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Objective@#To explore the effectiveness of preventive treatment for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) patients, so as to provide reference for the management and preventive treatment of clustered epidemic in schools.@*Methods@#Data came from the school tuberculosis outbreak of a boarding high school in Kaizhou District, Chongqing, which occurred between June 2017 and March 2018 among 2016 grade high school teachers and students for investigation and analysis. The total incidence, LTBI patients, and the incidence after preventive treatment for 5 years were followed up.@*Results@#A total of 34 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis from June 2017 to March 2018. A total of 1 357 individuals were screened for 6 concentrated contact screenings, with a confirmed tuberculosis rate of 2.43%, a tuberculosis skin test (TST) positive rate of 27.41%, and a strong TST positive rate of 7.39%. Among them, the confirmed tuberculosis rate and TST positive rate in the first case class were much higher than those in other classes, with statistically significant differences ( χ 2=286.30, 98.59, P ＜0.01). 88 cases of LTBI were found, with 31 cases receiving preventive treatment (35.23%), of which 28 completed preventive treatment (90.32%). After five years of follow-up, 73 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were diagnosed in 2016 by the school senior high school, with a incidence rate of 0.98/10 2 (person/person years). Fifteen of the 88 LTBI patients were diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis, and the incidence rate was 3.33/10 2 (person/person years). The incidence rate of the preventive treatment group was 0.7/10 2 (person/person years)lower than that of the medical observation group 4.5/10 2 (person/person years), with a statistically significant difference ( χ 2=4.31, P ＜0.05).@*Conclusion@#The classes with higher TST positive rate and strong positive rate have higher incidence rate. Improving the preventive treatment rate of LTBI patients can effectively reduce the incidence rate of tuberculosis.
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Objective To explore the relationship between advancing age and the risk of developing coronary artery disease(CAD) ,type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM ) ,and both coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus(CAD+ T2DM ). Methods A case-control study was conducted to investigate the relationship between advancing age and the risk of CAD ,T2DM ,and CAD+ T2DM in middle-aged and elderly patients. Results Aging was independently associated with increased risk of T2DM and CAD + T2DM (P＜0.05).Compared with patients aged below 60 ,the risk of T2DM was higher in patients aged 70 or over(OR＝3.80 ,95% CI :2.39-6.04 ,P＝0.000) ;The risk of CAD+ T2DM was lower in patients aged below 60 than in patients aged 60 to 69(OR＝4.14 ,95% CI :2.60-6.60 ,P＝ 0.000)and in patients aged 70 or over (OR ＝ 11.50 ,95% CI :7.18-18.42 ,P＝ 0.000) . Patients of older ages had a 2.78 times higher risk of developing CAD+ T2DM. Conclusions The onset of T2DM ,and CAD+ T2DM is associated with age.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of red light irradiation on serum phosphorus reduction in hemodialysis.Methods Sixty maintenance hemodialysis patients were divided into treatment group and control group.During the hemodialysis,the blood in the extracorporeal circulation tube of the patents in the treatment group was irradiated with red light by a MRX-1 red light therapy system.The irradiation was continued for 60 minutes each time,and one course of the treatment contained 10 times of irradiations.Patients in the control group were subjected to hemodialysis by conventional methods.The serum phosphate levels of all patients were measured before and after the treatment.Results The symptoms of dialysis disequilibrium of the patients in the treatment group were alleviated.There was no significant difference in serum phosphate levels between the treatment group and the control group before hemodialysis,while a statistically significant difference was found after the treatment (P＜0.05).Conclusions Hemodialysis combined with red light irradiation on external blood trails can contribute to the decrease of serum phosphate levels in maintenance hemodialysis patients.
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Objective To analyze the age distribution and stone composition of female patients with urinary calculi,and to provide the direction and ideas for clinical treatment. Methods 198 patients with urinary calculi were selected. The age,stone parts of patients were recorded,the stone composition was analyzed. Results In this study, there were 198 female patients with urinary calculi,2 cases≤25 years old,accounting for 1. 01%,20 patients >25~45 years,accounting for 10. 10%,109 patients >45~65 years,accounting for 55. 05 %,>65 years old patients in 67 cases, accounting for 33. 84%. The main components of calcium stones were calcium carbonate components, carbonated apatite components, magnesium hexahydrate phosphate components, uric acid components, cystine components. The calcium oxalate composition stone in 158 cases, accounting for 79. 80%. There were 135 cases (68. 18%) of carbonate-containing apatite. 8 cases of magnesium sulfate hexahydrate, accounting for 4. 04%. 40 cases of uric acid-containing stones,accounting for 20. 20%. 12 cases of cystic acid containing stones,accounting for 6. 06%. 198 female cases with stones were divided into mixed stones and simple stones. The mixed stones were mainly calcium oxalate + carbonate apatite,calcium oxalate + urate,calcium oxalate + cystine,carbonate apatite +magnesium phosphate hexahydrate,calcium oxalate + carbonated apatite + uric acid,calcium oxalate + carbonate apatite + cystine,carbonate apatite + magnesium phosphate hexahydrate + uric acid) . The simple stones were mainly calcium oxalate,carbonated apatite,uric acid and uric acid. According to the main components of the stone, they were divided into 131 cases of calcium oxalate, uric acid-based 23 cases, cystine-based 8 cases, 21 cases of carbonate apatite,magnesium phosphate hexahydrate mainly in 15 cases. According to the position of urinary tract stones,they were divided into upper urinary tract stones in 171 cases,27 cases of lower urinary tract stones. Conclusion Female urinary tract stones in patients with high incidence in postmenopausal and old age, according to different components of stones should avoid the relevant dietary intake in order to avoid recurrence.
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Objective To analyze the age distribution and stone composition of female patients with urinary calculi,and to provide the direction and ideas for clinical treatment. Methods 198 patients with urinary calculi were selected. The age,stone parts of patients were recorded,the stone composition was analyzed. Results In this study, there were 198 female patients with urinary calculi,2 cases≤25 years old,accounting for 1. 01%,20 patients >25~45 years,accounting for 10. 10%,109 patients >45~65 years,accounting for 55. 05 %,>65 years old patients in 67 cases, accounting for 33. 84%. The main components of calcium stones were calcium carbonate components, carbonated apatite components, magnesium hexahydrate phosphate components, uric acid components, cystine components. The calcium oxalate composition stone in 158 cases, accounting for 79. 80%. There were 135 cases (68. 18%) of carbonate-containing apatite. 8 cases of magnesium sulfate hexahydrate, accounting for 4. 04%. 40 cases of uric acid-containing stones,accounting for 20. 20%. 12 cases of cystic acid containing stones,accounting for 6. 06%. 198 female cases with stones were divided into mixed stones and simple stones. The mixed stones were mainly calcium oxalate + carbonate apatite,calcium oxalate + urate,calcium oxalate + cystine,carbonate apatite +magnesium phosphate hexahydrate,calcium oxalate + carbonated apatite + uric acid,calcium oxalate + carbonate apatite + cystine,carbonate apatite + magnesium phosphate hexahydrate + uric acid) . The simple stones were mainly calcium oxalate,carbonated apatite,uric acid and uric acid. According to the main components of the stone, they were divided into 131 cases of calcium oxalate, uric acid-based 23 cases, cystine-based 8 cases, 21 cases of carbonate apatite,magnesium phosphate hexahydrate mainly in 15 cases. According to the position of urinary tract stones,they were divided into upper urinary tract stones in 171 cases,27 cases of lower urinary tract stones. Conclusion Female urinary tract stones in patients with high incidence in postmenopausal and old age, according to different components of stones should avoid the relevant dietary intake in order to avoid recurrence.