Characteristic Analysis of Imprinting Template of Flavonoid Clusters in Four Chinese Medicines to Lung Meridian and Establishment of Experimental Approach of Meridian Tropism in Vitro / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo study the characteristics of imprinting template of flavonoid clusters in four Chinese medicines attributed to the lung meridian， and to establish an in vitro experimental approach for the study of the attribution of Chinese medicines to the lung meridian. MethodBased on 13 Chinese medicines， including Xanthii Fructus， Houttuyniae Herba， Fagopyri Dibotryis Rhizoma， Belamcandae Rhizoma and so on， which only belong to the lung meridian in Chinese Materia Medica（the 13th Five-Year planning textbook of general higher education）， we identified four representative Chinese medicines， namely Houttuyniae Herba， Fagopyri Dibotryis Rhizoma， Belamcandae Rhizoma and Mori Cortex， and set up their fingerprints by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） and calculated the molecular connectivity indices of various components in the four Chinese medicines， the similarity to their mean value was calculated by included angle cosine method， so as to establish the quantitative relationship of construction versus imprinting ability， and to determine the order of each component in the lung meridian. A total of 7 reference substances， including chlorogenic acid， rutin， quercetin， isoquercitrin， hyperoside， epicatechin， and iridin， were selected to validate the overall conformational relationships of flavonoids of the model， as well as its predictive ability. ResultHouttuyniae Herba， Fagopyri Dibotryis Rhizoma， Belamcandae Rhizoma and Mori Cortex contained a total of 437 chemical components with an average molecular connectivity index similarity of 0.995 6. The four Chinese medicines contained a total of 204 flavonoids with an average molecular connectivity index similarity of 0.978 0， which was second only to the alkaloids with 0.985 1. The retention time（tR） of the 7 reference substances showed a good conformational relationship with the similarity of the molecular connectivity index（tR=831.4×S-790.3， r=0.861 4， P<0.01）， which was applicable to the in vitro attribution study of the position， similarity， and relative similarity with tR of the cluster of 98.04% of flavonoids. Accordingly， the 1st position was kuwanon D， with a similarity of molecular connectivity index of 0.987 7 and a tR of 30.88 min， the 200th position was chlorogenic acid， with a similarity of molecular connectivity index of 0.958 2 and a tR of 6.36 min. The total first-order moment of the four Chinese medicines calculated by total statistical moment method of fingerprint was 24.26 min， ranked 21， which could characterize 99.19% of the whole， and the total first-order moment of the total peak area of the 7 reference substances in the four Chinese medicines was 20.00 min， with a rank of 46， which could characterize 98.68% of the whole. ConclusionFlavonoid clusters are suitable probes for the characterization of imprinting template for the study of the lung meridian， which can be established a quantitative imprinting method for meridian tropism of Chinese medicines in vitro.

The Osteogenesis of Hydroxyapatite and Gelatin Coating on the Polyethylene Terephthalate Artificial Ligament Graft / 中国运动医学杂志

Ojective To explore the effect of the hydroxyapatite(HAp)and gelatin(Gel)coating on the healing of the polyethylene terephthalate(PET)artificial ligament.Methods The artificial ligaments were divided into a PET group with a pure PET surface and a PET/HAp/Gel group coated with HAp and Gel.Both coatings were observed using the scanning electron microscope(SEM).Forty-eight male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into two groups and underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction,before two kinds of artificial ligaments were implanted respectively.Four weeks and 8 weeks after the operation,the rabbits were sacrificed,and histological hematoxylin and eosin (HE)staining as well as the biomechanical examination were performed.Results HAp/Gel coating was found depositing on the surface of PET artificial ligaments.Histological HE staining showed a thick fibrous connective tissue forming at the graft-host bone interface 4 weeks postoperatively,and the interface width of both groups were narrowed,with significantly more shrinking in the PET/HAp/Gel coating group.And new bone tissues were found in the interface of PET/HAp/Gel group 8 weeks after the operation.The biomechanical examination found significant differences in the failure load between the PET(46.16 ± 2.88 N) and PET/HAp/Gel group(71.32 ± 3.92 N)8 weeks after the surgery(P=0.0021).And 4 weeks and 8 weeks after the surgery,significant differences were found in the stiffness between the PET group and the PET/HAp/Gel group(11.06 ± 1.14 N/mm vs 16.20 ± 1.17 N/mm,P=0.0199;14.37 ± 0.88 N/mm vs 24.35 ± 1.35 N/mm,P=0.0008).Conclusion HAp/Gel coating can enhance the osteogenesis of PET artificial ligaments,promoting the new bone formation at the graft-host bone interface and herein strengthening the graft-host bone healing.

Micro-CT Analysis of Bone Tunnel Area after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in the Animal Model / 中国运动医学杂志

Objective To assess the bone tunnel area at different times and sites of the tunnel after the anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) reconstruction in rabbits using Micro-CT.Methods Fifteen rabbits were performed ACL reconstruction using semitendinosus tendon autograft and randomly allocated into 3 groups and killed at 3,6,and 12 weeks after the operation.All samples undertook the micro-CT scanning(using SkyScan 1176,Bruker,U.S.A.) and were analyzed the areas of bone tunnels of femur and tibia after the 3-demension image rebuilding.For each tunnel,the area of the entrance,middle and exit of the tunnel were measured 3 times respectively and compared.Results The average area of the femoral tunnel did not change significantly with time,being 4.84 mm2,4.57 mm2 and 4.46 mm2 at 3,6 and 12 weeks after the operation(P=0.99).At the very beginning,the femoral tunnel area at the entrance was the biggest,while that of the middle was the smallest.Six weeks after the operation,significant differences were observed between the femoral tunnel area at the entrance and middle,as well as that between the exit and middle(P=0.0011,P=0.0106);However,12 weeks after the operation,significant differences were observed only between that at the entrance and middle(P=0.0227).The average tibial tunnel area increased significantly at 6 weeks(6.577 mm2) and decreased at 12 weeks(3.103 mm2) after the operation(P=0.0005).Moreover,no significant differences were observed in the average tibial tunnel area at different time points and sites(P＜0.05).At different sites,the average tibial tunnel area expanded at 6 weeks,and then declined at 12 weeks after the operation.Conclusion The bone tunnel area changes with time after the ACL reconstruction,first increasing followed by decreasing in the average tibial tunnel area.The femur and tibial tunnel have significant differences in the tunnel area at different sites,which change differently with time.The bone tunnel expansion after the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction can be comprehensively measured repeatedly at different sites.

Bioinformatics Analysis of Gene Arrays in an Early Osteoarthritis Model Induced by Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection and Partial Medial Meniscectomy / 中国运动医学杂志

Objective To explore the changes in gene expression and biological process of the osteoarthritis (OA) induced by anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) transection and partial medial meniscectomy,so as to provide bioinformatic basis for further studying the molecular mechanism of OA.Methods The gene chip datasets of a rat model of early 0A induced by ACL transection and partial medial meniscectomy were downloaded from GEO databases (submitted by Appleton,et al.).The differential expression genes (DEGs)were identified,and the Gene ontology(GO) as well as the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses for DEGs were conducted using bioinformatic methods.Results A total of 170 DEGs including 97 up-regulated genes and 73 down-regulated genes were identified.The up-regulated genes were mainly enriched in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and were closely related to the ECM-receptor interaction,while the down-regulated genes were mainly enriched in the biological function of muscle contraction and were linked with the peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway.Conclusion The changes of ECM and muscle contraction play a key role in the occurrence and development of OA.The ECM-receptor interaction and PPAR signaling pathway are strongly associated with OA and worthy of further study.

Application of 18F-FDG/99mTc-MIBI dual-isotope SPECT and gated myocardial imaging in early diagnosis of diabetes-induced myocardial damage / 实用医学杂志

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of 18F-FDG/ 99mTc-MIBI dual-isotope SPECT and gated myocardial imaging in early diagnosis of diabetes-induced myocardial damage. Methods 32 patients with diabetes and 26 healthy volunteers received 18F-FDG/ 99mTc-MIBI dual-isotope SPECT and gated myocardial imaging for assessing myocardial ischemia, viability status, and cardiac function. Results Myocardial perfusion abnormalitieswere observed in 47 regions on myocardial perfusion imagingin 21 of 32 (65.6%)patients with diabetes, showing perfusion/metabolism mismatched and suggesting viable myocardium. All the volunteers were normal on DISA. As compared with the normal control group, the positive rate of DISA in diabetic patients was significantly higher (P < 0.01). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was (54.3 ± 7.2%) and (67.3±4.9%) respectively, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions 18F-FDG/ 99mTc-MIBI dual-isotope SPECT and gated myocardial imaging can assess myocardial ischemia ,viability and cardiac function in diabetic patients, and it is helpful for the early diagnosis of cardiac damage in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Advances in the nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems of salinomycin / 药学实践杂志

Salinomycin ,extensively used as an antibiotic in animal husbandry for a long time ,has recently been found to possess strong anti-cancer and anti-cancer stem cell efficacy ,as well as activities to overcome multi-drug resistance of tumor based on studies in vivo and in vitro in case reports in pilot clinical trials .Therefore ,salinomycin promised to be a novel anti-cancer agent .However ,the unfavorable property of poor aqueous solubility and the adverse effects of salinomycin were greatly hinder its clinical use .In order to improve its therapeutic index and alleviate its toxicity ,studies on nanotechnology-based deliv-ery systems of salinomycin had been widely conducted .In this article ,the latest development and application of salinomycin nanoformulations were reviewed .

Basic Magnesium Carbonate-Based Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films Technique for in situ Measurement of Dissolved Phosphorus in Eutrophic Waters / 分析化学

A technique of diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) was developed for the in situ measurement of reactive phosphorus species in natural waters, sediments and potentially soils. Polyacrylamide / basic magnesium carbonate was used as the novel binding phase of DGT. Various factors, such as initial concentration, deployment time, pH and ionic strength, which may affect the adsorption of phosphate to the DGT were investigated. H2 SO4(0. 25 mol/ L, 10 mL) was used for elution of phosphate from the binding gel, and an elution efficiency of 85±5% was obtained. The DGT measurement was independent of ionic strength (0. 001-0. 05 mol/ L) and pH (4. 10-9. 15). The results indicated that the maximum adsorption capacities of DGT were limited to 20. 4 μg per disc ( T = 25℃, pH = 7. 00, [ P] = 2 mg / L). Good agreement was obtained between the measurement results of DGT method and molybdenum blue method in the P concentration from 0. 001 to 20 mg / L. The method detection limit (MDL) was 102. 4 ng / L. Field performances of DGT in synthetic seawater, the coastal seawater of Xiamen, Lake Yihai, Lake Chaohu and Nanfei River indicated that the basic magnesium carbonate-DGT method was more reliable than the commonly used ferrihydrite-DGT method.

The relationship between serum high-mobility group box-I and prognosis of coronary heart disease in old patients / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To investigate the correlation of serum high-mobility group box-1 (HMG-B1) with the severity of lesion of coronary artery disease (CAD) and its prognosis in elderly patients.Methods A total of 180 CAD patients with coronary stenosis exceeding 50 percent by coronary angiography were divided into three groups:one branch stenosis;two branches stenosis and three branches stenosis.The control group included 50 patients without coronary stenosis.The degrees of coronary stenosis were diagnosed as mild stenosis,moderate stenosis and severe stenosis based on improved Gensini scores.The severity of decrements of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) by echocardiogram were divided into three groups:mild,moderate and severe LVEF.Levels of HMGB1,hs-CRP and glucose were measured in all the patients.According to whether there was a complication of type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM),the 180 patients were classified as two groups.The patients were also divided into two groups according to whether there were adverse events.Results The HMGB1 levels of the CAD group were increased along with the number of affected vessels [three bunch group (40.5±6.0) ng/ml,double bunch group (33.1±4.9)μg/L,single bunch group (20.5±3.3)μg/L and control group (6.2±1.4)μg/L (all P＜0.05)].And the HMGB1 levels of the CAD group were increased along with the degrees of CAD stenosis [severe stenosis group (43.0±5.8)μg/L,medium stenosis group (32.1±4.5)μg/L,mild stenosis group(19.3±2.0)μg/L] (all P＜0.05).Meanwhile,the levels of HMGB1 were increased along with the decrement of left ventricular ejection fraction [left ventricular severe dysfunction group (41.0 ± 5.5) μg/L,medium dysfunction group(33.1± 4.3)μg/L,mild dysfunction group (21.3± 2.0)μg/L] (all P＜0.05).CAD with T2DM had a higher HMGB1 level than non-T2DM group[(35.7±5.0) (C)/L vs.(23.3±3.0) (C)/L,P＜0.05].The adverse events group had a higher HMGB1 level than non-adverse events group[(38.7±5.5) (C)/L vs.(25.3±3.3)μg/L,P＜0.05].Besides,HMGB1 had a positive correlation with levels of hs-CRP and glucose(r=0.680,0.571,P＜0.05).Conclusions Serum HMGB1 change is closely related to morbid change degree of elderly CAD patients as well as prognosis.As a new type of inflammatory factor,HMGB1 may serve as a new target for disease treatment.

Evaluation of the diagnostic value of 99mTc-MIBI SPECT positive tumor imaging and MRI in the recurrence or postoperative residual lesions of glioma / 实用医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the value of 99mTc-MIBI SPECT positive tumor imaging and MRI in the diagnosis of recurrence and postoperative residual of glioma. Methods Of 30 cases of glioma, 21 cases were residual or recurrent of glioma, while 9 cases were not, confirmed by pathology or follow-up. 99mTc-MIBI SPECT positive tumor imaging and MRI were performed on all patients. Results The sensitivity of 99mTc-MIBI SPECT positive tumor imaging (80.1%)was lower than that of MRI (90.5%) (χ2 = 0.006 4,P = 0.035), while the specificity of 99mTc-MIBI SPECT(88.9%) was much higher than that MRI(77.8%)(χ2= 3.827,P = 0.006). The accuracy in diagnosing residual or recurrent glioma between the two imaging has no significant difference. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 95.2%, 100% and 93.3% when the two imaging methods were combined. Conclusions 99mTc-MIBI SPECT positive tumor imaging has higher specificity in the diagnosis of recurrence and postoperative residual of glioma. The combination of 99mTc-MIBI SPECT positive tumor imaging and MRI has great clinical significance.