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Background:During exercise, the expiratory phase plays an equally important role in improving endurance as it helps in reducing the exercise-induced breathlessness. Therefore this study aims at specifically strengthening the expiratory muscles to study the effect of expiratory muscle strengthening on exercise-induced breathlessness. Aims and objectives: To evaluate the effect of 4 weeks of expiratory muscle strengthening on exercise-induced breathlessness in normal individuals. Methodology:Study was carried out on a total of 13 subjects ranging in the age group of 20-35yrs, where pre-intervention the Maximum Expiratory Pressure (MEP) and 1.5mile walk distance was calculated after which the subjects underwent a 4 week intervention protocol using Expiratory Muscle Strength Trainer 150 ( EMST-150) where the subjects performed 25 training breaths in one session where there were a total of 5 sessions in a day, 5days/week for a total of 4 weeks. Post the intervention the MEP and 1.5mile walk values were recalculated and compared to check for the difference. Result:Data was analyzed in terms of the mean difference. Statistically significant change was seen in the MEP and 1.5 mile walk test values post-intervention, i.e at the end of 4 weeks, where the values obtained were, MEP : pre –77.537 ±13.67 and post –88.063 ±18.39 with a p-value of 0.0019 , 1.5 mile walk(vo2max.) : pre –35.810 ±14.56 and post –39.810 ±11.8 with a p-value of 0.0038 and RPE: pre –3.80 ±0.5 and post –1.7 ±0.5 with a p-value of 0.0057, thereby proving a statically significant improvement in the outcome measures. Conclusion: The study concludes that Expiratory muscle strengthening improves the maximum expiratory strength thereby reducing the exercise-induced breathlessness leading to an improvement in the endurance level.
RESUMO
Introduction: Low back pain is the one of the common musculoskeletal disorder faced by people in today’s genera-tion. It is more common in health-care workers especially nursing students and staff. Pilates is a new and innovative technique that focuses on the back and core of the body. Hence, this study is carried out to determine the effective-ness of Pilates techniques to treat and prevent the chances of low back pain. Materials and methods:Subjects were received the Pilates protocol for exercises. They were asked to fill the Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Question-naire before and after giving the Pilates protocol. The pain was assessed by Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), both at rest and on movement before and after giving the Pilates. Results: The P value in Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire before and After the Pilates and was 0.000 which shows that there is significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: The study concluded that Pilates exercises were efficient in treating non-specific low back pain.
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Background: To assess prevalence facet-joint arthropathy in chronic low back pain using computed tomography. Methods: A retrospective study profiled and analysed objective data from patients CT scans and previous records. Results: Facetal arthropathy was graded by Pathria’s criteria.102 joints (33.12%) were grade 1, 113 (36.69%) grade 2, 63 (20.45%) grade 3, and 30 (9.74. %) grade 4. Final result showed that females were affected more than the male in Grade II, III and IV. Age group more affected was between 46-85 years. Conclusions: Our study on chronic low back pain revealed prevalence of facet-joint involvement 66.88% (206 patients) in rural population with age group involved more than 46 years.