Pseudoneoplasia calificante del neuroeje / Calcifying pseudo tumor of CNS

Objetive: to present a case of Calcifying Pseudoneoplasm of the Neuraxis (CPN). Description: a 17 years old woman, with menstrual disorders and a mild hyperprolactinemia. She suffered from a chronic and moderate headache with normal clinic and neurologic examination. Brain non contrast CT showed a hyperdense mass in the right frontal lobe with dural relationship. In MRI it was a non enhancing T1 weighted hyperintense lesion, and a T2 weighted hypointense mass. The sellar region was clean. Intervention: surgery with total excision was performed. The lesion was an off white an avascular tumor with meningeal adherence. It revealed a calcifiyed part and a soft mucoid portion. Histologically it presented amorphous, acellular chondromixoid matrix surrounded by pallisading spindle to polygonal epitheloid cells. These were tipically EMA positive and negative to GFAP. All these features led to the diagnosis of Calcifying Pseudoneoplasm of the Neuraxis. Conclusion: the CPN must be considered in the diagnosis and management of any patient with calcifyied, ossifyied mass of the Central Nervous System.

Inmunohistoquímica de la proteína p16INK4a en biopsias y extendidos cervicovaginales y su relación con HPV por PCR / Immunohistochemistry of p16INK4a in biopsies and cervicovaginal smears, and its correlation with HPV detected by PCR

Estudios recientes sugieren que la sobreexpresión de p16, determinada por inmunohistoquímica, sería un marcador específico de células escamosas displásicas y neoplásicas con alta asociación con HPV de alto riesgo. Nuestro objetivo fue correlacionar los hallazgos cito/histológicos con la expresión de p16 y el subtipo de HPV por PCR. Seleccionamos 95 biopsias de cuello uterino y 4 legrados endocervicales de 99 individuos, y 30 extendidos cervicovaginales de otros 30 individuos, que se dividieron según el diagnóstico morfológico. Inmunomarcamos cortes del material incluido en parafina y los extendidos con el kit CINtecT p16INK4a (DAKO). Evaluamos HPV por PCR utilizando 25/99 biopsias con lesión intraepitelial escamosa de bajo grado. Observamos marcación positiva para p16 en 1/35 biopsias (2.9%) y 1/11 extendidos (9%) en los grupos sin HPV ni displasia; 16/25 biopsias (64%) y 6/10 extendidos (60%) en aquellos con lesión de bajo grado y 38/39 biopsias (97.4%) y 8/9 extendidos (89%) en los grupos con lesión de alto grado y carcinoma escamoso. Todas las muestras con HPV-6/11 fueron negativas o positivas focales para p16, en tanto que aquellas con HPV-18 u otros subtipos fueron mayoritariamente positivas de tipo difuso. Concluimos que la expresión de p16 presenta alta correlación con el diagnóstico cito/histológico y alta asociación entre la marcación difusa y la presencia de HPV de alto riesgo, aportando mayor objetividad en casos dudosos y ayudando a seleccionar grupos de individuos con riesgo de progresión de enfermedad, con un costo aceptable para estudiar grandes grupos.

Recent studies suggest that p16 overexpression determined by immunohistochemistry would be a specific marker for neoplastic and dysplastic squamous cells associated with high-risk HPV. The purpose of this study was to assess the correlation between cyto-histological findings, p16 expression and HPV subtype. A total of 99 biopsies were selected, 4 endocervical curettages and 95 uterine cervix biopsies, as well as 30 cervicovaginal smears from other 30 patients. The samples were divided according to the morphological diagnosis. Paraffin-embedded sections and cervicovaginal smears were immunostained using the CINtecT p16INK4a Cytology Kit (DAKO). HPV was analyzed by PCR in 25 of the 99 biopsies with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. Among those patients with neither HPV nor dysplasia, 1 of 35 (2.9%) biopsies and 1 of 11 (9%) smears were positive for p16. Sixteen of 25 (64%) biopsies and 6 of 10 (60%) smears of the low-grade lesion cases, and 38 of 39 (97.4%) biopsies and 8 of 9 (89%) smears of the high-grade lesion and squamous carcinoma were positive for p16. All cases of HPV-6/11 were negative or focally positive for p16. Most cases of HPV-18 or other subtypes were diffusely positive. Our results indicate that p16 expression is highly correlated with cyto-histological diagnosis, and is associated with diffuse staining and high-risk HPV. This technique provides greater objectivity in doubtful cases, and helps select patients at risk of disease progression at an acceptable cost when used in large populations.