Alimentación enteral: vías de infusión / Enteral feeding: routes of food intake

The study of digestive pathophysiology and scientific advnces showed a better knowledge related to the invaluable usefulness of the nutritional stage and the importance of the intestinal route for feeding purposes. In this consideration, the enteral feeding is elective considered not only in patients with an adquate digestive function but further more with some difficulties or swallowing disturbances, but also in those patients that because of their underlying pathology can not feed tremselves by mouth in a temporary way. The caloric support by the intestinal route con be performed by nasoenteral tubes or osteomas as gastrostomies, gastrojejunostomy, jejunostomies and hepato-jejunostomies. The aim of this report eas to show our results with the different ways of enteral feeding. These results are presented and discussed.

Distribution of sandflies (Diptera: Phlebotominae) in forest remnants and adjacent matrix habitats in Brazilian Amazonia

We studied the distribution of sandflies (Diptera: Phlebotominae) - insect vectors of several diseases, including leishmaniasis - at the interface between primary forest and cattle pasture and between primary forest and secondary forest (< 15 yr old) in Southern Brazilian Amazonia. Sandflies were collected by using a combination of light traps and traps having vertebrates as baits. Strong differences in abundance and species richness were found between primary forests and pastures. Very few sandfly species were found in the pastures, and those that were found generally occurred at lower densities when compared to the adjacent forest. At least one species (Lutzomyia lainsoni), however, can become extremely abundant in pastures, possibly depending on the presence of cattle and water bodies. Differences between primary forests and secondary forests were not so strong, although the latter usually had fewer species and lower population abundances. No species were exclusively found in pastures or secondary forests; the species present in these two habitats were a subset of those found in primary forests. The distance to the edge did not affect the abundance, richness and composition of sandfly species in primary forests. The abundance and richness of sandflies, however, was greater in forest edges facing pastures than those facing secondary forests. This pattern could not be explained by an influx of species and individuals from the adjacent pasture, suggesting the existence of in situ differences between the different types of forest edges studied.

Cancer colorrectoanal. Analisis de la mortalidad postoperatoria. / Colo-rectum-anal cancer. Analysis of postoperative mortality

Se presentan 423 resecciones por cancer colorrectoanal, efectuadas en los ultimos 10 anos Se analizan las causas de morbimortalidad en relacion a diversas variables y a distintos tipos de reseccion. La mortalidad postoperatoria global fue del 10,6%, descendiendo del 15,9% al 5,3% en 2 periodos sucesivos. Esta reduccion obedecio al mejor manejo pre, intra y postoperatorio de los pacientes. Se senalan los factores que adquieren mayor importancia para disminuir la morbimortalidad postoperatoria. Las rececciones paliativas, la cirugia no electiva y las operaciones en pacientes mayores de 70 anos fueron gravadas por una letalidad significativamente elevada al compararlas con la cirugia efectuada en ausencia de dichos factores. Se insiste en la necesidad de conocer estas variables cuando se desea confrontar los resultados de distintas series