A comprehensive analysis on cigarettes smoking and its determinants in Bangladesh using logistic regression model

Background: In Bangladesh, smoking is one of the leading preventable causes of death. Despite possessing knowledge about the consequences of smoking and the resultant non-communicable diseases, individuals have become considerably habituated to it. The study aims to identify the factors associated with smoking cigarettes and as well as to examine the existing situation of this issue among adult males in Bangladesh.Methods: Total 480 adult males were surveyed from Bangladesh through personal interview and online questionnaire, (from June 2018 to June 2019). To measure the effect of the explanatory variables on cigarettes smoking, authors perform χ2 test of independence as bivariate analysis. After performing bivariate analysis, a logistic regression analysis has been performed to assess the effect of the explanatory variables.Results: Findings of the study revealed that educational level, household economic status, media exposure, division have significant contribution for smoking cigarettes among the adult male in Bangladesh. A comparison of religious affiliation showed smoking cigarettes to be higher among non-muslim counterparts. Respondents living in rural area are found to have smoking cigarettes comparing with urban area.Conclusions: From the study it can be concluded that education and socio-economic status of male make a significant contribution in cigarettes smoking.

Prospective Study on Effect of Submucosal Alcohol Injection in Cases of Rectal Prolapse in Infants and Children

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to study the impact of sclerosing agent in cases of rectal prolapse in infants and children.Materials and Methods: A total of 200 cases of diagnosed rectal prolapse in infants and children attending a tertiary care ofWest Bengal were included in the study for the effect of submucosal injection of alcohol from a period of August 2016 to July2018. 1.5–2 ml of alcohol was linearly injected in three sites (two laterals and one posterior).Results: All 200 cases were followed at 3 months interval for a period of 2 years. One hundred and twenty-one patients (60.5%)had a duration of prolapse for 3–6 months. Forty-six patients (23.0%) had prolapse for more than 8 months and 33 (16.5%)patients had prolapse for more than 1 year. One hundred and ninety-one (90.5%) patients responded to a single injection. Fivepatients (2.5%) required the second injection. Four (2%) patients with age more than 10 years did not respond to the treatment.Twenty-five patients had fecal soiling for a period of 10–12 days. No infectious complication and no recurrence were observed.Conclusion: 2–5 ml of ethyl alcohol (96%) is effective for the treatment of rectal prolapse. The duration of rectal prolapsehad no deleterious effect on treatment; however, patients with age more than 10 years did not respond to sclerosing agent,probably due to different etiology.

Prevalence of hypertension and its significant correlates among Bangladeshi adults: a quantitative analysis from City Corporation Rangpur, Bangladesh

Background: Hypertension (HTN) is a common medical problem and the premier risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Hypertension is growing at a faster rate among all aged population. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of hypertension and to identify the significant risk factors of hypertension among the respondents.Methods: The sample of 1302 randomly selected respondents of various government offices at Rangpur City Corporation, Bangladesh are taken for this study. Hypertension was defined by the systolic blood pressure reading above 140 or the diastolic reading above 90 mmHg. Pre-hypertension was defined by the systolic blood pressure reading 120-139 or the diastolic reading 80-89 mmHg. Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension are presented as percentages. The significant association between the categorical variables is measured using Chi-square test.Results: It is found that the prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension (stage-1 HTN) among the respondents are 25% and 54%, respectively. Most of the respondents are in the pre-HTN stage, and at any time they may fall under hypertension. Respondent’s age, gender, residence, smoking habit, and physical activity are found as significant factors of hypertension.Conclusions: Reliable information about the prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors is very essential for growing awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension. Prevalence of hypertension is high among the study subjects. The male respondents who are at the higher age group, residing in the urban area, not taking regular physical exercise, and having smoking habit are found more prevalent cases of hypertension than the other counterparts.

Scenario of neonatal surgery in West Bengal with refrence to cases of anorectal malformation.

Pediatric Surgery, though a super specialty does not enjoy the glamour and importance like other specialities, though, dealing with the most delicate of mankind, the children. The reasons for this are manifold and the results of this, brutal. This is a retrospective study carried at the major institutes of West Bengal where departments of pediatric surgery exist. We have observed a gross discrepancy between the number of patients admitted for surgically correctable congenital malformations and the standard state/ national frequency of these disorders. We focus on the plight of a child not able to reach the leval III health care system with a pediatric surgical back up and analyze the pros and cons with constructive criticism of the existing system.

Dural biopsy-- an important prognostic indicator in tuberculous meningitis with hydrocephalus following shunt surgery.

This study has been carried out in the department of paediatric surgery, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, with an aim to prognosticate the postoperative outcome of the patients of hydrocephalus following tuberculous meningitis after placement of ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Amongst various variables, clinical grading at the time of operation was thought to be an important predictor for outcome following ventriculoperitoneal shunt, but unfortunately remained unpredictable in final outcome in many patients. In the present study, pre-operatively the patients were first graded clinically. In an attempt to prognosticate these patients, a tiny piece of dura was taken during placement of the ventriculoperitoneal shunt from the site of insertion of the shunt and the sample was sent for histopathological examination. Histopathological findings were classified as healthy dura and unhealthy dura (with cellular infiltration, fibrosis and calcification) and correlated with the postoperative clinical outcome. Out of total 28 patients treated from June, 2001 to September, 2005, 19 patients showed healthy dura and 9 patients showed unhealthy dura. Results in this study reveal that postoperative recovery and long term outcome of the patients with healthy dura are better and that of unhealthy dura are poor irrespective of pre-operative clinical grading. Fourteen (74%) out of 19 patients who had healthy dura improved satisfactorily whereas only 1 out of 9 patients who had unhealthy dura improved satisfactorily.