Influence of buffer systems on Trichoderma reesei Rut C-30 morphology and cellulase production

The cellulase enzyme production is a key issue in the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials. Since fungal morphology influences the productivity of fungal fermentations, it is of major importance to well know the fungal behavior during culture for cellulase production. In this work, the influence of medium supplementation, with different buffer systems at two different concentrations and pH conditions, on the morphology of T. reesei Rut C-30 and cellulase production, was investigated. A medium without buffer was used as control. The results suggest that fungal morphology is significantly dependent on the addition of different buffer systems to the nutrient broth. The mycelial morphology shows a clear transition from clumped to pelleted forms in cultures with variation of buffer systems and concentration. The higher filter paper activity was obtained using 100 mM succinate buffer, at pH 4.8, in the medium supplementation, corresponding to a dispersed mycelial morphology.

Discordant results in Tc-99m tetrofosmin and Tc-99m sestamibi parathyroid scintigraphies

Parathyroid scintigraphies have been used to detect pathological parathyroid glands either before as well as after the parathyroid resection surgery in patients with hyperparathyroidism. One of the most utilized techniques to perform the studies is the double-phase images with Tc-99m sestamibi, which has been shown to be very accurate in the localization of enlarged parathyroid glands. Similar to Tc-99m sestamibi, Tc-99m tetrofosmin is a radiopharmaceutical initially developed to perform myocardial perfusion study that has been used to perform parathyroid scintigraphies. Although most of the papers suggest that the overall sensitivities of both radiopharmaceuticals are similar, there are some papers questioning the accuracy of Tc-99m tetrofosmin to detect abnormal parathyroid glands. In the present article, we report a case with discordant results by both methods.

A cintilografia das paratireóides tem sido utilizada para detectar glândulas paratireóides patológicas tanto antes quanto após (em caso de insucesso) a cirurgia de ressecção em pacientes com hiperparatireoidismo. Uma das técnicas mais utilizadas para realizar este exame é a de duas fases utilizando como radiofármaco o sestamibi-99mTc, a qual tem se mostrado acurada na localização de glândulas paratireóides aumentadas. Similarmente ao sestamibi-99mTc, o tetrofosmin-99mTc é um radiofármaco que foi inicialmente desenvolvido para a realização de cintilografia de perfusão do miocárdio e que tem sido utilizado para a realização de cintilografia das paratireóides. Apesar de muitos artigos sugerirem que as sensibilidades dos dois radiofármacos são idênticas, alguns poucos trabalhos questionam a acurácia do tetrofosmin-99mTc para a localização de glândulas paratireóides anômalas. No presente artigo, relatamos um caso em que foi observado resultado discordante pelos dois métodos.

Tumor marrom em esterno: uma causa potencial de resultado falso-positivo na cintilografia das paratireóides com sestamibi-99mTc / Brown tumor of the sternum: a potential cause of false-positive result on parathyroid scintigraphy with Tc-99m sestamibi

A cintilografia das paratireóides tem sido utilizada para detectar glândulas patológicas em pacientes com hiperparatireoidismo, tanto antes quanto após a cirurgia de paratireoidectomia. Apesar da elevada especificidade, a cintilografia das paratireóides pode apresentar resultados falso-positivos. Neste artigo, relatamos o caso de uma paciente transplantada renal, com múltiplas lesões osteolíticas na bacia, interpretadas como tumores marrons, que à cintilografia das paratireóides com sestamibi-99mTc apresentou hipercaptação focal do radiofármaco em topografia de porção anterior do mediastino superior. Esta área hipercaptante foi inicialmente interpretada como glândula paratireóide ectópica, porém, após realização de outros exames de imagem e análise mais detalhada, mostrou-se corresponder a tumor marrom em esterno.

Parathyroid scintigraphies have been used to detect pathological parathyroid glands either before as well as after the parathyroid resection surgery in patients with hyperparathyroidism. Although this test presents high specificity for detection of increased parathyroid glands, there exist causes of false positive results. In the present article, we report a case of a renal transplanted patient, with multiple lytic lesions on pelvic bones reported as brown tumors, who presented a focal uptake in the anterior portion of the superior mediastinum on Tc-99m sestamibi scintigraphy. This focal uptake, initially thought to be an ectopic parathyroid gland, after a more detailed analysis and the performance of other imaging diagnostic tests was demonstrated to be a brown tumor of the sternum.