Impact of autologous whole blood administration upon experimental mouse models of acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection

Autologous whole blood (AWB) administration is described as alternative/complementary medical practice widely employed in medical and veterinary therapy against infections, chronic pathologies and neoplasias. Our aim is to investigate in vivo biological effect of AWB using healthy murine models under the course of Trypanosoma cruzi acute infection. Methods: The first set of studies consisted of injecting different volumes of AWB and saline (SAL) into the posterior region of quadriceps muscle of healthy male Swiss mice under distinct therapeutic schemes evaluating: animal behavior, body and organ weight, hemogram, plasmatic biochemical markers for tissue damage and inflammatory cytokine levels and profile. To assess the impact on the experimental T. cruzi infection, different schemes (prior and post infection) and periods of AWB administration (from one up to 10 days) were conducted, also employing heterologous whole blood (HWB) and evaluating plasma cytokine profile. Results: No major adverse events were observed in healthy AWB-treated mice, except gait impairment in animals that received three doses of 20 µL AWB in the same hind limb. AWB and SAL triggered an immediate polymorphonuclear response followed by mononuclear infiltrate. Although SAL triggered an inflammatory response, the kinetics and intensity of the histological profile and humoral mediator levels were different from AWB, the latter occurring earlier and more intensely with concomitant elevation of plasma IL-6. Inflammatory peak response of SAL, mainly composed of mononuclear cells with IL-10, was increased at 24 h. According to the mouse model of acute T. cruzi infection, only minor decreases (< 30%) in the parasitemia levels were produced by AWB and HWB given before and after infection, without protecting against mortality. Rises in IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and IL-6 were detected at 9 dpi in all infected animals as compared to uninfected mice but only Bz displayed a statistically significant diminution (p= 0.02) in TNF-alpha levels than infected and untreated mice. Conclusions: This study revealed that the use of autologous whole blood (AWB) in the acute model employed was unable to reduce the parasitic load of infected mice, providing only a minor decrease in parasitemia levels (up to 30%) but without protecting against animal mortality. Further in vivo studies will be necessary to elucidate the effective impact of this procedure.(AU)

Impact of autologous whole blood administration upon experimental mouse models of acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection

Background: Autologous whole blood (AWB) administration is described as alternative/complementary medical practice widely employed in medical and veterinary therapy against infections, chronic pathologies and neoplasias. Our aim is to investigate in vivo biological effect of AWB using healthy murine models under the course of Trypanosoma cruzi acute infection. Methods: The first set of studies consisted of injecting different volumes of AWB and saline (SAL) into the posterior region of quadriceps muscle of healthy male Swiss mice under distinct therapeutic schemes evaluating: animal behavior, body and organ weight, hemogram, plasmatic biochemical markers for tissue damage and inflammatory cytokine levels and profile. To assess the impact on the experimental T. cruzi infection, different schemes (prior and post infection) and periods of AWB administration (from one up to 10 days) were conducted, also employing heterologous whole blood (HWB) and evaluating plasma cytokine profile. Results: No major adverse events were observed in healthy AWB-treated mice, except gait impairment in animals that received three doses of 20 L AWB in the same hind limb. AWB and SAL triggered an immediate polymorphonuclear response followed by mononuclear infiltrate. Although SAL triggered an inflammatory response, the kinetics and intensity of the histological profile and humoral mediator levels were different from AWB, the latter occurring earlier and more intensely with concomitant elevation of plasma IL-6. Inflammatory peak response of SAL, mainly composed of mononuclear cells with IL-10, was increased at 24 h. According to the mouse model of acute T. cruzi infection, only minor decreases ( 30%) in the parasitemia levels were produced by AWB and HWB given before and after infection, without protecting against mortality. Rises in IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and...

Aspectos histológicos das lesões hepatotóxicas no exame post mortem de bovinos / Histological aspects of hepatotoxic lesions in the bovine post mortem exam

A Bracharia sp. tem sido incriminada de intoxicação em ruminantes, acarretando quadros de fotossensibilização hepatógena, pela ingestão de saponinas esteroidas. O fígado pode apresentar totalidade desde levemente esbranquiçada até amarelada. Microscopicamente, podem ser vistos macrófagos espumosos distribuídos pelo parênquima hepático e cristais opticamente ativos na luz dos ductos biliares. De um total de 220 amostras, foram observados 41 (18,63) casos de macrófagos espumosos em fígados de bovinos provenientes dos estados de São Paulo e Goiás. As principais características histológicas de tais células foram a disposição em ninhos, em grandes massas subcapsulares ou difusa no parênquima que determinou, inclusive a formação de ilhotas de hepatócitos, fibrose e hiperplasia por ductos biliares. Notou-se, também, colangiohepatite granulomatosa, rica em células gigantes multinucleadas, centralizada por cristais birrefrigentes. Em alguns casos o órgão apresentou aspecto leitoso ou características de esteatose, mas em sua maioria a coloração era normal. Tendo em vista o caráter tóxico da Bracharia sp. sugere-se que o fiscal agropecuário aplique os dispositivos regulamentares cabíveis em qualquer caso de alteração de tonalidade do fígado e associe as manifestações clínicas de fotossensibilização com possíveis lesões hepáticas no exame post mortem.

Metaplasia cartilaginosa renal em espada Trichiurus lepturus L. (Teleostei: Trichiuridae) / Renal metaplastic cartilage in cutlass fish Trichiurus lepturus L. (Teleostei: Trichiuridae)

O presente trabalho registra a presença de metaplasia cartilaginosa em rim de peixes "espada" (Trichiurus lepturus), capturados no litoral de Niterói, RJ. O exame histopatológico revelou estruturas nodulares levemente basófilas circundadas por uma fina faixa de tecido conjuntivo inflamatório