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1.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 45: e149, 2021. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, UY-BNMED, BNUY | ID: biblio-1425720

RESUMO

Objective: this paper assesses the availability and quality of death certificate data in Latin America and the feasibility of using these data to study place of death and associated factors. Methods: in this comparative study, we collected examples of current official death certificates and digital data files containing information about all deaths that occurred during 1 year in 19 Latin American countries. Data were collected from June 2019 to May 2020. The records for place of death and associated variables were studied. The criteria for data quality were completeness, number of ill-defined causes of death and timeliness. Results: all 19 countries provided copies of current official death certificates and 18 of these registered the place of death. Distinguishing among hospital or other health care institution, home and other was possible for all countries. Digital data files with death certificate data were available from 12 countries and 1 region. Three countries had data considered to be of high quality and seven had data considered to be of medium quality. Categories for place of death and most of the predetermined factors possibly associated with place of death were included in the data files. Conclusions: the quality of data sets was rated medium to high in 10 countries. Hence, death certificate data make it feasible to conduct an international comparative study on place of death and the associated factors in Latin America.


Assuntos
Humanos , Controle de Qualidade , Atestado de Óbito , Causas de Morte , América Latina
2.
Dolor ; 22(59): 18-25, jul.2013. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-779241

RESUMO

El sostenido aumento de enfermedades neoplásicas ha generado inquietud por mejorar la calidad de vida de pacientes con cáncer avanzado, a través del apropiado manejo del dolor y de brindar cuidados paliativos en estos pacientes. Con esta visión, el año1995 surge el Programa Nacional de Alivio del Dolor por Cáncer y Cuidados Paliativos (PAD y CP) del Ministerio de Salud de Chile, el cual posteriormente se incorpora al sistema de Acceso Universal a Garantías Explícitas en Salud (GES) para el manejo de pacientes con cáncer avanzado. El presente estudio evaluó la efectividad de este programa en cuanto a la disminución de dolor en los pacientes atendidos desde el año 1995 a 2009, en la red de salud pública del país, y su relación a factores clínicos y sociodemográficos. Metodología: Se consideró el universo de pacientes atendidos yegresados del programa por fallecimiento al año 2009. Se analizaron asociaciones entre variables sociodemográficas y clínicas, a través de análisis de correspondencia y regresión logística, multinomial y ordinal, y se evaluó la sobrevida de los pacientes desde el ingreso.La disminución de dolor se midió a través de la variación obtenida en la Escala Visual Análoga (EVA) entre el ingreso y el egreso al programa. Como mejoría del dolor, se consideró lograr una reducción de al menos un 50 por ciento del dolor reportado al ingreso. La asociación a mejoría de dolor de factores clínicos o demográficos, se evaluó por regresión logística múltiple. Resultados: La mediana de sobrevida encontrada en la serie fue de 3 meses. La mejoría de al menos el 50 por ciento del EVA de ingreso se logró en el 90 por ciento de los casos. Esta respuesta se asoció directamente a mayor severidad de dolor al ingreso e inversamente,a ocho localizaciones específicas de cáncer y tumores de origen desconocidos, permitiendo la creación de un modelo predictivo de mejoría de dolor, de alta sensibilidad (cercana a 100 por ciento), valor predictivo positivo y negativo...


The sustained increase of neoplastic diseases has generated concern to improve the quality of life of patients with advanced cancer, providing appropriate pain managementand palliative care in these patients. With this vision, in 1995the National Program of Cancer Pain Relief and Palliative Care(PAD and CP) of the Ministry of Health was created in Chilean later incorporated to the Universal access system for Explicit Guarantees on Health (GES) for the management of patients with advanced cancer. This study evaluated the efficacy of this program in terms of decreasing pain in patients attended from 1995 to 2009, in the public health network,and its relationship to clinical and sociodemographic factors. Methodology: All patients attended and graduated from the program due to death until 2009 were considered like study’s universe. We analyzed associations between sociodemographic and clinical variables by correspondence analysis and logistic regression, multinomial and ordinal, and we evaluated the survival of patients from admission. The decrease of pain was measured through the variation obtained in the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) between admission and exit the program. Pain relief is considered as achieving a reduction of at least 50 percent reported pain at admission time. The association between clinical improvement in pain and clinical and demographic factors was assessed by multiple logistic regression. This response was directly associated with higher severity of pain at admission and inversely, with eight specific locations of cancer and tumors of unknown origin, allowing us to create a predictive model about improving pain with high sensitivity(near 100 percent), positive and negative predictive value (about80 percent).Conclusions: The PAD and CP program is effective in reducing pain in advanced cancer. This improvement can be affected by the lower intensity of pain at entry to the program and determined locations of neoplastic disease...


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adulto Jovem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cuidados Paliativos na Terminalidade da Vida/estatística & dados numéricos , Dor Crônica/epidemiologia , Dor Crônica/terapia , Neoplasias/epidemiologia , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Distribuição por Idade e Sexo , Chile , Cuidados Paliativos/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Longitudinais , Neoplasias/terapia , Medição da Dor , Análise de Sobrevida
3.
Cuad. méd.-soc. (Santiago de Chile) ; 51(3): 111-122, 2011. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-690999

RESUMO

Las enfermedades no transmisibles (ENTs), cardiovasculares, cáncer, diabetes y enfermedades respiratorias crónicas son la principal causa de muerte en Chile y en el mundo. Cuatro factores de riesgo conductuales: tabaquismo, dieta no saludable, actividad física insuficiente y el consumo perjudicial de alcohol, asociados a la transición económica, la urbanización acelerada y el estilo de vida del siglo XXI, son en gran parte la causa de estas enfermedades, las que emergen como un desafío macroeconómico para el desarrollo. La pandemia de ENTs tiene su origen en la pobreza y afecta en forma desproporcionada a los más desposeídos. Las intervenciones que han demostrado ser más efectivas para reducir las ENTs son aquellas dirigidas a prevenir los factores de riesgo señalados a nivel poblacional. Aunque Chile ha suscrito las principales iniciativas propuestas por la OMS para combatir los factores de riesgo señalados, su implementación es aún incompleta. El país ha avanzado en muchos aspectos, pero tiene importantes desafíos en términos de la vigilancia de las ENTs, el fortalecimiento de la APS, incluyendo los recursos humanos y financiamiento, y la incorporación de tecnologías. Abordar los factores de riesgo y los determinantes sociales de la salud excede la capacidad del sector salud y requiere una respuesta multisectorial con la participación del sector público, privado, la sociedad civil y la colaboración internacional. La reunión de alto nivel en Naciones Unidas en septiembre 2011, sobre Prevención y Control de las Enfermedades no Transmisibles señala el inicio de un proceso para abordar las ENTs para el cual se requiere el liderazgo del Estado de Chile para prevenir o mitigar el impacto de estas enfermedades en las personas, particularmente en aquellas más vulnerables.


Non communicable diseases (NCDs) are the main cause of death worldwide and in Chile. Behavioural risk factors – tobacco, an unhealthy diet, insufficient physical exercise, and alcohol abuse, together with the economic transition, swift urbanization and the 21st century lifestyles are the main cause of these conditions, which in turn are a macroeconomic challenge to development. The NCDs pandemic is rooted in poverty and particularly affects the poor. The interventions that have proved to be most effective in reducing the NCDs are those aimed at the prevention, at population level, of the above mentioned factors. Although Chile has accepted the main initiatives proposed by WHO in order to fight those factors, their implementation is still not complete. Progress has been achieved in some aspects, but important challenges remain in the areas of epidemiological surveillance of NCDs, and of PHC strengthening particularly in regard to human, financial and technological resources. The task of addressing the risk factors and the social determinants of health excedes the capability of the health care sector and requires a multisectorial response, with the participation of the public and private sectors, civil society and international collaboration. The UN high level Meeting on Prevention and Control of NCDs, in September 2011, marks the beginning of a process for which the leadership of the Chilean Government is required in order to prevent or mitigate the impact of these diseases on individuals, and particulrly on the most vulnerable ones.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Neoplasias/epidemiologia , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Chile/epidemiologia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Prevenção de Doenças , Doença Crônica/prevenção & controle , Doenças Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Mão de Obra em Saúde , Promoção da Saúde , Cooperação Internacional , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Política de Saúde , Fatores de Risco , Distribuição por Sexo , Fatores Socioeconômicos
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