Identification of key genes and pathways involved in response to pain in goat and sheep by transcriptome sequencing

PURPOSE: This aim of this study was to investigate the key genes and pathways involved in the response to pain in goat and sheep by transcriptome sequencing. METHODS: Chronic pain was induced with the injection of the complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in sheep and goats. The animals were divided into four groups: CFA-treated sheep, control sheep, CFA-treated goat, and control goat groups (n = 3 in each group). The dorsal root ganglions of these animals were isolated and used for the construction of a cDNA library and transcriptome sequencing. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in CFA-induced sheep and goats and gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was performed. RESULTS: In total, 1748 and 2441 DEGs were identified in CFA-treated goat and sheep, respectively. The DEGs identified in CFA-treated goats, such as C-C motif chemokine ligand 27 (CCL27), glutamate receptor 2 (GRIA2), and sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 3 (SCN3A), were mainly enriched in GO functions associated with N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, inflammatory response, and immune response. The DEGs identified in CFA-treated sheep, such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-related DEGs (gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor gamma 3 subunit [GABRG3], GABRB2, and GABRB1), SCN9A, and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1), were mainly enriched in GO functions related to neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, NMDA receptor, and defense response. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that NMDA receptor, inflammatory response, and immune response as well as key DEGs such as CCL27, GRIA2, and SCN3A may regulate the process of pain response during chronic pain in goats. Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and NMDA receptor as well as GABA-related DEGs, SCN9A, and TRPV1 may modulate the process of response to pain in sheep. These DEGs may serve as drug targets for preventing chronic pain.

Variation of Serum Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 in Patients with Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

This study investigated the variation of serum monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)in patients with both diabetes mellitus (DM) and metabolic syndrome (MS).Based on the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) diagnostic criteria,93 patients enrolled in this study were divided into four groups:normal control (NC),simple DM,simple MS,and DM plus MS (DM-MS) groups.The main measures included height,weight,waist circumference (WC),hip circumference,blood pressure,fasting blood glucose,insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR),serum triglyceride (TG),HDL-ch,LDL-ch,and MCP-1.The results showed that the serum levels of MCP-1 in the DM-MS group were significantly increased as compared with those in the DM and MS groups (P＜0.05),and the increase in the MCP-1 level in the DM group was much higher than in the MS group (P＜0.05).The DM-MS group had the highest HOMA-IR levels,followed by MS,DM and NC groups (P＜0.05).Correlation tests showed that the association of MCP-1 with age,HDL-ch,or LDL-ch was insignificant,whereas that of MCP-1 with body mass index (BMI),waist hip rate (WHR),WC,systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure (DBP),TG,and HOMA-IR was significantly positive.It was concluded that circulating MCP-1 was substantially increased in patients with both DM and MS as compared with that in the patients with DM or MS alone,and the central obese state may contribute to a more vicious proinflammatory condition and insulin resistance in patients with diabetes.