Influence of antiretroviral therapy on bone metabolism of patients with chronic hepatitis B: a review

Abstract Hepatitis B is a major public health problem worldwide and associated with significant mortality. To prevent or delay the deleterious effects of chronic infection by the hepatitis B virus, patients should be carefully followed, and antiviral therapy indicated according to specific recommendations. Currently, available drugs inhibit viral replication and slow or stop the progression of inflammation and fibrosis of the liver. However, the drugs for oral use in the treatment of hepatitis B, jointly referred to as nucleoside/nucleotide analogs, are indicated for prolonged use and have potential side effects. The reduction in bone mineral density was associated with the use of tenofovir, already evaluated in patients infected with HIV because the drug is also part of the therapeutic arsenal for this viral infection. There are few studies on the effects of tenofovir in patients with mono hepatitis B. Therefore, this literature review proposes to examine how hepatitis B acts in the body and the mechanisms by which antiretroviral drugs (especially tenofovir) can affect bone metabolism.

Determinação do potencial genotóxico "in vivo"doBenzo[e]pireno,Dibenzo[A,H]Antraceno, Naftaleno e Antraceno presentes na fuligem da queimada da cana-de-açucar / Determination of genetoxic potential in vivo of Benzo[e]pyrene, Dibenz[A,H] Anthracene, Naphthalene and Anthracene present in soot from burning sugarcane

O objetivo deste estudo foi detectar a presença de antraceno,naftaleno, benzo[e]pireno e dibenzo[a,h]antraceno na fuligem dacana-de-açúcar e avaliar a toxicidade in vivo por meio da frequênciamédia de aberrações cromossômicas. A análise cromatográfi ca(em fase gasosa) efetuada na fuligem revelou a presença doshidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (HPA) estudados. O testede micronúcleo, realizado em células ósseas de camundongos,mostrou que benzo[e]pireno e dibenzo[a,h]antraceno apareceramcom frequência aumentada no micronúcleo nas doses testadas.No entanto, o antraceno e o naftaleno não apresentaram potencialgenotóxico. Os dados sugerem que é necessário considerar opotencial de risco oferecido pela fuligem para os cortadores de canae para a população que vive em áreas canavieiras.