Roles of Hmong and Dao women in their families, in health care and in family planning in Lai Chau and Cao Bang

Interview investigation using questionnaires was conducted on 300 people who are householders or their partners in Lai Chau and Cao Bang provinces (155 Hmong people and 145 Dao people). The results showed some positive changes. Several families have good income (Dao 91.03%, Hmong 78.06%). the children could go school (Dao 64.83%, Hmông 72.26%) and monogamous marriage (Dao 59.33%, Hmong 55.67%). Roles of women had improved clearly. The women were respected and behaved on equal terms with men. They could decide themselves or with their husband for the problems related to family economic (Dao 82.76%, Hmông 81.94%); education of their children (Dao 61.38%, Hmong 64.52%), health care for children (Dao and Hmong 93.35%) and family planning

Evaluation of safety water patterns for households in the Northern mountainous area to improve public health

The research evaluated safety water pattern of 178 households in 3 provinces Lai Chau, Son La, Hoa Binh. 73.7% of them knew about safety water program in their local, 24% did not know about it (12.6% in Lai Chau, 1.1% in Son La). Main pattern investments were building common water containers (68.3%) and water pipe (15%). 6.7% of investments were reserved fro drilled wells and they mainly concentrated in Hoa Bình province. Safety water program was used by 80% of surveyed households. 42% subjects thought that water supply was sufficiency and 24.3% thought sometime it was insufficiency. Reasons that water of the program was not used included unavailable (46.4%), unnecessary (25%), and unaffordable. 93.2% of subjects thought that it was necessary to invest on safety water program

The situation of the combination between Army medical service and Civil medical service on Reproductive health care at Long Xuyên quadrangle

A study on 3472 subjects including service provider, state officials, militants and women in border communes of An Giang and Ha Tien provinces showed that: 81.5% subjects believe that there is a combination between Army medical service and Civil medical service on Reproductive health-care, and some combinations achieved good results are Information-Education and Communication, providing services and organizing management. The combination is appreciated good in many forms: providing reproductive healthcare/family planning services (46.5%), Information-Education and Communication, (63.9%), training and retraining, … The combination between Army and Civil medical service is necessary to solve difficulties in these areas such as lack of equipment (69.7%) and public health infrastructure insufficient (51.4%)

Awareness for some contents of reproductive health, family planning of the community at the ereas of the model implementation of quality population

Subjects: 295 adolescents, youths, women at reproductive age who were study subject 1, and 104 health care staffs, specialists and population collaborators of the commune called as study subject 2. Results: for the topics of reproductive health/family planning (RH/FP): the knowledge of RH/FP was at 76.7% to 87.8%. However, there was still considerable number of women infected with RTIs (23.7%). The rate of women having more than three children was 21%. Drug addiction (13.2%) and other social evils (12.2%) among study participant 1 was rather high. The need of information, education on population/RH/FP defined by study participants 1 and 2 was high (84.4% and 87.5%, respectively). There was a great attention to antenatal care by study subject 1, particularly to antenatal checks (97.6%), antitetanus vaccination (95.6%), and iron pill intake (94.2%). In addition, 66% of participants were aware of risks to pregnancy and 93.6% prefer public health deliveries for care.

Evaluating the models on improvement of population quality

Since 2002, the Vietnam Commission for Population, Family and Children (VCPFC) has implemented a number of models on improvement of population quality. In 2005, the SIPFC has conducted assessment of these models. The assessment aims to evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of the models as to make recommendations and solutions. Quantity and quality methods are used on 295 adolescents, youth and women of reproductive ages (target audience 1) and 104 health and population workers (target audience 2). The study finds that 93.9% of target audience 1 and 94.2% of target audience 2 said the these models were necessary. Local implementation follows the plans. people’s awareness on RH/FP care is much improved. This helps reducing incidence of RTIs, STDs and social evils, ect... However, there remain constrain in the implementation. 74.6% of target audience 1 and 91.3% of target audience 2 suggested to expand these models. At the same time, IEC activities and RH/RH services should be further improved; health staff training and investments in equipment should be strengthened.

The default and some causes when the use of DMPA for woman of reproductive age in Viet Nam

The investigation was performed with 871 users of DMPA. Among them 516 had been use and 355 defaults. DMPA was accepted because of the convenience for use (62%), the high effectiveness (56%), no side effect, no adverse reation for sexual activity. The rate of defaults was from 10-70%, depending on the province, the time.. 80.2% by the cause of side effects, in which amenorrhia 33.2% and menstrual disorder 43.4%.

Some basic characteristics in the technique of non-scalpel vasectomy

Vasectomy is the most effective family planning method. This is a safe, simple and cheap method for couple who have achieved their desired number of children. In Viet Nam, non-scalpel vasectomy is the major method which has been studied and introduced into the country's population and family planning program since 1991 by the Ministry of Health and now there have been dozen of thousands men who accept the method. During the period applying this method in Viet Nam, the failure rate of the method in Viet Nam is very high, ranging from 0.7% to 6.7%, which is mainly due to technical issues. The non-scalpel vasectomy has a number of advantage such as no anesthesia, no bleeding, and no pain. This technique avoids local hematoma that would reduces edema and infection. In order to achieve a high effectiveness of the method, surgeons are required to have good skills and receive basic training to minimize the failure.

Assessment of intrauterine device using (IDU) and factors affecting IUD acceptance in the period 1995-2000 in Vietnam

Study 4,203 bearing-age women who had used intrauterine devices (IUDs). Results: using IUDs is the most common contraceptive methods in Vietnam. Women used this method are usually in bearing-age and have more frequent intercourse (under 35 years old: 63.8%), have had baby (100%). 24.4% of them have used other methods. Factors affected IUDs acceptance are safe (40.5%), convenient (44.4%), easy to use (31.6%), and being provided information and counseling (84%).

To evaluate the results of the use of Megestron contraceptive injection for women of reproductive age in HaiHung province

The use of Megestrom contraceptive infection in 100 women of reproductive age in Hai Hung province gave a high efficiency on 99% for one-year using subject. The infection was safe, did not affect the health and working capacity. Generally, the high rate of side effects and menstruation disorders were in low severity, easy to control. Megestrom was proper for lactatin women. The supply was simple, comfortable with low cost.

Assessment of side - effects of DMPA

871 women who have using DMPA contraceptive injection from 1997 to 2001 in 3 provinces of Yen Bai, Thanh Hoa, Dong Thap (each district for province and a total of 13 communes) were assessed. 88.4% of subjects had had side effects, among them 40.1% amenorrhoae, 25.1% dysmenorrhoae, 19.5% weight gain, 22% head pain, 13.3% nausea. Two typical signs are facial skin darkening and vaginal dryness. Menstruation disorder and amenorrhoae are positively proportional and vaginal dryness and facial skin darkening are inversely proportional with age, the number of pregnancy and of pregnancy termination.

The introduction of DMPA in Viet Nam result after 5 years

From October 2001 to May 2002, the study on the introduction of DMPA in Viet Nam was conducted by Ministry of Health and DMPA in Thanh Hoa, Yen Bai and Dong Thap of 871 DMPA users. Commune health station is a good delivery point to provide DMPA service. DMPA should be provided at this level throughout the country, 96.5% of DMPA clients at commune level were satisfied with the method. Major reasons for DMPA acceptance are its convinience and easy use (62%), high effectiveness (58%), no health effect (55%) and no impact on sexual relationship (39%). However, DMPA discontinuation rate is still high between 10-70% according to specific site and duration of use. Reason for discontinuation is mainly adverse effect (80.2%), of which amenorrhea and menstrual disorder account for the most with 33.2% and 43,4% respectively.