Recognition of Nutritional Labeling and Intake Status of Processed Foods and Snacks among High School Students in Incheon

This study sought to analyze the need for nutritional education to enhance the selection of desirable foods by adolescents. A total of 480 high school students in Incheon were surveyed and their responses were analyzed for the recognition of nutrition labeling and their consumption of processed foods and snacks. Almost all the students (93.1%) recognized nutrition labeling, but 54.6% rarely checked the nutrition labeling. The nutrients recognized as important in the nutrition label of processed foods were total fat/saturated fat/trans fat (3.75 out of 5), calories (3.68), and sodium (3.67) in that order. The recognition of the importance of calories was significantly higher in female students compared to male students (3.78 vs. 3.58, P＜0.05). The information identified as important were the date of manufacture and expiration (4.21 out of 5), price (4.14), and the nutrition label (3.15). The preference for processed foods was highest in the order of beverages (4.03 out of 5), noodles (4.02), and frozen desserts (3.97), and the preference of females for processed foods was significantly higher than males (P＜0.001). The time when snacks were most frequently consumed were before going to the academy (21.0%), after school (19.4%), and after attending private institutes (15.0%). The main reasons for using processed foods as snacks were taste (44.4%), ‘no time to eat a meal’ (26.4%), and low price (17.7%). In conclusion, while students mostly recognized nutrition labeling, the actual usage rate was low, and snacks were selected and consumed instead of meals for reasons such as attending academic institutes after school. Thus, to encourage the choice of proper processed foods and snacks for adolescents, practical nutrition education using nutrition labeling is needed.

Piperlongumine suppressed osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 macrophages

Piperlongumine (PL) is a natural product found in long pepper (Piper longum). The pharmacological effects of PL are well known, and it has been used for pain, hepatoprotection, and asthma in Oriental medicine. No studies have examined the effects of PL on bone tissue or bone-related diseases, including osteoporosis. The current study investigated for the first time the inhibitory effects of PL on osteoclast differentiation, bone resorption, and osteoclastogenesis-related factors in RAW264.7 macrophages stimulated by the receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL). Cytotoxicity was examined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption were confirmed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and pit formation analysis. Osteoclast differentiation factors were confirmed by western blotting. PL exhibited toxicity in RAW264.7 macrophages, inhibiting osteoclast formation and bone resorption, in addition to inhibiting the expression of osteoclastogenesis-related factors, such as tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), c-Fos, and NFATc1, in RANKL-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. These findings suggest that PL is suitable for the treatment of osteoporosis, and it serves as a potential therapeutic agent for various bone diseases.

Impact of Traumatic Events and Resilience on the Professional Quality of Life among Clinical Nurses / 재활간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was to determine the impacts of traumatic events and resilience on the professional quality of life (ProQoL) among clinical nurses. METHODS: In this cross-sectional correlational descriptive study, 325 nurses completed questionnaires of traumatic events, resilience, and ProQoL consisted of compassion satisfaction (CS) and compassion fatigue (CF). Data were analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis and hierarchical regression. RESULTS: Traumatic events positively correlated with CF. Resilience positively correlated with CS and negatively correlated with CF. In this study, multivariate analysis showed that traumatic events and resilience explained 24% of the variance in CS and 7% of the variance in CF. CONCLUSION: A nursing education to enhance resilience and recognition of CS and CF from stressful work-related traumatic events may benefit to improve the professional quality of life for clinical nurses.

Study of chemical components from Lianhua Qingwen Capsule (I) / 中草药

Objective To study the chemical constituents of Lianhua Qingwen Capsule (LQC). Methods The compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatography over silica gel and sephadex LH-20, and preparative RP-HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by physicochemical properties and spectral analyses. Results Twenty compounds were isolated and identified as aloe-emodin (1), phillygenol (2), cepharanone B (3), pinoresinol (4), epipinoresinol (5), pinoresinol monomethyl ether (6), piperolactam A (7), (E)-ethyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acrylate (8), formononetin (9), isoliquiritigenin (10), naringenin (11), kaempferol (12), citreorosein (13), rhein (14), physcion-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (15), 4,5-dioxodehydroasimilobine (16), kaempferol-3-O-α- L-ramnopyranosyl-4″-O-E-(4-hydroxy)-cinnamoyl (17), chrysophanol-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (18), chrysophanol-8-O-β-D- glucopyranoside (19), and emodin-8- O-β-D-glucopyranoside (20). Conclusion Compounds 2, 3, 5-17, 19, and 20 are isolated from LQC for the first time. This study establishes the foundation for explaining the efficient substance of LQC.

Treatment of Severe Pregnancy Rhinitis Using Microdebrider-Assisted Inferior Turbinoplasty: A Case Report

Pregnancy rhinitis is a relatively common condition. It is characterized by the presence of nasal symptoms, especially nasal congestion, not present prior to pregnancy, but typically present during the last 6 or more weeks of pregnancy, without other signs of respiratory tract infection or any known allergic causes, and disappearing completely within 2 weeks after delivery. Nasal saline irrigation, intranasal steroid spray, and oral antihistamines are usually recommended as the first line of treatment for rhinitis. However, most pregnant women refuse medical treatment for pregnancy rhinitis because of the fear of teratogenicity. Severe pregnancy rhinitis increases the risk of snoring, which has been suggested as having adverse effects on the fetus. In cases where the patients are unable to control their symptoms, pregnancy rhinitis can negatively affect the quality of life (QOL) as well as the pregnancy outcome. Therefore, special caution is required for determining the appropriate diagnosis and treatment modalities for pregnancy rhinitis. Here, we report for the first time, the successful treatment of pregnancy rhinitis that was unresponsive to conservative management and medical therapy by using microdebrider-assisted inferior turbinoplasty at the final stages of pregnancy, along with a review of the relevant literature.

Full Thickness Skin Expansion ex vivo in a Newly Developed Reactor and Evaluation of Auto-Grafting Efficiency of the Expanded Skin Using Yucatan Pig Model

BACKGROUND: Skin grafts are required in numerous clinical procedures, such as reconstruction after skin removal and correction of contracture or scarring after severe skin loss caused by burns, accidents, and trauma. The current standard for skin defect replacement procedures is the use of autologous skin grafts. However, donor-site tissue availability remains a major obstacle for the successful replacement of skin defects and often limits this option. The aim of this study is to effectively expand full thickness skin to clinically useful size using an automated skin reactor and evaluate auto grafting efficiency of the expanded skin using Yucatan female pigs. METHODS: We developed an automated bioreactor system with the functions of real-time monitoring and remote-control, optimization of grip, and induction of skin porosity for effective tissue expansion. We evaluated the morphological, ultra-structural, and mechanical properties of the expanded skin before and after expansion using histology, immunohistochemistry, and tensile testing. We further carried out in vivo grafting study using Yucatan pigs to investigate the feasibility of this method in clinical application. RESULTS: The results showed an average expansion rate of 180%. The histological findings indicated that external expansion stimulated cellular activity in the isolated skin and resulted in successful grafting to the transplanted site. Specifically, hyperplasia did not appear at the auto-grafted site, and grafted skin appeared similar to normal skin. Furthermore, mechanical stimuli resulted in an increase in COL1A2 expression in a suitable environment. CONCLUSION: These findings provided insight on the potential of this expansion system in promoting dermal extracellular matrix synthesis in vitro. Conclusively, this newly developed smart skin bioreactor enabled effective skin expansion ex vivo and successful grafting in vivo in a pig model.

Comparison of Three-Dimensional Accuracy between Digital Models Obtained from Impression Scan and Model Scan / 대한치과재료학회지

The purpose of the study is to compare and analyze the accuracy of digital images obtained from impression and stone model with model scanner and to find out clinical effectiveness. A mandibular left first molar composite resin tooth was made for abutment. Digital models were obtained with a same model scanner(Ceramill Map 400, Amann Girrbach, Austria); (1) Fabricated resin model was scanned(Group C). (2) 10 impressions were taken with putty and polyvinyl siloxane, then were scanned (Group I). (3) Type IV stone was poured in each impressions made in step(2) and 10 stone models were scanned(Group S). 3 dimensional super-impositional program (Geomagic control X, 3D Systems, USA) was used to analyze the STL files. Stone model scan(Group S) showed lower deviation than impression scan(Group I) compared to the control group(P < 0.001). Both Group I and Group S showed signs of expansion in the occlusion surface and margin surface while showing contraction in the axial surface. The deviations were smaller in order of occlusal plane, horizontal plane of margin and axial plane. Within the limited boundary of this study, the digital model obtained from stone model scan showed smaller deviation than the digital model obtained from impression scan.

Detection and analysis of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T gene polymorphisms and serum homocysteine levels among 2 066 pregnant women / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective To investigate the distribution of methyleneterahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T gene polymorphisms and serum homocysteine (Hcy) levels in pregnant women. Method A total of 2 066 women with singleton pregnancies undergoing prenatal examinations in the Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Huzhou from January 2017 to October 2017 were recruited for the study.The MTHFR C677T genotype was detected by PCR-fluorescence probing, and the serum Hcy levels were detected by the cyclic enzyme method. According to the MTHFR C677T genotype detection analysis, the results were divided into the CC-type, CT-type, and TT-type groups. Statistical analyses were performed using the Hardy-Weinberg genetic equilibrium test, chi-square test, variance analysis, and t test. Result Among the 2066 pregnant women, the CC, CT, and TT genotype frequencies for the MTHFR C677T gene were 39.35%,46.52%,and 14.13%,respectively.The Cand T allele frequencies were 62.61% and 37.39%, respectively. The statistical significance values for the Shanxi, Zibo, Shanghai, Suzhou, Shangzhi, Xi'an, Huizhou, and Nanning areas were as follows: χ2=161.999, 166.083; 111.005, 112.517; 416.146, 441.245;14.262,14.23;36.368,35.871;199.498,204.771;19.641,16.377;and 66.79,61.593,respectively;P<0.05. The level of serum Hcy was(7.48±2.20)μmol/L,and the abnormal rate was 3.53%.The level of serum Hcy and the abnormal rate among the 3 genotypes were distributed as follows: TT>CT>CC. The difference was statistically significant(F=120.968, χ2=52.572, P=0.000). Conclusion The distribution of genotype frequencies for MTHFR C667T in 2 066 pregnant women was different in various geographical regions.The level of serum Hcy was associated with the MTHFR C677T gene. Observing MTHFR C677T gene polymorphisms and serum Hcy levels is helpful for monitoring and guiding folic acid supplementation during pregnancy,and establishing reasonable individual health preventive measures.It is an important method to improve the quality of life of the offspring and the family happiness index.

Transformation pathways in methanol of echinacoside, a principal effective ingredient of Cistanches Herba / 中国中药杂志

Echinacoside (ECH) is one of the active ingredients in Cistanche Herba and the principal effective component of Memoregain© as well. Moreover, a new agent namely Naoqing Zhiming tablet, derived from ECH has been licensed for clinical trials. However, the knowledge regarding the stability of is limited, till now, initiating a significant barrier for its further development along with the clinical trials. Herein, we aim to in depth characterize the transformation pattern of ECH in methanol. When ECH was stored in methanol, two primary products (P1 and P2) could be observed in HPLC chromatogram. A home-made automated fraction collector was configured via employing two 2-phase/6-port electronic valves to prepare P1 and P2. Following ¹H-NMR and LC-MS/MS assays, P1 and P2 were unambiguously identified as acteoside and cistanoside A, respectively. Moreover, the existences of cis-ECH, cis-acteoside, and cis-cistanoside A were claimed after careful analysis of the ¹H-NMR spectra of ECH, P1 and P2. Above all, the primary transformation pathways of ECH in methanol included methylation as well as hydrolysis, and mild transformation could also be initiated by cis/trans- configuration transferring for the caffeoyl group. The findings obtained in current study are envisioned to provide useful insight for the further development of ECH and the impurity detection of Naoqing Zhiming tablet. Moreover, the automated fraction collector configured in current study is able to serve as a versatile tool for the collection of signals-of-interest within phytochemical evaluations and impurity isolation.

Luteolin Induces Apoptosis via Mitochondrial Pathway and Inhibits Invasion and Migration of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Suppressing Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Induced Transcription Factors

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of oral malignancy. Numerous therapies have been proposed for its cure. Research is continually being conducted to develop new forms of treatment as current therapies are associated with numerous side-effects. Luteolin, a common dietary flavonoid, has been demonstrated to possess strong anti-cancer activity against various human cancer cell lines. Nevertheless, research into luteolin-based anticancer activity against oral cancer remains scarce. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the effect of luteolin as an anti-cancer agent. After treatment with luteolin, Ca9-22 and CAL-27 oral cancer cells showed condensed nuclei and enhanced apoptotic rate with evidence of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT) is closely related to tumor migration and invasion. Luteolin suppressed cancer cell invasion and migration in the current study. Elevated expression of E-cadherin, an adherens junction protein, was evident in both cell lines after luteolin treatment. Luteolin also significantly inhibited transcription factors (i.e., N-cadherin, Slug, Snail, Twist, and ZEB-1) that regulated expression of tumor suppressors such as E-cadherin based on Western blot analysis and quantitative PCR. Thus, luteolin could induce mitochondrial apoptosis and inhibit cancer cell invasion and migration by suppressing EMT-induced transcription factors.

Thyroid function screening within 20 weeks gestation / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective To investigate the prevalence of thyroid diseases in women within 20-week gestation,and to discuss necessity of thyroid diseases screening in women within 20-week gestation.Methods 4986 singleton pregnant women performing prenatal examination in the Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Huzhou were recruited into this study.TSH,FT4,and TPOAb levels were detected with ABBOTT ARCHITECT i4000SR.Results ① The median value of TSH rised,the median value of FT4 went down with increase of the gestational weeks.There was significant difference of median value of TSH and FT4 between early and second trimester of pregnancy(P＜0.01).② Rate of abnormal thyroid function was 12.88％,which was higher in the sec ond trimester of pregnancy than that in early pregnancy,and the difference had statistical significance (P＜0.05).③ Positive rate of TPOAb in pregnant women was 11.41％.TPOAb levels were positively correlated with TSH,and no correlation with FT.TSH levels were negatively correlated with FT4.Prevalance of clinical hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism in TPOAb positive group was significantly higher than that in TPOAb negative group,and the difference had significant difference (P＜0.05).Conclusions Prevalence of thyroid diseases during pregnancy is high.TPOAb is a risk factor and important predictor for hypothyroidism during pregnancy.It is very necessary to perform thyroid diseases screening for pregnant women as early as possible to ensure safety of pregnant women and their babies.

Icaritin, a Flavonoid Derived from the Herb Epimedium, Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of MC3T3-E1 Cells

Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease that is characterized by low bone mass resulting from an increase in bone resorption relative to bone formation. The most current therapies for osteoporosis have focused on inhibiting bone resorption by osteoclasts. The purpose of this study is to develop new anabolic agents for treatment of osteoporosis that have fewer risks compared to conventional therapies. We searched the natural products that were derived from the traditional Asian medicines which have been used for treatment of bone related diseases. Icaritin is a flavonoid glycoside derived from the herb Epimedium which has beneficial effects on bone formation. To determine the effect of icaritin on bone formation, we examined the effect of icaritin on MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and differentiation. For determining the effects of icaritin on proliferation, we performed the MTT assay using MC3T3-E1 cells. To evaluate whether icaritin could promote the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mRNA expressions of Runx2, osteocalcin (OCN), RANKL, and osteoprotegerin (OPG) were determined. Icaritin increased MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation. Icaritin increased the ALP activity of MC3T3-E1 cells on 72 hour culture in osteogenic media. mRNA expression of Runx2 was increased after 24 hour culture with icaritin. mRNA expression of osteocalcin was increased after 72 hour culture with icaritin. In addition, icaritin increased the mRNA expressions of OPG and RANKL. However, icaritin increased the mRNA expression of OPG much more than that of RANKL, and then, it increased the OPG/RANKL ratio. These results suggest that icaritin promotes osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts and decreases osteoclast formation regulated by osteoblasts.

Study on UPLC Fingerprints of Lianhua Qingwen Capsules / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To study and establish the UPLC fingerprints of Lianhua Qingwen Capsules. Methods The samples were separated with a Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) by linear gradient elution. The wavelength for detection was set at 239 nm; mobile phase was set at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min;the column temperature was set at 30 ℃. Results UPLC fingerprints of Lianhua Qingwen Capsules were established with 32 common peaks. 9 of 32 common peaks were identified, including neochlorogenic acid (peak No.4, source from Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Houttuyniae Herba), chlorogenic acid (peak No.6, source from Forsythiae Fructus, Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Houttuyniae Herba), cryptochlorogenic acid (peak No.8, source from Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Houttuyniae Herba), isoforsythiaside A (peak No.15, source from Forsythiae Fructus), forsythoside A (peak No.20, source from Forsythiae Fructus), quercitrin (peak No.23, source from Houttuyniae Herba), isochlorogenic acid C (peak No.24, source from Lonicerae Japonicae Flos), phillyrin (peak No.26, source from Forsythiae Fructus), glycyrrhizic acid (peak No.31, source from Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma). The similarities in 10 batches of Lianhua Qingwen Capsules samples were all above 0.96. Conclusion The method is with good precision, repeatability and stability, which can be used as a new means for the quality control of Lianhua Qingwen Capsules.

Efficacy Observation of Electroacupuncture at the Three Groups of Stomach-Meridian Acupoints for Chronic Superficial Gastritis / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of electroacupuncture (EA) at the three groups of Stomach- Meridian acupoints in treating chronic superficial gastritis (CSG) and its effect on serum gastrin level and electrogastrogram, for providing clinical evidence for the experimental result of the three groups of Stomach-Meridian acupoints.Method Sixty-six CSG patients were divided into a treatment group and a control group by using stratified random method, 33 cases in each group. The treatment group was intervened by EA at the three groups of Stomach-Meridian acupoints, while the control group was intervened by EA with ordinary acupoints selection. The intervention was given once a day, successive 6 sessions as a treatment course, for 4 courses in total. The CSG symptoms and syndrome score, serum gastrin content, average amplitude of electrogastrogram, mean waveform frequency, and the percentage of gastric dysrhythmias were observed before and after the intervention, and the clinical efficacies were compared.Result The total effective rate was 90.9％ in the treatment group, versus 87.9％ in the control group, and the between-group difference was statistically insignificant (P>0.05). The total scores dropped significantly in both groups after the treatment (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in comparing the total score between the two groups after the treatment (P>0.05). The serum gastrin contents declined significantly in both groups after the intervention (P<0.05), and there was no significant between-group difference in comparing the serum gastrin content after the treatment (P>0.05); the average amplitude and mean waveform frequency of preprandial and postprandial electrogastrogram increased significantly in both groups after the treatment (P<0.05), and the percentage of gastric dysrhythmias dropped significantly (P<0.05); after the treatment, there were no significant between-group differences in comparing the average amplitude, mean waveform frequency and the percentage of gastric dysrhy- thmias of preprandial and postprandial electrogastrogram (P>0.05).Conclusion EA at the three groups of Stomach- Meridian acupoints can effectively improve the symptoms, down-regulate serum gastrin, help gastric motility, and restore gastric rhythm of CSG patients; its efficacy is equivalent to that of the classic acupoints group, i.e. Neiguan (PC6), Zhongwan (CV 12), and Zusanli (ST 36).

Efficacy Observation of Electroacupuncture at the Three Groups of Stomach-Meridian Acupoints for Chronic Superficial Gastritis / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of electroacupuncture (EA) at the three groups of Stomach- Meridian acupoints in treating chronic superficial gastritis (CSG) and its effect on serum gastrin level and electrogastrogram, for providing clinical evidence for the experimental result of the three groups of Stomach-Meridian acupoints.Method Sixty-six CSG patients were divided into a treatment group and a control group by using stratified random method, 33 cases in each group. The treatment group was intervened by EA at the three groups of Stomach-Meridian acupoints, while the control group was intervened by EA with ordinary acupoints selection. The intervention was given once a day, successive 6 sessions as a treatment course, for 4 courses in total. The CSG symptoms and syndrome score, serum gastrin content, average amplitude of electrogastrogram, mean waveform frequency, and the percentage of gastric dysrhythmias were observed before and after the intervention, and the clinical efficacies were compared.Result The total effective rate was 90.9％ in the treatment group, versus 87.9％ in the control group, and the between-group difference was statistically insignificant (P>0.05). The total scores dropped significantly in both groups after the treatment (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in comparing the total score between the two groups after the treatment (P>0.05). The serum gastrin contents declined significantly in both groups after the intervention (P<0.05), and there was no significant between-group difference in comparing the serum gastrin content after the treatment (P>0.05); the average amplitude and mean waveform frequency of preprandial and postprandial electrogastrogram increased significantly in both groups after the treatment (P<0.05), and the percentage of gastric dysrhythmias dropped significantly (P<0.05); after the treatment, there were no significant between-group differences in comparing the average amplitude, mean waveform frequency and the percentage of gastric dysrhy- thmias of preprandial and postprandial electrogastrogram (P>0.05).Conclusion EA at the three groups of Stomach- Meridian acupoints can effectively improve the symptoms, down-regulate serum gastrin, help gastric motility, and restore gastric rhythm of CSG patients; its efficacy is equivalent to that of the classic acupoints group, i.e. Neiguan (PC6), Zhongwan (CV 12), and Zusanli (ST 36).

Management of Attic Cholesteatoma While Preserving Intact Ossicular Chain; “Modified Bondy Technique” vs. “Canal Wall Up Mastoidectomy with Tympanoplasty Type I & Scutumplasty” / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical outcomes of two surgical techniques-modified Bondy technique and canal wall up mastoidectomy with tympanoplasty type I and scutumplasty (CWUM/T1)-to remove attic cholesteatoma while preserving ossicular chain intact. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: A retrospective study was performed on 23 surgical cases for the attic cholesteatoma with postoperative audiometry data of more than six months after surgery. The patients' postoperative clinical features and audiometric results were compared between the two surgical groups. RESULTS: Out of 23 patients, CWUM/T1 was performed in 13 cases and modified Bondy technique was used in 10 cases. There were no significant differences for the preoperative and postoperative audiograms between the two groups. But air-bone gap increased significantly after CWUM/T1 while it decreased after modified Bondy technique. Three cases with postoperative problems were seen after CWUM/T1 (recurrent cholesteatoma, pars tensa adhesion, recurrent otitis media with effusion). Two cases with postoperative problems were found after modified Bondy technique (mild attic retraction, pars tensa retraction). CONCLUSION: Both surgical techniques seem to be adequate to treat attic cholesteatoma while preserving intact ossicular chain. Given good postoperative hearing results and stability of open cavity against recidivism, the modified Bondy technique seems to be a good choice for the attic cholesteatoma with intact ossicular chain when mastoid is not highly pneumatized.

Content Determination of Amygdalin in the Lianhua Qingwen Capsule by HPLC / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the content determination of amygdalin in Lianhua qingwen capsule. METH-ODS:HPLC was performed on the column of Phenomenex Kinetex XB-C18 with mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.2%Phosphoric acid so-lution(6∶94,V/V)at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 207 nm,column temperature was 30℃,and the injec-tion volume was 10μl. RESULTS:The linear range of amygdalin was 43.16-215.80 μg/ml(r=0.999 7);the limit of detection was 0.431 6μg/ml,the limit of quantitation was 1.294 8μg/ml;RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests no more than 0.69%;recovery was 95.16%-100.49%(RSD=1.67%,n=9). CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple and rapid with high accuracy and well reproducibility,and can be used for the content determination of amygdalin in Lianhua qingwen capsule.

A Case of Schwannoma Located in the External Auditory Canal / 대한이비인후과학회지

Schwannoma is slowly-growing, benign tumor that originates from the schwann cell and is rarely found in the external auditory canal (EAC). In this article, we describe a 30-year-old female patient with 12x7x4 mm EAC schwannoma located between the helical crura and tragus of the left ear. The schwannoma was easily removed by local excision. We discuss the differential diagnosis, clinical and histologic features, and treatment of EAC schwannoma.

A Case of Nasal Extranodal NK/T Cell Lymphoma Misdiagnosed as Reccurent Periorbital Cellulitis or Acute Dacryocystitis

Nasal extranodal natural killer/T cell (NK/T cell) lymphoma is more common in East Asia than in the United States, comprising up to 7-10% of all non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Early nasal symptoms are nonspecific and similar to chronic rhinosinusitis, such as nasal obstruction and nasal bleeding. With disease progression, inflammation and necrosis of the mucosa increase, hindering pathologic diagnosis. We experienced a case of nasal extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma in a 58-year-old woman who presented with recurrent periorbital swelling.

A Case of the Carotid-Cavernous Fistula Due to the Internal Carotid Artery Injury During Endoscopic Sinus Surgery

Rupture of the internal carotid artery (ICA) during endoscopic sinus surgery is a rare complication. However, it can potentially result in death within minutes. In the event of a traumatic injury to the ICA during sphenoid sinus exploration, it is very difficult to control the bleeding. We present a case of carotid-cavernous fistula after an accidentally-developed ICA bleed during endoscopic sphenoidotomy. The patient was successfully treated with endovascular embolization techniques that included detachable microcoils.