Dye-tattooing under ultrasound guidance in preoperative localization of neck recurrences from thyroid cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the application of dye-tattooing under ultrasound guidance in preoperative localization of neck recurrences from thyroid cancer.@*Methods@#Between October 2014 to September 2016, 25 patients with 34 lesions were enrolled. There were 22 cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma and three cases of medullary thyroid carcinoma, all of which could not be detected by computed tomography. Surgeons located the recurrent lesions using dye-tattooing under ultrasound guidance along with radiologist three days before the operation.@*Results@#All lesions were successfully located (100%), 32 of which were located directly and two of which were located indirectly. Postoperative pathological examination confirmed 25 metastases of papillary thyroid carcinoma, two metastases of medullary thyroid carcinoma, and seven cases of false positives. The accuracy of ultrasound diagnosis was 79.4%. After 15 months of follow-up, neither tumor residual nor recurrences was detected according to imaging tests.@*Conclusions@#Dye-tattooing under ultrasound guidance represents a reliable and safe method for localization of neck recurrences from thyroid cancer. The cooperation between experienced surgeons and radiologists will be crucial to successful location.

Clinical analysis of secondary cervical lymph node dissection in papillary thyroid carcinoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective@#To investigate the value of secondary cervical lymph node dissection in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).@*Methods@#PTC patients with recurrence re-operated in a previously dissected area at our hospital during 2000-2016 were included in this analysis. Patients were divided according to the operative interval of 6 months. The level and number of lymph node metastasis and the number of lymph node dissection were analyzed to calculate the ratio of lymph node metastasis.@*Results@#A total of 336 PTC patients received 360 side lateral cervical lymph nodes dissection. The ratio of recurrence in unilateral lateral neck is 92.9%(312/336). The ratio of recurrence in multiple levels (more than two regions) were 47.5% (171/360). The recurrence ratio of level Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ were 55.6%(200/360), 44.2%(159/360), 59.7%(215/360) and 10.3%(37/360), respectively. Lymph node metastases were inclined to level Ⅱ (33.6%) and Ⅳ (35.8%). The mean number of lymph node dissection and metastasis in the group of operative interval ≤ 6 months was 26.56 per case and 4.37 per case, respectively. The mean number of lymph node dissection and metastasis in the group of operative interval >6 months was 16.80 per case and 3.20 per case, respectively. The number of lymph node dissection and metastasis between these two groups were significantly different (P=0.001, P<0.001).@*Conclusions@#Lymph node metastasis of PTC patients with secondary cervical lymph node dissection are inclined to level Ⅱ and level Ⅳ. Moreover, multi-level metastasis is not rare. Level Ⅱ and level Ⅳ require more attention in the first operation. Most of the patients undergo reoperation because of residual lymph nodes from the previous treatment. Normalization and completeness of the initial dissection are particularly important to PTC patients.

Central compartment reoperation for recurrent/persistent differentiated thyroid cancer / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective@#To analyze the incidences of complications after central compartment reoperation for recurrent/persistent differentiated thyroid cancer, and to investigate the safety and feasiblity of central compartment reoperation.@*Methord@#A total of 109 patients who underwent central compartment reoperation for recurrent/persistent differentiated thyroid cancer from January 1, 2011 to March 31, 2016 in Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences was analysed retrospectively, and the incidences of reoperation-related complications were evaluated.@*Results@#Among 109 patients, only 10 (9.2%) patients were treated initially in our hospital and remaining patients (90.8%) treated initially in the other hospitals. Surgical approaches for thyroid beds: 61 patients (56.0%) underwent supplemented total thyroidectomy, 3 patients (2.8%) for removal of recurrent thyroid cancer, 2 patients (1.8%) with supplemented total thyroidectomy and removal of recurrent thyroid cancer, and 12 cases (11.0%) had bilateral thyroid lobectomy. Central compartment lymph node dissection: 66 patients (60.6%) underwent bilateral central neck dissection, 40 patients (36.7%) with unilateral central neck dissection. A total of 16 patients (14.7%) had complications. Transient and permanent vocal fold paralysis developed in 9(8.3%) and 2(1.8 %) patients, respectively. Transient and permanent hypoparathyroidism occurred in 2(1.8%) patients and 11 patients (10.1%), respectively. Postoperative bleeding happened in 1 patient (0.9%). with follow-up from 7 to 61 month, median follow-up was 17.2 months. All patients survived, with recurrence in 3 (2.8%) patients.@*Conclusions@#It seems the incidences of complications for thyroid carcinoma reoperation in central compartment is low for the experienced surgeon. The reoperation was safe and feasible.

Comparative research of the Harmonic Focus? and Ligasure Small Jaw? in open thyroid surgery / 中国癌症杂志

Background and purpose:In recent years, energy-based instruments have been widely used in today’s open surgeries. Harmonic Focus? (HF) and Ligasure Small Jaw? (LSJ) are both custom-made for thyroid open surgery. This study aimed to explore the effcacy and safety of HF and LSJ in open thyroidectomy.Methods:The data from patients who undertook total thyroidectomy with central neck dissection by the same surgeon during last year in this hospital were reviewed. HF was used in 100 patients, and LSJ was used in 104 patients. The effectiveness was appraised by comparing operation time and postoperative volume of drainage on the ifrst postoperative day. The safety was appraised by comparing the incidence of postoperative complications.Results:The results of the effectiveness:the average duration of operation was (95.8±18.0) min for HF group, and (97.8±19.1) min for LSJ group, there was no statistical signiifcance (P=0.363). Postoperative volume of drainage on the ifrst postoperative day was (35.2±20.3) mL for HF group, and (36.3±23.8) mL for LSJ group, there was no statistical signiifcance (P=0.977). One patient (1.0%) had temporary vocal cord paralysis in HF and one had postoperative hematoma (1.0%) in LSJ group. Temporary hypo-parathyroidism was detected in 18 patients (18.0%) of HF group, and 16 patients (15.4%) of LSJ group. The decline of parathyroid hormone during the ifrst postoperative day was (12.3±12.8) pg/mL in HF group, and (13.9±13.4) pg/mL in LSJ group. The decline of serum calcium was (0.20±0.13) mg/dL in HF group, and (0.20±0.16) mg/dL in LSJ group. There were all no statistical signiifcances (P>0.05).Conclusion:Both HF and LSJ are safe and effective in open thy-roidectomy without similar operative complications.

Clinical experience with the supraclavicular flap to reconstruct head and neck defects / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy of pedicled supraclavicular artery island flaps for head and neck reconstruction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Reconstructive surgeries for head and neck oncologic defects were performed with the pedicled supraclavicular artery island flaps in 10 patients from May 2013 to December 2014 and the cases were review. Among them, 6 were performed for hypopharyngeal cancer, 2 for oral tongue cancer, 1 for oral base cancer and 1 for cervical esophageal cancer. The size of the flaps was measured in (5-8) cm × (6-12) cm.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Seven flaps survived, one flap failured and two flaps had partial necrosis. Donor sites were closed primarily without morbidity.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The pedicled supraclavicular artery island flap is an easy harvesting and reliable for head and neck reconstruction, especially suitable for otolaryngo-head and neck surgeon and maxillofacial surgeon in the local hospital.</p>

Digital and three-demention print technique in reconstruction for complex defect after resection of jaw neoplasms / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the application of digital and three-demention (3D) print technique in reconstruction of complex jaw defect after removal of maxillofacial cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From May 2013 to January 2015, 10 cases were enrolled in the study, 3 were maxillary defects and 7 were mandibular defects. The process included preoperative computer aided design, template and model manufacture with 3D Printer, intraoperative ablation and shaping of fibula based on template, flap suture and vessel anastomosis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the cases were successfully operated according to preoperative computer aided design, and all the fibulas and skin islands survived. All the cases had regular diet 2 weeks after surgery and showed satisfying appearance.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Digital and 3D print technique has good practicability in reconstruction of complex jaw defect with free fibula.</p>

Cervical lymph node metastasis in medullary thyroid carcinoma / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the patterns of cervical lymph node metastasis of medullary thyroid carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety-one patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma first treated between January 1999 and October 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. Of 91 patients, 39 cases presented with clinical negative node (cN0) and 52 cases with clinical positive node (cN+). Central compartment dissection was performed in all cases. Lateral neck dissection was performed in 52 cN+ cases (71 sides). All neck dissection specimens were obtained and analyzed for lymph node (LN) involvement with respect to neck levels. The distribution of LN with metastasis was studied in cN+ patients and the following factors were used to study the predictive value of central compartment LN metastasis: sex, age, family history, tumor size, bilateral tumor, multifocality of the tumor, extracapsular spread, and remote metastasis. Univariate analysis with the χ(2) test was used to analyze the statistical correlation between central compartment LN metastasis and other clinical factors. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors related to central compartment metastasis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Neck and bilateral neck metastasis rates were 73.6%, 19.8% respectively. Metastasis rates in central compartment and superior mediastinal region were 68.1% and 27.5% respectively. The central compartment metastasis rate was 33.3% in cN0 patients and 94.2% in cN+ patients. The superior mediastinal metastasis rate was 2.6% in cN0 patients and 46.2% in cN+ patients. Extracapsular spread was an independent predictive factor for central compartment metastasis (χ(2)=15.592, P=0.000, OR=12.876). The incidences of LN metastases at level II, III, IV, V were 62.9%,84.5%,83.1%,50.0% in cN+ patient, respectively. Multi-sites were involved. The possibility of lateral neck metastasis was higher when preoperative value of calcitonin was higher than 300 ng/L (66.7% vs 28.6%, χ(2)=5.771, P=0.016).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Cervical lymph node metastasis of medullary thyroid carcinoma is higher. Central compartment dissection is necessary in cN0 patients with extracapsular spread. Neck dissection from level II to level VII was necessary in cN+ patients. Preoperative value of calcitonin maybe can predict the lateral neck metastasis incidence.</p>

Head and neck neurofibromas: analysis of 46 cases / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the surgical mode, recurrence and prognosis for patients with head and neck neurofibromas and explore their treatment strategies.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinicopathological features, operation mode, prognosis and neural function of 46 patients with head and neck neurofibroma were analyzed retrospectively, and 41 of the cases were followed up for 24-170 months (median 74 months).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 41 followed-up patients, 26 patients were cured and 15 patients were not cured (two died). The cure rate of the neurofibromas with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and the neurofibromas without NF1 were 42.9% and 85.0%, respectively (P = 0.005). The cure rate of localized, aggressive, diffuse and beaded neurofibromas were 100.0%, 46.6%, 40.0% and 66.7%, respectively (P = 0.009). The cure rate of radical resection (including expanding excision and complete resection) and partial resection were 73.5% and 14.3%, respectively (P = 0.011). The cure rates of expanding excision and partial resection were 80.0% and 14.3% (P = 0.029). The cure rates of complete resection and partial resection were 70.8% and 14.3%, respectively (P = 0.026). However, the cure rates of expanding excision and complete resection were not significantly different (P = 0.581). Multivariate Cox model analysis indicated that thoroughness of surgery was the independent risk factor for the prognosis for patients with head and neck neurofibromas.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Neurofibroma is a kind of aggressive benign tumors. Some neurofibromas have a high recurrence rate and low recovery rate, and some nerves are essay to be injured in the operation. Lots of factors impact on the prognosis and recovery of the neural function. Therefore, operation opportunity and mode should be carefully selected.</p>

Analysis of risk factors for hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective To evaluate the influencing factors for hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy in thyroid carcinoma.Methods 650 patients with thyroid carcinoma undergoing total thyroidectomy from Jun.2009 to Dec.2011 were followed up and analyzed retrospectively.The relativity between persistent hypocalcemia and the following criteria were studied:age, sex, primary tumor stage, initial thyroid treatment, neck dissection cen-tral compartment dissection, inadvertent parathyroidectomy, and thyroid caspsular dissection.χ2test was used to analyze the statistical correlation between hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy and the other clinical factors. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify the multivariate correlation of clinical factors and hypocal-cemia after total thyroidectomy. Results Persistent hypocalcemia was found in 112 out of 650 patients (17.2%).Advanced stage(OR=2.121,95%CI 1.140-3.947,P=0.018),bilateral central compartment dis-section(OR=1.852,95% CI 1.199 -2.863,P =0.006),failure to use thyroid caspsular dissection(OR =2.307,95%CI 1.208-4.405,P=0.011)and IPE(OR=1.580,95%CI 1.029-2.427,P=0.037)were inde-pendent predictive factors for hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy.Conclusions It has high incidence of persis-tent hypocalcemia in patients with andvanced-stage thyroid carcinoma after going total thyroidectomy.Thyroid caspsular dissection method, proper indications for bilateral central compartment dissection, and reducing IPE can help to reduce the incidence of persistent hypocalcemia and improve the life quality of patients after going thyroidectomy.

Prediction of occult carcinoma in contralateral nodules for unilateral papillary thyroid carcinoma / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the risks for occult carcinoma in contralateral nodules for unilateral papillary thyroid carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The study included 157 consecutive cases of unilateral papillary thyroid carcinoma with benign nodules in the contralateral lobe identified by preoperative ultrasound or fine-needle aspiration from January 2011 to December 2013. The patients received total thyroidectomies and neck lymph node dissections. The frequency and predictive factors for contralateral occult carcinoma in these patients were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 68 patients (43.3%) had occult papillary thyroid carcinoma in the contralateral lobe and the maximum diameter of contralateral occult papillary carcinoma ranged from 0.1 to 1.2 cm, including ≤ 0.5 cm in 56 patients, 0.5-1.0 cm in 9 patients and >1.0 cm in 3 patients respectively. In univariate analysis, occult carcinoma in the contralateral lobe was associated with patient age (χ(2) = 7.266, P = 0.007) and pathologically multifocality in the ipsilateral lobe (χ(2) = 5.090, P = 0.024), but not with family history, tumor size, thyroid function, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, perithyroidal invasion, multifocality in the ipsilateral lobe, clinically or pathologically node-negative neck. In multivariate Logistic an analysis, age (OR = 1.054, P = 0.001) and multifocality in the ipsilateral lobe on final pathology (OR = 2.443, P = 0.021) were independent predictive factors for contralateral occult papillary thyroid carcinoma.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Occult carcinoma is common in the contralateral "benign" nodules in patients with unilateral papillary thyroid carcinoma especially in young patients or the cases with multifocal tumors.</p>

Clinical role of BRAF V600E mutation testing in thyroid nodules / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical role of BRAF V600E mutation testing in fine-needle aspirates (FNA) of thyroid nodules.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This study included 83 nodules in 80 patients who underwent FNA from March 2013 to September 2013. Cytological specimens were collected and BRAF exon 15 was examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). DNA sequencing and analysis were performed. Diagnostic performances of cytology and cytology with BRAF V600E mutation analysis were compared according to postoperative pathological diagnosis. The relation of BRAF V600E mutation with clinical factors including sex and age of patients, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, multifocality, and AJCC stage were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of 83 nodules, 33 nodules were clinically observed, and 48 nodules underwent surgery, and suggestions of surgery were refused in 2 nodules. Among 48 nodules with surgery, BRAF V600E mutation was found in 25 nodules with histologic confirmation of papillary thyroid carcinoma after thyroidectomy, 13 of the 25 nodules were cytologically diagnosed as carcinoma and 12 were indeterminate. Among the 23 BRAF V600E negative noodles, 5 were cytologically diagnosed as carcinoma, 2 were benign, and 16 were indeterminate; 15 nodules were histologic confirmation of papillary thyroid carcinoma after thyroidectomy, 1 nodule was medullary thyroid carcinoma, and 7 nodules were benign. Biomolecular analysis significantly increased cytology sensitivity for papillary thyroid carcinoma from 43.9% to 73.2% (P < 0.05). Direct DNA sequencing showed that the presence of BRAF V600E mutation was 62.5% in 40 thyroid papillary nodules. There were 16 BRAF-positive nodules (80.0%) among 20 papillary thyroid nodules with extrathyroidal extension, however there were 9 BRAF-negative nodules (45.0%) among 20 papillary thyroid nodules without extrathyroidal extension. Univariate analysis indicated the BRAF V600E mutation was associated with extrathyroidal extension (χ² = 5.227, P = 0.022), but not with sex, age, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, multifocality and AJCC stage.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>BRAF V600E mutation analysis can significantly improve FNA diagnostic accuracy and maybe useful for prediction of high-risk of thyroid carcinoma.</p>

Larynx preservation and hypopharyngeal reconstruction in posterior hypopharyngeal wall sqamous cell carcinoma / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the larynx preservation after resection of posterior hypopharygeal wall squamous cell carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Retrospective review of 13 patients who underwent resection of posterior hypopharyngeal wall squamous cell carcinoma from October 2004 to May 2013. Of 13 patients, 6 had T2 lesions and 7 had T3 lesions. Two underwent salvage surgery, 2 with concurrent chemoradiotherapy before surgery, 2 with no radiotherapy and other 7 with postoperative radiotherapy (55 Gy). Repair with flap was not required in 6 cases, and repair with free skin graft was performed in 1 case, submental flap for 1 case, supraclavicular artery flap for 1 case, radial forearm flaps for 3 cases, and anterolateral thigh flap for 1 case for laryngopharyngeal reconstruction.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The 3 year over all survival rate and disease-specific survival rate were 51.6%. Surgical complications included 3 fistula, 1 wound infection, and 1 wound effusion. The rate of decanulation was 100%, and all patients were with oral feeding.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Different flaps can be used to reconstruct a functional larynx after resection of posterior hypopharyngeal wall squamous cell carcinoma, patients having good quality of life.</p>

Factors related to central lymph node metastasis in different subregions for unilateral papillary thyroid carcinoma with clinical N0 stage / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study clinicopathologic factors related to central lymph node (CLN) metastasis in different subregions for unilateral papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with clinical N0.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 145 PTC cases with clinical N0 treated in the same group of the department of head and neck surgery, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science between Jan. 2011 and Jan. 2014 was analysed retrospectively. Clinicopathologic factors related to CLN metastasis in different subregions were analyzed, including sex, age, tumor size, extrathyroidal extension, and multifocal tumor.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>CLN metastases existed in 57.9% (84/145) cases and the incidences of ipsilateral paratracheal, pretracheal, and prelaryngeal metastasis were 53.8%, 24.1% and 11.3% respectively. Right paratracheal lymph node metastasis occurred in anterior (17/38, 44.7%) and posterior (12/38, 31.6%) to the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Multivariate analysis indicated that extrathyroidal extension (OR = 4.49, 95%CI 1.80-11.20, P = 0.001) and tumor size (OR = 2.17, 95%CI 1.06-4.45, P = 0.034) were independent risk factors for ipsilateral paratracheal CLN metastasis; ipsilateral paratracheal CLN metastasis (OR = 2.12, 95%CI 0.08-4.60, P = 0.003) was an independent risk factor for pretracheal CLN metastasis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>A high risk of CLN metastasis especially ipsilateral paratracheal metastasis exists in DTC with clinical N0. Ipsilateral paratracheal, pretracheal and prelaryngeal CLN dissection should be conducted when maximum tumor diameter more than 1 cm or extrathyroidal extension. CLN anterior and posterior to the recurrent larygeal nerve should be removed simultaneously when the ipsilateral paratracheal CLN metastasis at right side. Total thyroidectomy and contralateral paratracheal CLN dissection should be conciderded in multifocal tumor.</p>

Clinical evaluation of end-to-end neurorrhaphy for unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve transaction injury / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective To investigate the necessity of primary neurorrhaphy (direct end-to-end anastomosis) when the recurrent laryngeal nerve(RLN) is severed during thyroid surgery.Methods 15 patients who suffered from iaotmgenic unilateral complete RLN injury or whose unilateral RLN had to be sacrificed because of disease invasion had a primary repair of RLN by direct end-to-end anastomosis.In control group,26 patients who did not have a nerve repair were enrolled into this study.Subjective evaluation of aspiration and voice quality were based on patient reports and hearer reports for all patients.9 patients with neurorrhaphy and 12 patients without nerve repair were followed with videolaryngoscopic examination.Results 14 patients undergoing neurorrhaphy restored normal voice at 2-5 months postoperatively.Although there were no significant functional motion of the vocal fold,slight adductory movement of the affected arytenoid was found with good tension vocal cords and symmetric arytenoids of the glottis during phonation.Only 2 patients without nerve repair had nearly restored normal voice.The patients with hoarseness had stiff arytenoids and atrophic folds resulting in glottal gap.Conclusions Neurorrhaphy is a simple and effective method to restore the normal aspiration and voice quality of patients with unilateral complete recurrent laryngeal nerve injuries.

Sentinel lymph node micrometastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective To investigate the optimal methods of detecting micrometastasis of sentinel lymph node(SLN) in papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC).Methods Data of 51 consecutive PTC patients without clinical evidence of cervical lymph node metastasis were analyzed.They were conducted with SLN localization with blue dye,technetium-labeled sulfur colloid or the combination of them from Aug.2007 to Sep.2010.55 SLNs from 18 cases were selected.No metastasis was found to these 55 SLNs by routine pathological section.The 55 SLNs were serially sectioned at a 50 μm interval and stained by both HE and immunohistochemistry for detecting micrometastasis.Results SLN was successfully identified in all the 51 cases,with SLN identification rate of 100％.Among the 18 cases without metastasis to SLN by routine pathological section,5 cases were found micrometastasis by step sectioning plus immunohistochemically stains.The false negative rate was reduced from 15.4％ by routine pathological section to 2.6％ by step sectioning plus immunohistochemically stains.Conclusion Cytokeratin immunohistochemistry on series sections is a reliable method in detecting SLN micrometastasis in PTC.

Sentinel lymph node biopsy guided neck dissection in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma / 中华普通外科杂志

ObjectiveTo evaluate combined radioisotope and methylene blue dye method for identifying sentinel lymph node (SLN) for modified radical neck dissection of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). MethodFifty-one consecutive PTC patients without clinical evidence of locoregional lymph node involvement were enrolled in the study between August 2007 and September 2010.5 h ( rangel.5 - 8 h) before the surgery,one single intratumoral injection of 74 MBq in a volume of 0.4 ml 99mTc -Dextran was administered under ultrasound guidance and 1％ methylene blue dye was injected into the parenchyma surrounding the primary tumor intraoperatively.Preoperative lymphoscintigraphy,intra-operative hand-held gamma probe detecting and blue dyed lymph node were used to identify the SLN.All SLNs were sent for frozen-section and the specimens of routine selective neck dissection were stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E). ResultsSLNs were identified in 48 of 51 cases (94.1％ ) with combination method.SLN identification rate were 66.7％by methylene blue dye method and 90.2％by radioisotope method respectively.Final pathologic examination revealed that 30 cases ( 58.8％ ),including 3 cases who had negative SLNs,had lateral neck occult lymph node metastasis.The rate of occult lymph node metastasis in level Ⅱ,level Ⅲ,level Ⅳ and level Ⅴ were 17.6％,52.9％,29.4％ and 0％.Thus,the sensitivity,specificity,accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values of SLN biopsy were 90％, 100％,94.1％,100％ and 87.5％,respectively. ConclusionsSLNB is feasible and safe,the findings correlate with lateral lymph node status.Therefore,SLN biopsy is a good method for estimating the status of lateral lymph node in patients with clinical negative lymph node papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Supracricoid partial laryngectomy versus other traditional partial laryngectomy for selected laryngeal cancers / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the oncological and functional outcomes in patients undergoing supracricoid partial laryngectomy with other traditional partial laryngectomy.@*METHOD@#One hundred and fourteen patients treated from 1992 to 2007 were selected from all laryngeal cancer patients undergo partial laryngectomy through random match method by tumour subsite, TNM stage and age. Among them, 58 were supraglottic cancers, 56 were glottic cancers. Patients were divided into supracricoid laryngectomy group and other partial laryngectomy group. Each group includes 57 cases. We compare the 3-year and 5-year actuarial survival, local control rate and decannulation rate between two groups.@*RESULT@#The 3-year and 5-year actuarial survival estimate was 90% and 87% for supracricoid partial laryngectomy, 97% and 92% for other partial laryngectomy (P > 0.05); Local control rate estimate was 94.2% for supracricoid laryngectomy and 91% for other partial laryngectomy(P > 0.05); Decannulation rate was 98% for supracricoid laryngectomy and 89.5% for other partial laryngectomy(P>0. 05); The decannulation was ever lower in horizontal-vertical partial laryngectomy than supracricoid partial laryngectomy (75% versus 98%, P < 0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#Comparing with other partial laryngectomy, supracricoid partial laryngectomy seems to have higher decannulation rate and is a considerable choice for selected laryngeal cancer.