Penile emergencies: a review of the main conditions / Emergências penianas: uma revisão das principais afecções

Abstract Acute penile conditions, which typically have a traumatic, vascular, or infectious etiology, are rather uncommon and often require prompt medical evaluation. Penile emergencies can be treated conservatively or surgically, and their management often relies on the results of imaging examinations. Because of its high spatial resolution and wide availability, as well as the fact that it does not involve the use of ionizing radiation, ultrasound is the imaging modality of choice in the initial evaluation of penile emergencies. Inconclusive cases can be further evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging. The main purpose of this pictorial essay is to review the main penile emergencies, by presenting illustrative cases, focusing on radiologic findings, and discussing the roles played by the various imaging methods.

Resumo As condições agudas do pênis são raras, geralmente relacionadas a causas traumáticas, vasculares ou infecciosas, e muitas vezes requerem avaliação médica imediata. As emergências penianas podem ter tratamento conservador ou cirúrgico e muitas vezes dependem dos exames de imagem. A ultrassonografia é a modalidade de imagem de escolha na avaliação inicial das emergências penianas, em virtude da alta resolução espacial, ampla disponibilidade e ausência de radiação ionizante desse método. A ressonância magnética deve ser considerada em casos inconclusivos, oferecendo maior campo de visão e detalhes precisos sobre o local e extensão das lesões. O principal objetivo deste ensaio iconográfico é revisar as principais emergências do pênis por meio de casos ilustrativos, com foco nos achados radiológicos e no papel dos métodos de imagem.

Comparison between multiparametric MRI with and without post - contrast sequences for clinically significant prostate cancer detection

ABSTRACT Background: Dynamic-contrast enhanced (DCE) sequence is used to increase detection of small lesions, based on increased vascularization. However, literature is controversy about the real incremental value of DCE in detection of clinically significant (CS) prostate cancer (PCa), since absence of enhancement does not exclude cancer, and enhancement alone is not definitive for tumor. Purpose: To test the hypothesis that DCE images do not increase CS PCa detection on MRI prior to biopsy, comparing exams without and with contrast sequences. Material and Materials and Methods: All men who come to our institution to perform MRI on a 3T scanner without a prior diagnosis of CS PCa were invited to participate in this study. Reference standard was transrectal prostate US with systematic biopsy and MRI/US fusion biopsy of suspicious areas. Radiologists read the MRI images prospectively and independently (first only sequences without contrast, and subsequently the entire exam) and graded them on 5-points scale of cancer suspicion. Results: 102 patients were included. Overall detection on biopsy showed CS cancer in 43 patients (42.2%), clinically non-significant cancer in 11 (10.8%) and negative results in 48 patients (47%). Positivities for CS PCa ranged from 8.9% to 9.8% for low suspicion and 75.0% to 88.9% for very high suspicion. There was no statistical difference regarding detection of CS PCa (no statistical difference was found when compared accuracies, sensitivities, specificities, PPV and NPV in both types of exams). Inter-reader agreement was 0.59. Conclusion: Exams with and without contrast-enhanced sequences were similar for detection of CS PCa on MRI.

Leiomiossarcoma da veia cava inferior: relato de caso / Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava: a case report

Relatamos um caso de paciente do sexo feminino, 48 anos, com quadro clínico de dor abdominal de moderada intensidade e abaulamento do abdome. Ao exame físico constatou-se massa abdominal palpável. A tomografia computadorizada mostrou volumosa massa retroperitoneal, com realce heterogêneo e íntima relação com a veia cava inferior. Realizou-se ressecção em bloco da massa e do segmento invadido da veia cava. A histologia revelou leiomiossarcoma.

The authors report a case of a 48 year-old female patient with moderate abdominal pain and bulging in the abdomen. Physical examination demonstrated the presence of a palpable abdominal mass. Computed tomography showed a heterogeneously enhancing retroperitoneal mass in close contact with the inferior vena cava. En bloc resection of the mass and of the attached vena cava segment was performed. Histological analysis revealed leiomyosarcoma.

Impacto de multimorbidade sobre mortalidade em idosos: estudo de coorte pós-hospitalização / Impact of multimorbidity on mortality in elderly: a post-hospitalization cohort study

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a associação entre comorbidades e risco de morte e reinternação em idosos após alta de enfermarias de clínica médica de um hospital universitário. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte de idosos que receberam alta do Hospital Universitário Lauro Wanderley. Foram utilizados o Índice de Comorbidade de Charlson (ICC) e o ICC associado à idade (ICIC). O desfecho primário foi mortalidade pós-hospitalização e o secundário, ocorrência de reinternações. RESULTADOS: Foram acompanhados 104 pacientes por 40,9±27,6 semanas; 31 (29,8%) morreram e 38 (36,5%) foram reinternados. A curva de sobrevida foi descendente com proporção acumulada de 50%. Óbito relacionou-se com idade (p=0,04), número de prescrições hospitalares (p=0,01), ICC (p=0,001) e ICIC (p=0,001). Não houve associação de ICC com reinternação. CONCLUSÕES: A gravidade das comorbidades em idosos relacionou-se com maior risco de morte pós-hospitalização. Salienta-se a necessidade de se disporem de dados de comorbidade para avaliar cuidados a essa clientela.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association between comorbidities and risk of death and readmission after discharge of elderly after discharge from medical wards in a university hospital. METHODS: A cohort study of elderly patients discharged from University Hospital Lauro Wanderley. We used the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and the ICC associated with age (ICIC). The primary outcome was post-hospitalization mortality ; the secondary, readmissions. RESULTS: 104 patients were followed for 40.9±27.6 weeks; 31 (29.8%) died and 38 (36.5%) were readmitted. The survival curve was descending with cumulative proportion of 50%. Death was related to age (p = 0.04), number of hospital prescriptions (p=0.01), CHF (p=0.001) and ICIC (p=0.001). There was no association of ICC with rehospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: The severity of comorbidities in the elderly was related to increased risk of death after hospitalization. This emphasizes the need to dispose of comorbidity data to evaluate care for these patients.