RESUMO
DNA is an important biological molecule that contains genetic information. Ionizing radiation generally exists in the environment of modern uranium mining, radiological medicine and nuclear power plants. Improper protection of the human body against ionizing radiation may cause various types of DNA damage, make genome splicing unstable, and cause various biological diseases related to cancer and aging. The development of DNA radiation damage detection technology is helpful for researchers to assess the extent of biological radiation damage and to diagnose and treat patients with nuclear radiation. In this paper, the domestic and abroad research progress in DNA radiation damage detection methods was reviewed, in which the principles, functions, advantages and disadvantages of relevant detection methods were described, and the future development direction of DNA radiation damage detection methods was prospected.