The starch and total sugar content of Mexican fruit and vegetables / Contenido de almidón y azúcares totales en frutas y verduras de México

The starch and total sugar contents of 20 types of fruit, 28 types of vegetables and six differents herbs, grown in Mexico, were analysed. The selection was based on dietary surgery to identify those foods most widely consumed. Starch was determined by an enzymatic method whilst total sugar was determined gravimetrically. The foods were grouped according to the Southgate classification. Fruits contained little starch (range 0-4g/100g fresh weight (FW) except in the case of the plantain (31g/100g FW starch), ehereas vegetables showed a higher concentration with tubers in the range 10-20g/100g FW starch. Legumes contained 0-5g/100g FW; amongst the capsicum group the chilli poblano had the highest concentration at 1.3g/100g FW starch. The concentration of sugars in fruits ranged from 0,6g/100g FW to 21.1g/100g FW

Dietary fibre, what it is and how it is measured / Fibra dietary: que es y como se mide

Carbohydrates are the major compoment of the human diet and are an important source of energy. The World Health Organization recommends that 50-70 per cent of ingested carbohydrates should be in the form of polysaccharides such as starch. A smal proportion of dietary carbohydrate is in the form of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) (Dietary Fibre). Dietary Fibre is a medically important component of the diet since epidemiological evidence links it with the etiology of various diseases. Scientists have engaged in trying to understand the mechanism by which dietary fibre prevents disease. This article highlighst the lack of consensus on its chemical definition and the advantages and disadvantages of the two main methods used to measure it. There are the enzymic gravimetric method (AOOAC) that measure fibre as the weight of residual matter following enzymic treatment of the food; and the enzymic chemical method that identifies and measures fibre from its chemical components. The latter method, proposed by Englyst and Cummings measures dietary fibre as NSP and gives detailed information about its components. This is important for interpreting epidemiological and physiological studies. The precise and confident measure of the different components of carbohydrates is important in Latin America. It will allow a coherent, scientific and rational approach to the role of carbohydrates in health