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2.
Artigo em Inglês | IMSEAR | ID: sea-85064

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To study the changing incidence of blood transfusion-related viral infections consequent to compulsory screening of blood and greater awareness of the problem, over the last five years. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study carried out at Medical College, Calcutta. Three groups each consisting of 100 subjects were selected for this study. Group A comprised multiple transfused patients who have also received transfusion before 1995. Group B comprised patients who had received transfusions only since 1995. Group C comprised of control patients who have never been transfused. The incidence of HBsAg +ve, anti-HCV +ve and HIV +ve cases were calculated and expressed as percentages and compared using the chi square test. RESULTS: The incidences of HBsAg +ve and anti-HCV +ve cases in the three groups were 20% and 16% in Group A, 7% and 6% in Group B and 4% and 2% in Group C. The difference between Group A and Group B were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The incidence of HBsAg and anti-HCV positive cases among the multi-transfused has decreased over the last five years.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Transfusão de Sangue/efeitos adversos , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Hepatite B/sangue , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/sangue , Hepatite C/sangue , Humanos , Índia/epidemiologia , Masculino
3.
Indian J Biochem Biophys ; 1999 Feb; 36(1): 51-4
Artigo em Inglês | IMSEAR | ID: sea-26873

RESUMO

The permissible limit of arsenic content in drinking water is 0.05 ppm, whereas, in many parts of West Bengal the arsenic level in drinking water is 0.1 ppm, frequently 0.3 ppm and even 3.0 ppm, though rarely. In order to assess possible risk to brain function by drinking such water, rats were given arsenic mixed in drinking water at the above four concentrations for 40 days. There was increased lipid peroxidation at all doses of arsenic, including the 'permissible limit', decrease in glutathione level, superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase activities, indicating the free-radical-mediated degeneration of brain.


Assuntos
Animais , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Intoxicação por Arsênico/metabolismo , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Índia , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Concentração Máxima Permitida , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Abastecimento de Água/análise
4.
J Indian Med Assoc ; 1998 Aug; 96(8): 236-8
Artigo em Inglês | IMSEAR | ID: sea-98498

RESUMO

A 5-year sentinel surveillance of diphtheria from 1989 to 1993 was undertaken at a rural medical college hospital. No significant change in the number of diphtheria cases was observed in spite of sustained high level of diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus vaccine-3 doses (DPT3) coverage. Most of the diphtheria cases occurred during July to November. Age distribution of diphtheria cases showed that more than 75% occurred above 2 years age (except in 1989) and around 65% cases above 3 years age. The age shift in diphtheria signified success of primary diphtheria immunisation, as well as indicated the lack of coverage with booster doses at appropriate ages. Because of high coverage with primary diphtheria immunisation there was decrease in circulating toxigenic C diphtheriae resulting in less natural boosting of antibody titre. Thus, in absence of booster immunisation, the older children and adults were more vulnerable to diphtheria. The findings of the study justified the need of emphasising importance of booster diphtheria immunisation at appropriate ages for effective control of diphtheria.


Assuntos
Adulto , Fatores Etários , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Difteria/epidemiologia , Toxoide Diftérico/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Humanos , Imunização , Imunização Secundária , Índia/epidemiologia , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estações do Ano , Vigilância de Evento Sentinela
5.
Indian J Physiol Pharmacol ; 1995 Jan; 39(1): 47-50
Artigo em Inglês | IMSEAR | ID: sea-108393

RESUMO

Hens treated with Mipafox (10 mg/kg, sc), sarin (50 micrograms/kg, sc) or parathion (1 mg/kg, sc) daily for 10 days exhibited severe, moderate and no ataxia respectively on 14th day after the start of exposure. The neurotoxic esterase (NTE) activity was significantly inhibited in the brain, spinal cord and platelets of hens treated with mipafox or sarin whereas no change was noticed with parathion treatment. All three compounds significantly inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the platelets. Spinal cord of hens treated with mipafox, sarin or parathion showed axonal degeneration heavy, moderate and none respectively. It is concluded that repeated administration of equitoxic doses of mipafox, sarin and parathion to hens are marked, moderate and non-delayed neurotoxic respectively.


Assuntos
Animais , Ataxia/induzido quimicamente , Plaquetas/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Hidrolases de Éster Carboxílico/antagonistas & inibidores , Sistema Nervoso Central/efeitos dos fármacos , Galinhas , Inibidores da Colinesterase/toxicidade , Feminino , Isoflurofato/administração & dosagem , Paration/administração & dosagem , Sarina/administração & dosagem , Medula Espinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade
7.
Indian J Physiol Pharmacol ; 1993 Jul; 37(3): 249-51
Artigo em Inglês | IMSEAR | ID: sea-106665

RESUMO

The effect of pretreatment of two carbamates, pyridostigmine and physostigmine on dynamic pulmonary mechanics has been studied in rats exposed to sarin aerosols. Sign-free dose of pyridostigmine (0.075 mg/kg, i.m.) or physostigmine (0.1 mg/kg, i.m.) did not significantly alter the parameters of the dynamic pulmonary mechanics 20 min after treatment. However, sarin (51.2 mg/m3, for 15 min) depressed the respiratory rate, air flow and minute volume and enhanced the transthoracic pressure and tidal volume. Pretreatment with carbamates 20 min prior to sarin exposure significantly modified or counteracted the above induced changes. It is concluded that the protective effect of carbamates is mainly due to the correction of respiratory changes caused by sarin aerosols in rats.


Assuntos
Aerossóis , Animais , Carbamatos/farmacologia , Masculino , Fisostigmina/farmacologia , Brometo de Piridostigmina/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Mecânica Respiratória/efeitos dos fármacos , Sarina/administração & dosagem
8.
Indian J Exp Biol ; 1989 Jun; 27(6): 568-73
Artigo em Inglês | IMSEAR | ID: sea-60625

RESUMO

Comparative detoxification of scorpion venom by using different chemical agents was investigated. Detoxification by formalin showed the best optimum detoxifying agent. The formalin treatment resulted in 2.3% protein loss with 6-fold detoxification. This formal toxoid was immunogenic in rabbit giving high neutralizing antibodies as revealed from indirect haemagglutination test. Toxoid antiserum protected mice against the lethal action of venom. It also effectively antagonized the smooth muscle contractile response of venom, and venom-induced neuromuscular paralysis. This toxoid antiserum also protected the venom-induced cardiac arrest. The possibility of using this formal toxoid for antisera production and immunization for therapeutic use needs to be explored.


Assuntos
Animais , Antivenenos/farmacologia , Formaldeído , Cobaias , Camundongos , Contração Muscular , Contração Miocárdica , Ratos , Venenos de Escorpião/antagonistas & inibidores , Escorpiões , Suínos , Ácido Tióctico/análogos & derivados , Toxoides/imunologia
9.
Artigo em Inglês | IMSEAR | ID: sea-19921

RESUMO

Immunological cross-reactivity and paraspecificity of scorpion H. bengalensis antivenom were studied to find out the intergeneric therapeutic relationship between the venom of other scorpions in West Bengal Buthus tamulus, Lychas laevifrons and Heterometrus swammerdami. Of these scorpions, Buthus tamulus and Lychas laevifrons failed to show any cross reactivity. However, H. swammerdami venom showed cross-reactivity with H. bengalensis antiserum as revealed from immunogeldiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. This antiserum protected H. swammerdami venom-induced lethality in mice, blocked the contractile response in smooth muscles and antagonised the venom-induced neuromuscular blockade in rat phrenic nerve diaphragm and chick biventer cervicis.


Assuntos
Animais , Antivenenos/imunologia , Reações Cruzadas , Índia , Camundongos , Músculo Liso/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculos/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Venenos de Escorpião/classificação
10.
Indian J Biochem Biophys ; 1989 Feb; 26(1): 1-4
Artigo em Inglês | IMSEAR | ID: sea-28193

RESUMO

The ribosomal RNA genes of catfish Heteropneustes fossilis Bloch were examined by Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA digested with restriction enzymes and probed with labelled catfish ribosomal RNA. The major repeat length is 12 kb and about 300 copies per haploid genome are tandemly arranged. The repeat lengths are homogeneous in size in different tissues and individuals. A restriction site polymorphism exists in some of the repeats.


Assuntos
Animais , Peixes-Gato/genética , DNA Ribossômico/classificação , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , RNA Ribossômico/classificação , Sequências Repetitivas de Ácido Nucleico
11.
Indian J Exp Biol ; 1989 Jan; 27(1): 47-51
Artigo em Inglês | IMSEAR | ID: sea-61948

RESUMO

An antiserum was prepared for the first time against the venom of a common scorpion, H. bengalensis, by hyperimmunization of rabbit. This antiserum showed positive precipitin bands in immunogeldiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. The serum showed a high titre value tested by indirect haemagglutination test. The antiserum developed in rabbit protected mice against the lethal action of the venom. Smooth muscle contractile response of venom on guinea pig ileum, and rat uterus was antagonized by the antiserum. This antiserum effectively antagonized the venom induced neuromuscular paralysis tested on rat phrenic nerve diaphragm and chick biventer cervices. Antiserum also protected the venom-induced cardiac arrest tested on isolated guineapig heart and auricle preparations.


Assuntos
Animais , Antivenenos/imunologia , Cobaias , Testes de Hemaglutinação , Imunodifusão , Imunoeletroforese , Camundongos , Ratos , Venenos de Escorpião
13.
J Indian Med Assoc ; 1985 Apr; 83(4): 122-3
Artigo em Inglês | IMSEAR | ID: sea-102839
16.
J Indian Med Assoc ; 1977 Nov; 69(9): 195-7
Artigo em Inglês | IMSEAR | ID: sea-97283
18.
J Indian Med Assoc ; 1976 Mar; 66(6): 130-1
Artigo em Inglês | IMSEAR | ID: sea-102727
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