RESUMO
Introduction: Anterior cerebral artery (ACA), the smaller terminal branch of the internal carotid artery is significantclinically due to its wide variety of complexity and technical difficulty in surgical procedures.Methods and materials: This study was done in 50 embalmed adult brain hemispheres at Institute of Anatomy,Madras Medical College, Tamilnadu. The study of the anterior cerebral artery was undertaken to observe themode of origin, its course and branches.Results: Anterior cerebral artery originated from the internal carotid artery in 100% of specimens. ACA passedabove optic nerve in 32 specimens (64%), above optic chiasma in 16 specimens (32%) and above optic tract in 2specimens (4%). The average length of A1 segment of right ACA and left ACA were 14.3 mm and 13.7 mm respectively.The difference in diameter of 1mm or more on both sides was observed in 8%. Left A1 segment was duplicated in1 specimen (2%). Median artery of corpus callosum and Azygous anterior cerebral artery were found in onespecimen each. Fenestration of A2 segment was observed in one specimen (4%). Heubner’s artery arose from A2segment in 32 (64%) specimens, from A1 segment in 6 (12%) specimens and from the level of ACoA in 12 (24%)specimens. The orbitofrontal artery originated on an average distance of 5.73mm on right side and average of4.82mm on left side. Frontopolar artery(FPA) originated at a distance of about 20.2mm on right side and 17.6mmon left side. Callosomarginal artery and pericallosal artery were found in all the specimens. In one specimen theright FPA originated from callosomarginal artery.Conclusion: Rapidly advancing fields of vascular neurosurgery and interventional neuroradiology techniquesrequire a thorough understanding of the anatomy. This detailed study done under various parameters wouldbenefit the radiologists and neurosurgeons.
RESUMO
Background: The supratrochlear foramen (STF), alternatively termed septal aperture of humerus is a deficit of the bony septum in the distal end of humerus that separates the coronoid fossa from the olecranon fossa. The study is focused on the STF owing to its significance in the preoperative planning of supracondylar fractures of humerus. The humerus with STF has narrow medullary canal so ante grade route is advised for nailing supracondylar fractures in humerus with STF. Materials: This study was conducted on 355 dry human humeri belonging to south Indian race. Results: The supratrochlear foramen was present in 76 bones (21.4%). The incidence of STF was more on the left side (23.3%) than the right side (19.6%). The transverse and vertical diameters of STF were measured using digital Vernier caliper. The mean transverse diameter on right side was 5.67 ± 1.71 mm and 5.39 ± 1.57 mm on left side. The mean vertical diameter was 3.9 ± 1.32 mm on right side and 3.84 ± 1.20 mm on left side. Various shapes of STF were noted among which oval shape was maximum. The translucent septum was frequently found more on the right side (56.3%). Conclusions: The STF may be mistakenly interpreted as a cyst or tumors in X rays. Besides its anthropological interest, the knowledge of STF will be helpful for orthopedic surgeons and radiologists.