RESUMO
Purpose: There is a clinical need for a cost?effective, reliable, easy?to?use, and portable retinal photography. The use of smartphone fundus photography for documentation of retinal changes in resource?limited settings, where retinal imaging was not previously possible, is studied here. The introduction of smartphone?based retinal imaging has resulted in the increase in available technologies for fundus photography. On account of the cost, fundus cameras are not readily available in ophthalmic practice in developing countries. Because smartphones are readily available, easy to use, and also portable, they present a low?cost alternative method in resource?limited settings. The aim is to explore the use of smartphones (iphones) for retinal imaging in resource?limited settings. Methods: A smartphone (iphone) was used to acquire retinal images with the use of +20 D lens in patients with dilated pupils by activating the video mode of the camera. Results: Clear retinal images were obtained in different clinical conditions in adults and children, including branch retinal vein occlusion with fibro?vascular proliferation, choroidal neo?vascular membranes, presumed ocular toxoplasmosis, diabetic retinopathy, retinoblastoma, ocular albinism, and hypertensive retinopathy. Conclusion: New inexpensive, portable, easy?to?operate cameras have revolutionized retinal imaging and screening programs and play an innovative role in research, education, and information sharing
RESUMO
Background: The usefulness of modified Cormack-Lehane scoring system (MCLS) used for laryngoscopy was introduced and used extensively Western population. This study was undertaken for evaluation of modified Cormack-Lehane scoring system in Indian population. Methods: 198 patients of more than 18 years of age requiring tracheal intubation were evaluated with preoperative airway predictors, the modified Mallampati test and thyromental distance (TMD). Result: The larynx was difficult to visualize (Cormack and Lehane grades IIIB and IV) in 18 / 198 (9.09 %) patients. No failed tracheal intubations occurred in any of the 18 cases. Conclusion: The Mallampati classification was associated with good predictive value for 3B and 4 of modified Cormack-Lehane scoring system. The MCLS better delineates the difficulty experienced during laryngoscopy than the original Cormack-Lehane grading.
RESUMO
Background. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is an evidence-based intervention in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) which improves the exercise capacity and quality of life (QoL). Methods. We studied 60 patients after an episode of acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD). They were randomised to receive conventional treatment without pulmonary rehabilitation (CTWPR) (n=30) or, standard treatment plus a 12-week post-exacerbation pulmonary rehabilitation (PEPR) programme in addition. Assessment of exercise capacity by six minute walk test (6MWT) and QoL measured by St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) were carried out initially and at the end of three months. Results. The baseline characteristics of both the groups were found to be similar. There was a statistically significant increase in the six minute walk distance (6MWD) (increase by 37.9 meters, p< 0.001) and a significant decline in the total SGRQ score (by 3.8 units p< 0.001) in the PEPR group compared to CTWPR group. Conclusion. Early pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with an AECOPD has significant benefits on the QoL and exercise capacity.