en el resto del mundo, hubo un período de relativa inactividad por espacio de casi una década en Trinidad y Tobago, y aun por más largo tiempo en otras islas, en relación con la implementación de procedimientos avanzados o el aumento del volumen de casos. Las razones para esta relativa inactividad incluyeron la falta de fondos, la falta de tiempo de operación de los centros públicos, la falta de información del público y la fraternidad médica, pero sobre todo la falta de cirujanos entrenados en laparoscopia. Esto ultimo resultó ser el factor clave en Trinidad y Tobago en 2003, Jamaica en 2005 y Barbados en 2011/12, cuando el regreso del personal entrenado hizo técnicamente posible la transición de una laparoscopia básica a una avanzada. CONCLUSIÓN: A pesar de la demora de aproximadamente 10 años en Trinidad and Tobago, y de 15 años en las otras islas, el regreso de los cirujanos entrenados ha visto un rápido aumento en la variedad casos y los volúmenes de laparoscopia. El motor de la revolución laparoscópica en el Caribe ha por fin echado a andar.


Assuntos
História do Século XX , Humanos , Cirurgia Geral/educação , Laparoscopia/história , Colecistectomia Laparoscópica/história , Laparoscopia/educação , Índias Ocidentais
4.
Indian J Cancer ; 2011 Jul-Sept; 48(3): 345-350
Artigo em Inglês | IMSEAR | ID: sea-144493

RESUMO

Sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) are the nodes in direct communication with the primary tumor and are therefore the first group of nodes to be involved in lymphatic metastasis. Though the role of SLN biopsy is well established in cancers of the breast and melanoma, its role in gastrointestinal malignancies is still evolving and controversial. In this paper, the literature is reviewed with respect to the status of SLN biopsy in gastrointestinal malignancies.

5.
Electron. j. biotechnol ; 14(1): 8-9, Jan. 2011. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-591926

RESUMO

Transcriptomic studies of marine organisms are still in their infancy. A partial, subtracted expressed sequence tag (EST) library of the Caribbean octocoral Erythropodium caribaeorum and the sea fan Gorgonia ventalina has been analyzed in order to find novel genes or differences in gene expression related to potential secondary metabolite production or symbioses. This approach entails enrichment for potential non-“housekeeping” genes using the suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. More than 500 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were generated after cloning SSH products, which yielded at least 53 orthologous groups of proteins (COGs) and Pfam clusters, including transcription factors (Drosophila Big Brother), catalases, reverse transcriptases, ferritins and various “hypothetical” protein sequences. A total of 591 EST sequences were deposited into GenBank [dbEST: FL512138 - FL512331, GH611838, and HO061755-HO062154]. The results represent proof of concept for enrichment of unique transcripts over housekeeping genes, such as actin or ribosomal genes, which comprised approximately 17 percent of the total dataset. Due to the gene and sequence diversity of some ESTs, such sequences can find utility as molecular markers in current and future studies of this species and other soft coral biogeography, chemical ecology, phylogenetics, and evolution.


Assuntos
Animais , DNA Complementar/análise , DNA Complementar/fisiologia , Antozoários/genética , Antozoários/química , /análise , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos
6.
West Indian med. j ; 58(1): 8-12, Jan. 2009. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-672429

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to establish baseline data for a procedure that has yet to be defined within a Caribbean population. Using a specifically designed postoperative questionnaire, symptomatology and quality of life were assessed before and after laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. METHODS: Twenty-three consecutive patients of the same surgeon were identified. The questionnaires measured the symptoms and social and emotional functioning, assigning each a score for comparative purposes. The cumulative score was considered the ultimate index of overall quality of life. Wilcoxon matched pairs test was used to analyse the data. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 47.5 years. There were 21 females and 2 males. Heartburn (78.3%) and regurgitation (60.8%) were the main symptoms. Postoperatively, these decreased to 17.3% and 4.3% respectively, with significant declines in other complaints such as dysphagia and nausea. The social and emotional functioning score had an average of 13.2 preoperatively; this increased to 18.3, postoperatively, out of a possible maximum of 20. None of the procedures had to be converted to open laparotomy and mean operating time was 108 minutes. Mean follow-up time was 9.7 months. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication does provide significant improvement in overall quality of life among patients with gastrointestinal symptoms and can be performed effectively within a Caribbean setting.


OBJETIVO: El propósito de este estudio fue establecer los datos básicos para un procedimiento que tiene que ser definido todavía en el contexto de una población caribeña. Usando una encuesta postoperatoria específicamente diseñada, la sintomatología y la calidad de vida fueron evaluadas antes y después de la fundoplicación laparoscópica de Nissen. MÉTODOS: Se identificaron veintitrés pacientes consecutivos del mismo cirujano. Las encuestas midieron los síntomas así como el funcionamiento social y emocional, asignando a cada uno una puntuación a fin de establecer comparaciones. La puntuación cumulativa fue considerada el índice final de la calidad general de vida. La prueba de pares equiparados de Wilcoxon se usó para analizar los datos. RESULTADOS: La edad promedio de los pacientes (21 hembras y 2 varones) fue 47.5 años. La acidez estomacal (78.3%) y la regurgitación (60.8%) fueron los síntomas principales. Postoperatoriamente, éstos disminuyeron a 17.3% y 4.3% respectivamente, con disminuciones significativas en el caso de otras dolencias, tales como la disfagia y la náusea. La puntuación del funcionamiento social y emocional tuvo un promedio de 13.2 preoperatoriamente. Este aumentó a 18.3 postoperatoriamente, de un máximo posible de 20. Ninguno de los procedimientos tuvo que ser convertido a laparotomía abierta y el tiempo promedio de operación fue de 108 minutos. El tiempo promedio de seguimiento fue de 9.7 meses. CONCLUSIÓN: La fundoplicación laparoscópica de Nissen proporciona un mejoramiento significativo de la calidad general de vida entre los pacientes con síntomas GI y puede realizarse de modo efectivo en un contexto caribeño.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fundoplicatura/métodos , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/cirurgia , Qualidade de Vida , Fundoplicatura/psicologia , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/psicologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estatísticas não Paramétricas
7.
West Indian med. j ; 57(5): 486-489, Nov. 2008. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-672404

RESUMO

The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness with which Heller's myotomy can be performed laparoscopically in a Caribbean setting as a treatment for achalasia. Sixteen consecutive patients treated by the same surgeon were studied. Postoperative questionnaires that assessed symptomatology, complications and overall patient satisfaction with the procedure were utilized. The mean length of myotomy was 6cm and none was converted to an open procedure. The mean age of the eleven female and five male patients was 38.4 years. The mean duration of follow-up was 16.7 months. Symptoms showed an overall 71.2% improvement postoperatively (p < 0.001). Fifteen patients reported being satisfied with their operation with only one being dissatisfied. Intra-operative complications occurred in three patients. Estimated blood-loss (EBL) was minimal in each case. Intra- and postoperative mortality was zero. Laparoscopic Heller's myotomy can be effectively performed in local settings and should be considered as an alternative to the open approach in the treatment of all surgically-fit achalasia patients.


El objetivo de este estudio es examinar la efectividad con que la miotomía de Heller puede realizarse laparoscópicamente en un contexto caribeño como tratamiento para la acalasia. Se estudiaron dieciséis pacientes consecutivos, tratados por el mismo cirujano. Se utilizaron cuestionarios postoperatorios que evaluaron la sintomatología, las complicaciones y la satisfacción general del paciente con el procedimiento. La longitud promedio de la miotomía fue 6 cm y ninguno se convirtió en un procedimiento abierto. La edad promedio de las once pacientes hembra y los cinco pacientes varones fue 38.4 años. La duración promedio del seguimiento fue 16.7 meses. Los síntomas mostraron una mejora global de 71.2% postoperatoriamente (p < 0.001). Quince pacientes informaron estar satisfechos con su operación, en tanto que sólo uno manifestó descontento. Complicaciones intraoperatorias y postoperatorias ocurrieron en tres pacientes. La pérdida de sangre estimada (PSE) fue mínima en cada caso. La mortalidad, tanto intraoperatoria como postoperatoria, fue cero. La miotomía de Heller por vía laparoscópica puede realizarse de manera efectiva en escenarios locales y debe ser considerada como una alternativa al abordaje abierto en el tratamiento de todos los pacientes de acalasia sometibles a cirugía.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Acalasia Esofágica/cirurgia , Laparoscopia/métodos , Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , Satisfação do Paciente , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Estudos Prospectivos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Trinidad e Tobago
8.
West Indian med. j ; 54(2): 110-115, Mar. 2005.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-410040

RESUMO

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (LC) is compared to the Open and Minilap approaches in a Cost Minimization Analysis for public hospitals in Trinidad and Tobago. The analysis shows that despite the high initial equipment cost required to perform LC, substantial savings can be achieved at the hospital level by converting from a minilap or open regime to a laparoscopic regime for cholecystectomy. Because of the reduced recovery period for the patient, LC represents further savings to other sectors of the economy as patients return to work much earlier after LC than after the other two approaches


La colecistectomía laparoscópica (CL) es comparado aquí con la cirugía abierta y la mini-laparotomía en un análisis de minimización de costos para los hospitales públicos en Trinidad y Tobago. El análisis muestra que a pesar del alto costo inicial del equipo requerido para realizar la CL, pueden lograrse ahorros sustanciales a nivel de hospital mediante la conversión del régimen de minilaparotomía o el de cirugía abierta a un régimen laparoscópico en la realización de la cole-cistectomía. En virtud de la reducción del periodo de recuperación de los pacientes, la CL representa ahorros ulteriores en otros sectores de la economía, ya que los pacientes regresan a sus trabajos en un espacio de tiempo mucho más corto, en comparación con lo que ocurre con las otras dos vías de acceso.


Assuntos
Humanos , Colecistectomia Laparoscópica/economia , Custos Hospitalares , Hospitais Públicos/economia , Modelos Econômicos , Custos Hospitalares/estatística & dados numéricos , Custos e Análise de Custo , Doenças da Vesícula Biliar/economia , Doenças da Vesícula Biliar/cirurgia , Trinidad e Tobago
9.
West Indian med. j ; 44(1): 24-7, Mar. 1995.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-149658

RESUMO

The enzyme glycoxalase I (glyox I) is involved in metabolic detoxification, and requires glutathione (GSH) as a cofactor. Given the low concentration of whole blood GSH in children with oedematous malnutrition, it is possible that the function of this pathway may be compromised in these children. Glyox I activity was therfore assayed in erythocytes taken from 133 severely malnourished children and 21 age-matched controls. The mean values (ñSEM) for the marasmic group (marasmus: 105 ñ 4/u/gm Hb) and the group with kwashiorkor (Kwash: 103 ñ 4/u/gm Hb) were not significantly different from controls (cont: 104 ñ 2u/gm HB)>. In the group with marasmic-kwashiorkor (M-K: 88 ñ 4u/g Hb) Glyox I activity was significantly lower in controls (p < 0.005), as well as in children with marasmus (p < 0.005), and kwashiorkor (p < 0.05). Enzyme activity was lower than normal in 45 per cent of the MK group. Seven children died subsequent to admission; in five cases Glyox I activities were exceedingly low. There was a weak positive correlation between Glyox I activity and whole blood levels of GSH (r=0.215). We conclude that Glyox I activity is relatively unaffected in malnutrition, except in those with M-K and especially those who do not survive the acutely malnourished state


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica/enzimologia , Eritrócitos/enzimologia , Lactoilglutationa Liase , /enzimologia , Kwashiorkor/enzimologia , Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica/complicações , Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica/metabolismo
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