Propofol relieves the subcutaneous chloroquine-induced pruritus in rats via TRPV1 and CB1 receptors of spinal cord / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

AIM: To explore the possible mechanism of propofol in alleviating pruritus induced by subcutaneous injection of chloroquine in rats. METHODS: The pruritus model of chloroquine in SD rats was established and the administration time was determined. 18 rats with successful pruritus model induced by subcutaneous injection of chloroquine were randomly divided into NS group, I group and P group. Normal saline 80 μL/kg, fat emulsion 80 μL/kg and propofol 0.8 mg/kg were injected through internal jugular vein catheter 5 minutes after subcutaneous injection of chloroquine. Another 6 rats were randomly selected as group C, and the same volume of normal saline as the other 3 groups was injected subcutaneously in the back of the neck and through the internal jugular vein catheter. The rats were killed 16 minutes after the corresponding drugs were injected into the internal jugular vein. The expressions of TRPV1 and CB1 receptors in the spinal cord were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with NS group and I group, the expression level of TRPV1 receptor in the spinal cord of P group rats was significantly increased (P<0.01), while there was no statistically significant difference between C group, NS group, and I group; The expression level of CB1 receptor was significantly higher than that of group C, NS, and I (P<0.05), while there was no statistically significant difference between group C, NS, and I. CONCLUSION: Propofol can significantly alleviate pruritus caused by subcutaneous injection of chloroquine in rats, which may exert an antipruritic effect by increasing the expression of TRPV1 and CB1 receptors in the spinal cord of rats.

Evidence-based practice and application effect of cerebrospinal fluid external drainage management / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To translate the best evidence of cerebrospinal fluid external drainage management into clinical practice, so as to standardize the behavior of nurses, improve the qualified rate of cerebrospinal fluid external drainage management, and improve the quality of nursing.Methods:Follow the JBI′s Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System and Getting Research into Practice audit, the research team selected the best evidences about five dimensions, and formulated 13 evaluation criteria. A 40-case baseline audit in a Neurosurgical ward to identify problems in implementation of this evidences were performed. After that they provided training courses and strategies to get these evidences into practice, and conducted a 40-case post-implementation audit in the same ward.Results:The compliance rates of all the 13 criteria were increased except No.11 ( χ2 values were 8.889-34.290, P<0.01). The qualified rate of total amount control of cerebrospinal fluid drainage increased from 57.5% (23/40) to 100.0% (40/40), the qualified rate of drainage speed control increased from 40.0% (16/40) to 100.0% (40/40), and the qualified rate of health education increased from 42.5% (17/40) to 90.0% (36/40), with statistical significance ( χ2 values were 21.590, 34.290, 20.180, P < 0.01). Conclusions:Put the best available evidence regarding cerebrospinal fluid external drainage into practice canpromotes evidence-based nursing practice, standardized nurses′ behaviors, realized continuous improvement of nursing quality, and can reduce the risk of complications and ensure patient′s safety.

Investigation and analysis of military operation ability of border guards in cold regions / 军事医学

Objective To investigate and analyze the military operation ability and influence factors of soldiers alongthe border in an extremely cold environment and to provide a scientific basis for effectively improving the combat effective -ness of the army stationed the cold regions.Methods According to relevant standards, recruits(the length of service 1 year) were randomly selected to investigate their military operationfactors, physical condition, sleep condition, mental health and cognitive ability.Results Cold was the main factor whichaffected military operation capability in cold regions.According to physical standards,border troops were in poor physicalcondition.Results of SCL-90 showed that the total score, the number of positive items , the score of each factor of the 130recruits were significantly lower than those of the Chinese army model and 46 veterans (P <0.05).There was nosignificant difference in these aspects between the 46 veterans and Chinese army model.Recruits were in better sleepcondition and had better instantaneous memory(P <0.05).Birthplace had no effect on these factors .Recruits from Centraland South China were in poorer sleep condition than those from cold regions (P <0.05).Results of SCL-90 showed that thetotal score,the factors of somatization, coercion, depression and anxiety of communication veterans were significantly higherthan those of the Chinese army model (P <0.05).The sleep condition of communication veterans was poorer than that ofmotorized infantry and patrol veterans (P <0.05).Conclusion Cold is the main factorthat impacts the ability of militaryoperations in cold regions.The physical work capacity of border guards in cold regions was significantly below the militarystandard, so the level of military training should be strengthened .Research on cold-protection equipment for special tasks should be strengthened.

Characteristics and risk factors of traffic injuries of adolescents (0-19 years old) in the urban and rural areas of Chongqing / 中华创伤杂志

ObjectiveTo study the characteristics and risk factors of traffic injuries among the adolescents (0-19 years old) in the urban and rural areas of Chongqing and discuss the preventive strategy. MethodsData of road traffic crashes and injuries involving 0-19 years old adolescents over a seven-year period (2000-2006) in three districts of Chongqing was picked up from Road _Traffic Crashes and Injuries Database. Epidemiological characteristics of the traffic crashes and injuries among 0-19 years old adolescents were analyzed and differences between rural and urban areas were studied. ResultsFrom 2000 to 2006, both incidence rate and mortality rate peaked in the urban fringe area were 95.43/100 000 and 3.44/100 000 respectively. Traffic accidents in the suburbs and counties had the highest injury extent, with mortality rate of 9.06％ and severe injury rate of 17.33％. Brain injuries were the primary cause of death. Among the victims, 62.7％ were the pedestrians, of which 20.72％ bore equal responsibility because of disobeying traffic signals, suddenly walking across roads and not walking along the sidewalk. Ninety percentage of the traffic accidents occurred in the sections with no traffic signals or traffic control system. ConclusionIt is important to enhance the traffic safety consciousness of teenagers and children, strengthen preventive measures in fringe areas and rural areas and improve the emergency medical system in rural areas to provide the teenagers and children with a safety traffic environment.

Quality Assessment on Fructus Polygoni Orientalis / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide references for the quality assessment of traditional Chinese liquid medicine-Fructus Polygoni Orientalis.METHODS:The description and the physicochemical identification of Fructus Polygoni Orientalis were carried out;the contents of the extractives were determined and the chemical composition of which was studied.The quality of commercial Fructus Polygoni Orientalis medicinal substances from15nationwide areas was investigated.RESULTS:The results showed that the content of the preparation was higher than that of the raw material in the water soluble extractive assaying;the content of the alcohol-soluble extractive was the opposite.Meletin was found to be contained in the Fructus Polygoni Orien?talis acetic ether extraction liquid by the TLC identification.There was only half maturing rate for most of the commercial Fructus Polygoni Orientalis.CONCLUSION:This method can be used as a reference for the quality assessment of Fructus Polygoni Orientalis.

Levels of Air Particulates With Different Diameters and the Distribution of Heavy Metals in the Particulates During the Period of Heating Equipments Used / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To understand the pollution of particulate matters and the distribution of heavy metals in particulate matters. Methods Samples were collected with auto-sampling instrument for 32 consecutive days in heating period of Dec. 2003-Jan,2004, in a central area of Tianjin. The heavy metals were detected with atomic absorption spectrum, atomic fluorescence spectrum and plasma emission spectrum, 9 heavy metals were measured quantitatively. Results The rates of over standards for daily mean of TSP, IP, PM2.5 in heating period were 54.55%, 57.58%, 84.85% respectively. Content of some heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, Ni in the particulate matters were higher. Conclusion Air pollution with particulates in heating period is serious. PM2.5 carries more heavy metals than TSP and IP, so it is much more harmful to human health.

DNA Damage in Bone-Marrow Cells of Mice Exposed to Low Level of Gaseous Benzene / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To explore the DNA damage in the bone-marrow cells of the mice exposed to the low level of gaseous benzene. Methods 615 mice were divided into 4 groups randomly, 6 in each: the control group, benzene exposed group, group immited by L615K lymphocyte cell, group immited by L615K lymphocyte cell and benzene exposed in combination. Benzene was exposed at the level of 1 mg/m3, 6 h per day for 10 days. SCGE was used to detect the DNA damage in the bone-marrow cells of the mice. Results Compared with the control, the DNA damage were significantly severe in the other 3 groups. But the DNA damage of the group immited by L615K lymphocyte cell and benzene exposed in combination was significantly lower than that of the group immited by L615K lymphocyte cell. The spleen and liver indexes were higher in the two groups immited by L615K lymphocyte cell and immited by L615K lymphocyte cell plus benzene exposed compared with the control group. Conclusion Benzene exposure at the low level can induce the DNA damage in the bone-marrow cells of the mice, but for those lymphatic leukemia mice, benzene exposure at the low level may inhibit this kind of damage, to elucidate the mechanism, further studies needs to be done.

Effects of Gaseity Formaldehyde Exposure on Performance in Water Labyrinth and Hippocampal Neurotransmitters of Mice / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To study the effects of formaldehyde inhalation on spatial learning abilities and hippocampal neurotransmitters levels of mice, and to explore the neurotoxic mechanism. Methods Three groups of male Kunming mice were exposed to different concentrations (0, 1.34 and 4.02 mg/m3) of gaseity formaldehyde, 4 h/day, for 7 consecutive days,and their behavior when they learned to perform a water labyrinth task and hippocampal neurotransmitters levels were tested. Results There was no significant difference was seen in swimming duration among groups. While on days 5 and 7, mice in group of 4.02 mg/m3 formaldehyde exposure made notable more swimming errors (P