Synthesis, In-vivo estimation of Novel 3-(6-Substituted Benzthiazole-2-yl /Oxadiazole-2-yl)-2-Substituted 4-Quinazolineones

Even with all of the new and old therapies available, seizure management is infamously difficult. Scientists will continue to search for novel drugs with high selectivity and low central nervous system side effects in the hopes of finding the newest and most effective treatment. This work designates the synthesis of several 4- quinazolinones substituted with oxadiazoles and benzothiazoles through condensation of 2-substituted-4H-benzo(1,3)-oxazin-4-ones with substituted-oxadiazole and 6-substituted-benzothiazol-2-amine. The title compounds were confirmed through IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR analyses. The compounds evaluated for anticonvulsant activity. Compounds A3, A4, A9, A5, A10 possess good potential. They reduce the extent of tonic phase up to 1.3 to 1.1 seconds and stupor up to 100 to 51 seconds with absence of straub phase when compared to the control group.

Congenital complete heart block in a neonate-not always maternal lupus

Congenital complete heart block (CCHB) is a rare cardiac disorder in neonates and maternal lupus is the most common cause. More rarely, CCHB can be associated with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries. In this case, the neonate was born via emergency caesarean section due to bradycardia. Post-natal electrocardiogram and echocardiography confirmed the diagnosis. A pacemaker was inserted and the baby was kept under follow-up.

Does Magnetic Resonance Imaging Predict Neurological Deficit in Patients with Traumatic Lower Lumbar Fractures?

Methods@#In total, 108 patients who underwent surgery for traumatic LLFs between January 2010 and January 2020 were reviewed to obtain their demographic details, injury level, and neurology status at the time of presentation (American Spinal Injury Association [ASIA] grade). Preoperative computed tomography scans were used to measure parameters such as anterior vertebral body height, posterior vertebral body height, loss of vertebral body height, local kyphosis, retropulsion of fracture fragment, interpedicular distance, canal compromise, sagittal transverse ratio, and presence of vertical lamina fracture. MRI was used to measure the canal encroachment ratio (CER), cross-sectional area of the thecal sac (CSAT), and presence of an epidural hematoma. @*Results@#Of the 108 patients, 9 (8.3%) had ASIA A, 4 (3.7%) had ASIA B, 17 (15.7%) had ASIA C, 21 (19.4%) had ASIA D, and 57 (52.9%) had ASIA E neurology upon admission. The Thoracolumbar Injury Classification and Severity score (p =0.000), CER (p =0.050), and CSAT (p =0.019) were found to be independently associated with neurological deficits on the multivariate analysis. The receiver operating characteristic curves showed that only CER (area under the curve [AUC], 0.926; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.860–0.968) and CSAT (AUC, 0.963; 95% CI, 0.908–0.990) had good discriminatory ability, with the optimal cutoff of 50% and 65.3 mm2, respectively. @*Conclusions@#Based on the results, the optimal cutoff values of CER >50% and CSAT >65.3 mm2 can predict the incidence of neurological deficits in LLFs.

Status de expressão do receptor de leptina e adiponectina no carcinoma colorretal: A cross-estudo prospectivo seccional / Correlation of leptin and adiponectin receptor expression with clinicopathological parameters in colorectal carcinoma - a cross-sectional prospective study

ABSTRACT Background: Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the common carcinomas with a rising incidence of metastasis due to its advanced stage of presentation. The existing biomarkers such as CEA (Carcinoembryonic antigen) etc., for prognosis, have low sensitivity and specificity. Hence a need for a newer definitive biomarker. Obesity is the leading cause of CRC. Leptin and adiponectin secreted by adipose tissue have been studied as potential biomarkers in the field of CRC. The present study helps to understand the association of leptin and adiponectin receptors with clinicopathological parameters. Objective: To correlate the various clinicopathological parameters with the tissue expression of leptin and adiponectin receptors in CRC. Methods: It is a cross-sectional prospective study conducted at a tertiary care hospital. Formalin fixed paraffin blocks of all radical resection CRC cases were collected and immunohistochemistry (IHC)was carried out on tumor tissue for leptin and adiponectin receptor. Tumor characteristics and clinical parameters were collected from the hospital medical records. Pearson's correlation coefficient test was used. Results: Immunohistochemistry was performed on 60 cases of CRC. Significant positive correlation of leptin was observed with size, lymph node metastasis, advanced stage, and grade of tumor (P<0.05). A significant correlation between adiponectin receptor and CRC was observed concerning age, stage, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and grade of tumor. Conclusion: Positive expression of leptin and negative expression of adiponectin receptors in CRC helps to predict the risk of metastasis.

RESUMO Contexto: O carcinoma colorretal (CCR) é um dos carcinomas comuns com incidência crescente de metástases devido ao seu estágio avançado de apresentação. Os biomarcadores existentes como CEA (antígeno carcinoembrionário) etc., para prognóstico, apresentam baixa sensibilidade e especificidade. Daí a necessidade de um biomarcador definitivo mais recente. A obesidade é a principal causa do CCR. A leptina e a adiponectina secretadas pelo tecido adiposo têm sido estudadas como potenciais biomarcadores na área do CCR. O presente estudo ajuda a compreender a associação dos receptores de leptina e adiponectina com parâmetros clinicopatológicos. Objetivo: Correlacionar os diversos parâmetros clinicopatológicos com a expressão tecidual dos receptores de leptina e adiponectina no CCR. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, prospectivo, realizado em um hospital terciário. Blocos de parafina fixados em formalina de todos os casos de CCR de ressecção radical foram coletados e a imuno-histoquímica (IHQ) foi realizada no tecido tumoral para receptor de leptina e adiponectina. As características do tumor e os parâmetros clínicos foram coletados dos prontuários médicos do hospital. Foi utilizado o teste do coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. Resultados: A imunohistoquímica foi realizada em 60 casos de CCR. Correlação positiva significativa da leptina foi observada com tamanho e metástase linfonodal, estágio avançado e grau do tumor (P<0,01). Foi observada uma correlação significativa entre o receptor de adiponectina e o CCR em relação à idade, estágio, metástase linfonodal, metástase à distância e grau do tumor. Conclusão: A expressão positiva de leptina e a expressão negativa de receptores de adiponectina no CCR ajudam a prever o risco de metástase.

Topical glyceryl trinitrate to increase radial artery diameter in neonates: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial / Trinitrato de glicerilo tópico para aumentar o diâmetro da artéria radial em recém-nascidos: protocolo de estudo de um ensaio clínico randomizado

ABSTRACT Background: Newborn infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit require arterial cannulation for hemodynamic monitoring and blood sampling. Arterial access is achieved through catheterization of umbilical or peripheral arteries. Peripheral artery cannulation is performed in critically ill newborns, but artery localization and cannulation is often challenging and unsuccessful. Therefore, increasing the internal diameter and preventing vasospasm are important for successful peripheral artery cannulation in neonates. Topical glyceryl trinitrate has the potential to increase cannulation success by relaxing arterial smooth muscles and thus increasing the internal diameter. We aim to conduct a pilot randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of topycal glyceryl trinitrate in increasing the diameter of the radial artery in neonates. Methods/Design: This study will be a single-center, observer-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial conducted in the neonatal intensive care unit of Perth Children's Hospital, Western Australia. A total of 60 infants born at >34 weeks of gestation who are admitted for elective surgery or medical reasons and for whom a peripheral arterial line is needed for sampling or blood pressure monitoring will be recruited after informed parental consent is obtained. The primary outcome will be the change in radial arterial diameter from baseline to postintervention. Secondary outcomes will be the absolute and percentage change from baseline in the radial arterial diameter in both limbs and safety (hypotension and methemoglobinemia). Discussion: This will be the first randomized controlled trial evaluating the use of topical glyceryl trinitrate to facilitate peripheral artery cannulation in neonates. If our pilot randomized controlled trial confirms the benefits of glyceryl trinitrate patches, it will pave the way for large multicenter randomized controlled trials in this field.

RESUMO Histórico: Os recém-nascidos internados na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal necessitam de canulação arterial para monitoramento hemodinâmico e coleta de sangue. O acesso arterial é obtido por meio de cateterização das artérias umbilicais ou periféricas. A canulação da artéria periférica é realizada em recém-nascidos em estado grave, mas a localização e a canulação da artéria são, muitas vezes, desafiadoras e sem sucesso. Assim, o aumento do diâmetro interno e a prevenção do vasoespasmo são importantes para o sucesso da canulação da artéria periférica em recém-nascidos. O trinitrato de glicerilo tópico tem o potencial de aumentar o sucesso da canulação ao relaxar a musculatura lisa arterial e, dessa forma, aumentar o diâmetro interno. Nosso objetivo é realizar um ensaio piloto controlado e randomizado para avaliar a eficácia e segurança do trinitrato de glicerilo tópico no aumento do diâmetro da artéria radial em recém-nascidos. Métodos/Desenho: Este estudo será um estudo de centro único, cego para o observador, randomizado, controlado por placebo, conduzido na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal do Perth Children's Hospital, Austrália Ocidental. Serão recrutados 60 bebês nascidos com mais de 34 semanas de gestação, internados para cirurgia eletiva ou por razões médicas e para os quais é necessária a colocação de um acesso arterial periférico para coleta de amostras ou monitoramento da pressão arterial, após a obtenção do consentimento informado dos pais. O desfecho primário será a mudança no diâmetro arterial radial basal e pós-intervenção. Os desfechos secundários serão a alteração absoluta e percentual basal no diâmetro arterial radial em ambos os membros e a segurança (hipotensão e metemoglobinemia). Discussão: Este será o primeiro estudo controlado e randomizado a avaliar o uso de trinitrato de glicerilo tópico para facilitar a canulação da artéria periférica em recém-nascidos. Se nosso estudo-piloto randomizado e controlado confirmar os benefícios dos adesivos de trinitrato de glicerilo, ele abrirá caminho para grandes estudos multicêntricos randomizados e controlados nesse campo.

Study of tamoxifen associated endometrial changes in women with breast cancer: a prospective study

Background: Studies have estimated that women with breast cancer on tamoxifen therapy have a greater risk of developing endometrial cancer. We undertook this study to correlate the ultrasonographic findings, hysteroscopy findings and endometrial pathology in breast cancer patients on tamoxifen.Methods: This was a prospective study conducted over a period of two years. Patients of histologically proven breast cancer on tamoxifen treatment for more than a year were taken into the study. Transvaginal ultrasonography and hysteroscopic biopsy (if endometrial thickness on TVS was 8mm or more) was performed. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis of data.Results: 23 patients had an endometrial thickness between 5-10 mm. 23 between 10.1-15 mm, 13 between 15.1-20 mm and only 1 patient had an ET of more than 20 mm with a mean of 12.27 mm. On Hysteroscopy 24 patients (51%) had a bald endometrium, 14 (29.8%) had hyperplastic endometrium and 9 (19.2%) had polypoid endometrium. On endometrial biopsy, 19 patients had atrophic endometrium, 14 had polypoid endometrium, 11 had non secretory and 7 had secretory endometrium, 1 patient had disordered proliferative endometrium, 1 as hyperplasia without atypia and 1 with complex hyperplasia. 2 were reported as adenocarcinoma.Conclusions: Usage of tamoxifen is warranted in view of its benefits outweighing its risks, the need of a screening program for patients who receive tamoxifen for a prolonged period and the need for a hysteroscopic biopsy when the endometrial thickness is more than 8mm especially in the symptomatic patients.

Influence of Soil and Foliar Application of Nutrients on Growth and Yield of Black Gram (Vigna mungo L)

Aims: This study aims to scrutinize the intricacies of nutrient management to optimize the cultivation of black gram (Vigna mungo L.) during the Rabi season of 2022-2023 in Coimbatore. The primary objectives include evaluating the efficacy of various treatments, such as recommended doses of inorganic fertilizer (RDF), rhizobium, and Phosphobacteria microbial inoculants as soil applicants, as well as TNAU Pulse Wonder, nano urea, and DAP as foliar sprays.Study Design: A meticulous Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications was employed to explore diverse treatments. This design allowed for a systematic investigation into the impact of different nutrient management strategies on the growth and yield of black grams.Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Coimbatore, and the Rabi season of 2022-2023 was chosen for its duration. The experimental setup was established at the research farm under the auspices of the Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences.Methodology: A total of ten treatments were tested, including various combinations of RDF (25:50:25), rhizobial culture, phosphobacteria, TNAU Pulse Wonder, nano urea, and DAP. Plant growth metrics, such as plant height and leaf count, were measured at 60 days after sowing (DAS). Yield attributes, including pod count, seeds per pod, and test weight, were also evaluated. Economic scrutiny included the calculation of the cost of cultivation, gross return, net income, and benefit-cost ratio.Results: Treatment T7, consisting of 75% RDF, rhizobial culture, phosphobacteria, and 1% TNAU Pulse Wonder, demonstrated substantial efficacy in enhancing plant growth metrics. At 60 DAS, this treatment exhibited an appreciable increase in plant height (39.89 cm) and leaf count (15.33). Moreover, T7 positively impacted crucial yield attributes, with elevated pod count (24.33), seeds per pod (9.33), and test weight (4.98 g). Economic scrutiny identified T7 as the epitome of economic viability, featuring a cost of cultivation at 30,240 INR, gross return of 125,587.80 INR, net income of 95,347.80 INR, and a commendable benefit-cost ratio of 4.15.Conclusion: These findings underscore the profound significance of strategic nutrient management paradigms for fostering sustainable and economically robust black gram cultivation. The identified treatment T7 stands out as a promising approach to optimize yields and economic returns in black gram cultivation, offering valuable insights for future agricultural practices.

Bohring opitz syndrome: a rare case report

Bohring- Opitz syndrome (BOS) first described by Bohring et al in 1999, is a rare congenital disorder of unknown etiology. He described 4 cases with characteristic features. This syndrome is characterized by distinctive facial features and posture, growth failure, variable intellectual disability, and variable anomalies. The diagnosis of BOS is established in a proband with suggestive clinical features and/or Identification of constitutional heterozygous pathogenic variant in ASXL1 by molecular genetic testing. We presented a case which phenotypically and genetically matches the findings of this syndrome.

Effect of Weed Management Practices on Growth, Yield and Quality of Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]

The present investigation entitled “Effect of weed management practices on growth, yield and quality of okra Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench)” was conducted at Vegetable Research Farm, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur during kharif season 2022. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with seven different treatments viz. T1 = Pre-emergence application of Pendimethalin @ 6 ml /L, T2= Post emergence application of Quizalofop-ethyl @ 0.040 kg/ha ,T3 = Pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @ 6 ml/L + one hand weeding at 40 DAS , T4 = Post emergence application of Quizalofop-ethyl @ 0.040 kg ha-1 at 25 DAS + one hand weeding , T5 = Pendimethalin @ 6 ml /L as pre-emergence + Quizalofop-ethyl @ 0.040 kg ha-1 at 25 DAS , T6 = Weed free check (Three hand weeding) 20, 40 and 60 DAS , T7 = weed check control replicated thrice. The result of the study revealed that at 30 DAS maximum plant height (30.96cm) was reported in treatment T3 : Pre-emergence application of Pendimethalin @ 6 ml/L + one hand weeding at 40 days of sowing whereas at 60 and 90 DAS maximum plant height (75.50 and 113.53 cm) was reported in T6 : Weed free check (Three hand weeding) 20, 40 and 60 DAS. Maximum number of branches per plant (4.60)at 60 DAS was found in T3 : Pre-emergence application of Pendimethalin @ 6 ml/L + one hand weeding at 40 DAS and 90 DAS maximum number of branches per plant (5.86) was reported in T6 : Weed free check (Three hand weeding) 20, 40 and 60 DAS. Maximum number of nodes (17.83 ) at 60 days after sowing was noticed in treatment T3 = Pre-emergence application of Pendimethalin @ 6 ml/L + one hand weeding at 40 DAS and 90 Days after of sowing maximum number of nodes () was in treatment T6 = Weed free check (Three hand weeding) 20, 40 and 60 DAS. Maximum Pod diameter( 1.74cm) , fruit weight (12.88gm ), pod length( 14.1cm) , number of pods per plant( 25.66 ) , pod yield per plant ( 304.73gm) , pod yield per hectare (16.91 t), TSS( 3.2 Brix), crude fibre (8.46%) and cholorophyll content (1.18 mg) and relative cholorophyll content (54.39) .

Genetic Studies in Advanced Sugarcane Mid-Late Clones through Yield and Quality Traits

Sugarcane varietal development is frequently aimed at increasing yield and sucrose quality. Effective crop genetic evolution requires knowledge of the numerous traits that contribute to the present diversity by genetic analysis. Keeping in view, this experiment was conducted using a randomized block design with three replications and the trial consisted of nine mid-late sugarcane genotypes. Data on cane yield and quality traits were used to estimate the genetic variability parameters, heritability, and genetic advance (GA). Analysis of variance revealed highly significant and significant differences for all studied traits. Evaluated characters exhibited different levels of variability, heritability, and genetic advance among the studied genotypes. Low to high phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) were recorded. The moderate GCV and PCV values were found particularly for Sugar Yield at harvest (18.09% and 21.64%) and Cane Yield at harvest (16.62% and 20.14%) respectively, whereas the lowest GCV and PCV (1.43% and 2.26% respectively) manifested for Purity at the 12 months stage. The highest broad sense heritability value manifested for Pol in juice at 12 months stage (%) (86.47%) followed by CCS at 12 months stage (%) (85.43%), while the lowest heritability (35.00%) revealed only for Germination % at 30 DAP. In the present study, high heritability and genetic advance as a percentage of the mean (>50) was recorded for Millable canes at harvest (000/ha) and single cane weight at harvest (kg) indicating a predominance of additive gene action for these characters. Therefore the result of this study suggests the existence of variability for cane yield and quality traits in these sugarcane genotypes, which should be exploited in future breeding.

Performance of North Indian Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora T.) Varieties under High Density Planting in Prayagraj Agro-Climatic Conditions

An experiment was carried out in the Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, during the period of October, 2022 to February, 2023. The experiment was conducted in FRBD with twelve treatments replicated thrice consisting of Two factors, Factor A (varieties: Royal Princess, Snowball, Pink Palasol, and Starlin Queen) and Factor B (spacing: 30 cm × 30 cm, 30 cm x 20 cm, and 30 cm × 15 cm). It was reported that treatment T9 (Pink Palasol + 30 cm × 15 cm) produced significantly taller plants (47.4 cm), and treatment T7 (Pink Palasol + 30 cm × 30 cm) was better in parameters like plant spread (25.1 cm), number of primary branches (6.2), number of flowers per plant (11.9), duration of flowering (57.7 days) and vase life of flower (10 days) whereas days taken to first bud initiation (37 days) was better in treatment T3 (Royal Princess + 30 cm × 15 cm).

Effect of Weed Management Practices on Growth, Yield of Vegetable Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) cv. Kashi Kanchan

The present investigation contains seven different treatments viz., weedy check (control), weed free check (3 hand weeding) (first hand weeding at 25 DAS), pre-emergence application of Pendimethalin @ 6ml/L, pre-emergence application of Pendimethalin @ 6ml/L + one hand weeding, pre- emergence application of Pendimethalin @ 6ml/L + post emergence @ 40-50 g/ha at 25 DAS, post-emergence application of Metribuzin @ 525g/ha at 25DAS and post-emergence spray of Imazethapyr @ 100 g ai/ha at 25 DAS replicated thrice. The cowpea variety ‘Kashi Kanchan’ was used in experiment. Results of the experiment revealed that though, the weed free check (T2) recorded zero weed population and slightly higher values of growth and yield parameters but among tested treatments, pre-emergence application of Pendimethalin @ 6ml/L + one hand weeding (T4) and pre-emergence application of Pendimethalin @ 6ml/L + Quizalofop ethyl @ 40-50 g/ha at 25 DAS(T5) significantly reduced weed number (48.12 and 52.18/m2) and produced significantly highest plant height (47.30 and 45.98 cm), pod length (21.64 and 20.86 cm), number of pods/plant (35.94 and 34.18), average pod weight(11.18 and 11.06 g), green pod weight/plant (367.84 and 348.63g), green pod weight/plot (11.24 and 10.54 kg) and green pod yield per hectare(118.96 and 111.55q). However, these three treatments (T2, T4 and T5) were statistically at par with each other in terms of growth and yield parameters.Hence, these two weed management practices (T4 and T5) may serve as alternative of manual weeding and may be recommended for farmers of the central plain zone of Uttar Pradesh for higher returns from vegetable cowpea crop.

Association of lung function by spirometry with serum ferritin in transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients in a tertiary care centre

Background: ?-thalassemia major is an inherited, transfusion-dependent chronic anemia which is caused by decreased production of ?-globin chains required for formation of hemoglobin. Regular blood transfusion is most important factors that help in improving the survival of patients with TM; however, it leads to iron deposition in many organs such as lung. Most studied concerned about effect of iron on lung functions, revealed abnormalities, but limited data were observed. The aim of our study was to determine pulmonary function abnormalities in children with thalassemia major and assess the relation between these abnormalities and iron overload.Methods: This study had included 51 children in each group, aged between 6 and 18 years (28 males and 23 females) with TM. All included children were subjected to full clinical examination and laboratory investigations including complete blood counts and serum ferritin. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were assessed in all included children using spirometry.Results: 31.4% patients had restrictive lung functions. Spirometer parameters i.e., FEF25-75% (p value?0.0001) and PEFR (%pred) (p value?0.0001) had significant difference in both groups. FEF25-75% and PEFR had no effect of serum ferritin.Conclusions: The lung may be considered a site for organ damage, and alteration of pulmonary function may be expected in transfusion-dependent patients in spite of no pulmonary symptoms or normal chest X-ray.

Homologous Assay Development for Detection of Dexamethasone using HRP as Label Enzyme

Background: Dexamethasone is a synthetic corticosteroid similar to cortisol produced naturally by the adrenal glands. As an anti- inflammatory and immunosuppressive agent, it is used in many diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and allergic anaphylactic shock, and its suppression test to diagnose Cushing's syndrome. Its further use includes its administration before antibiotics in bacterial meningitis, antitumor treatment, for treatment of glucocorticoid resistance, Addison抯 disease, and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. The drug is abused by using it in animal husbandry as a growth promoter and in horse sports to enhance their performance. Methods: In this study, the development of homologous ELISA using Dexamethasone-21-hemisuccinate (DEX-21-HS)-Bovine serum albumin antiserum and Dexamethasone-21-hemisuccinate (DEX-21-HS)-Horseradish peroxidase enzyme conjugate has been done. The n-hydroxysuccinimide ester method was used to prepare the immunogen and enzyme conjugate. Results: The sensitivity 0.25 ng/mL, affinity 2.8x10-8 L/mol and ED50 4.98 ng/mL of the assay were found. The cross-reactivity of the assay was checked and found with three steroids (Corticosterone- 1.13%, Progesterone- 2.25% and Prednisolone- 6.3%) out of 48 structurally related steroids. Then, analytical variables of the developed assay were studied, such as recovery (98.55% to 105.08%), precision (Inter and Intra- assay coefficient of variation <9.28%), correlation (R2= 0.98) by utilizing a commercially available Dexamethasone kit for comparison. Conclusion: This study concluded that low-cost indigenous ELISA for Dexamethasone had been developed, which can give results within 75-80 minutes.

Performance of Pearl Millet and Pulses Based Intercropping System under Rainfed Condition

A field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2022 at Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore to study the performance of different pearl millet-based intercropping with legumes under rainfed condition. Greengram (Vigna radiata), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and redgram (Cajanus Cajan) were sown as intercrops in replacement series of 4:1 and 6:1 row ratio. The result of the study indicated that intercropping of blackgram and redgram with pearl millet in 4:1 gave higher total grain yield (25503.0 kg/ha) and stover yield (4927.1 kg/ha) compared to the sole cropping of pearl millet under rainfed condition. Other intercropping indices like grain equivalent yield, land equivalent ratio, relative crowding coefficient, competition index and income equivalent ratio were calculated. Intercropping system of pearl millet + blackgram (4:1) recorded the higher net returns (Rs. 81,621/ha) and B:C ratio (2.42).

Influence of Cropping System and Nutrient Management Practices on the Yield, and Economics of Pearl Millet [Pennisetum glaucum]

The Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of cropping systems and nutrient management practices on the yield, and economics of pearl millet in the School of Agricultural Science, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India). The experiments were laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with two factors (Cropping system and Nutrient management) and three replications for two consecutive seasons in 2022-23. The study comprised three cropping system treatments namely C1 – Sole Pearl millet cropping, C2 - Pearl millet + Black gram intercropping (1:1), C3 – Pearl millet + Cowpea intercropping (1:1) along with four nutrient management treatments viz., N1 - 100% Recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) @80:40:40 kg of N, P2O5, and K2O/ha., N2– 75% RDF + Azospirillum @2kg/ha and Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) @2kg/ha, N3 – 75% RDF + Soil application of Azospirillum (2kg/ha) and PSB (2kg/ha) + Foliar spray of 2% urea @ 15 and 35 days after transplanting (DAT), N4 – 75% RDF + Soil application of Azospirillum (2kg/ha) and PSB (2kg/ha) + Foliar spray of Panchagavya3% @ 15 and 35 DAT. The results of the experiment revealed that the intercropping of black gram or cowpea in pearl millet proves to be beneficial and advantageous in terms of, grain yield and returns per rupee invested, rather than going for the sole cropping of pearl millet. On the other hand, reduced application of inorganic recommended dose of fertilizers by 25% with the inclusion of biofertilizers like Azospirillum and phosphate solubilizing bacteria, along with the foliar application of 2% urea or 3% Panchagavya will be an economically viable and environmentally sustainable nutrient management practice for improving the yield of pearl millet.

Evaluation of Maize and Pulses Intercropping System under Rainfed Condition in Western Zone of Tamil Nadu, India

A field experiment was conducted in rabi seasons (2022) at Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore to study the maize-based intercropping with different legumes under rainfed condition as there are less research work regarding intercropping of maize in this area. Greengram (Vigna radiata), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and horsegram (Macrotyloma uniflorum) were selected as intercrops in 4:1 and 6:1 row ratio. The result of the study indicated that intercropping of greengram and cowpea with maize (Zea mays L.) in 4:1 gave higher total grain yield and stover yield compared to the sole cropping of maize under rainfed condition. Other intercropping indices like grain equivalent yield, land equivalent ratio, relative crowding coefficient, competition index and income equivalent ratio were calculated. Intercropping system of maize + greengram (4:1) recorded the higher net return and B: C ratio followed by it maize+ cowpea (4:1). Therefore, under rainfed conditions of western zone of Tamil Nadu, maize + greengram 4:1 intercropping system may be suggested to get greater net return and B: C ratio.

Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance Studies in Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) for Yield and its Attributing Traits

An investigation was carried out with 48 genotypes of pea obtained through line x tester mating and were tested using a randomized block experimental design with three replications. The result showed a highly significant difference for all the 14 characters under study. The variability, heritability and genetic advance as percent mean were studied for all the characters. A high genotypic coefficient of variation was observed for the traits number of secondary branches, plant height, number of pods per plant, harvest index, nodules fresh weight and nodules dry weight. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance estimates was recorded for the number of secondary branches, plant height, pod length, number of seeds per pod, number of pods per plant, 100 seed weight, grain yield per plant, harvest index, nodules fresh weight and nodules dry weight indicating the role of additive gene action and selection for these traits could be reliable.

Evaluation of Mulching Effects on Weed Control in Blackgram Production under Irrigated Condition

A field experiment with the objectives to understand the evaluation of mulching effects on weed control in blackgram production under irrigated condition involving two factors viz., mulching (paddy straw mulching, sugarcane trash mulching, no mulching) and herbicidal treatments (pendimethalin pre-emergence (PE) @ 1.0 Kg/ha, pendimathalin + Imazethapyr (pre-mix) pre-emergence Valor 32% EC 1.0 Kg/ha, Hand weeding on 15 and 30 days after sowing, weedy check) was undertaken in Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) design with three replications at the instructional farm of Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore region of western Tamil Nadu during the cropping seasons of Rabi 2022-23. Results revealed that paddy straw mulching sequential application of Pendimathalin + Imazethapyr (pre-mix) pre-emergence Valor 32% EC and sugarcane trash mulching sequential application of pendimathalin + imazethapyr (pre-mix) pre-emergence Valor 32% EC recorded lower weed density, weed dry weight and maximum crop yield as well as net returns over rest of the mulching and herbicidal treatments.

Evaluation of Mulching Methods and Legume Intercropping on Weed Control Efficiency and Agronomic Traits of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum)

Aim: To evaluate the weed control efficiencies of different mulching practices and legume intercropping in transplanted pearl millet.Study Design: Randomized Complete Block Design (RBD).Place and Duration of Study: The field trial was conducted during the Rabi season of 2022 at the school of agricultural sciences in Karunya Institute of technology and sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu.Methodology: The field trial consists of 8 treatments viz., T1 - PE of Atrazine 0.5kg/ ha +1 Hand Weeding at 30 DAT, T2 - Two Hand Weeding at 15 and 30 DAT, T3 - Paddy straw mulching at 5t/ ha 3 DAT, T4 - Black polythene mulching at 3 DAT, T5 - Black silver polythene mulching at 3 DAT, T6 - Intercropping of pulses (cowpea) (1:1), T7 - Intercropping of pulses (cowpea) (1:1) + PE Pendimethalin 0.75 kg/ ha, T8 - Un weeded check.Results: Results of the experiment proves that the intercropping of cowpea in pearl millet along with the pre-emergence application of pendimethalin proves to be beneficial and advantageous in terms of returns per rupee invested for profitable crop production, rather than going for polythene mulches. Hence adoption of legume intercropping in pearl millet, along with the usage of mild herbicides like pendimethalin, will be an economically viable and environmentally sustainable weed management practice for improving the yield of pearl millet.