Expression analysis of ciliary rootlet coiled coil protein mRNA during Xenopus development / 대한수의학회지

Ciliary rootlet coiled coil protein (CROCC), the structural component that originates from the basal body at the proximal end of the ciliary rootlet, plays a crucial role in maintaining the cellular integrity of ciliated cells. In the current study, we cloned Xenopus CROCC and performed the expression analysis. The amino acid sequence of Xenopus laevis was related to those of Drosophila, cow, goat, horse, chicken, mouse and human. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that CROCC mRNA encoding a coiled coil protein was present maternally, as well as throughout early development. In situ hybridization indicated that CROCC mRNA occurred in the animal pole of embryo during gastrulation and subsequently in the presumptive neuroectoderm at the end of gastrulation. At tailbud stages, CROCC mRNA expression was localized in the anterior roof plate of the developing brain, pharyngeal epithelium connected to gills, esophagus, olfactory placode, intestine and nephrostomes of the pronephric kidney. Our study suggests that CROCC may be responsible for control of the development of various ciliated organs.

Regulation of IGF System in Rats after Experimental Myocardial Infarction / 체질인류학회지

Insulin-like growth factor system (IGF system) has been reported to be associated with the variety of disorders of myocardial function. However, the effect of myocardial infarction (MI) on the IGF system has not been fully described. Thus, the present study was to investigate in more detail the changes of IGF system in the male rat following myocardial infarction (MI). Ligation of the left coronary artery was performed in male Sprague-Dawley male rats at 60 days of age. Control rats were obtained sham-operated animals. MI rats were sacrificed at 1, 3, 7, 14, and 30 day after ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery. Control rats were sacrificed on 30 day after thoracotomy. Myocardial infarct size was assessed by planimetry and perimetry. Serum and heart concentrations of IGF-I and -II were determined by radioimmunoassay. Serum levels of IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-1 and IGFBP-3 were analyzed with a two-site immunoradiometric assay. Mean infarct size was 35.2~42.3% of the left ventricle after coronary occlusion in experimental groups. Serum levels of IGF-I were markedly reduced, but the levels of IGF-II were not altered in MI rats compared with shamligated controls. Serum IGFBP-I levels in MI rats were significantly increased at 1 and 3 day compared with sham rats. The levels of serum IGFBP-3 were significantly higher in the ligated rats. IGF-I levels of the infarct/periinfarct area of the left ventricle were significantly decreased in rats with myocardial infarction, whereas the levels of IGF-II remained unchanged. These results demonstrate that the IGF system is altered in the myocardial infarction and suggest that the IGF system plays an important role in the response of the heart to myocardial infarction.

Morphometric Studies in the Leydig Cell of Hemicastrated Rats / 체질인류학회지

The present study was conducted to investigate the influence of hemicastration and age at hemicastraion on the subsequent Leydig cell morphology and function of male rats. Sprague Dawley rats were left intact or hemicastrated at 20, 30, 40, 50, or 60 days of age (n=18 rats per group). At 100 days of age, all rats were sacrificed. Testes were fixed by whole body perfusion using a fixative containing 2.5% glutaraldehyde in cacodylate buffer, processed and embedded in Epon-araldite. Using 1 micrometer sections stained with methylene blue, qualitative and quantitative morphological studies were performed. Testis incubations were used to determine lutenizing hormone (LH; 100 ng/mL) stimulated testosterone secretory capacity per testis in vitro. Testosterone levels in the incubation medium, and testosterone and LH levels in serum of these six groups of rats were determined by radioimmunoassay. Body and testis weights were not changed by hemicastration between experimental and control groups. Volume density of seminiferous tubules, interstitium, and Leydig cells was not significantly affected by hemicastration. Absolute volume of seminiferous and interstitium was significantly increased in unilaterally castrated rats at 20, 30 and 40 days of age compared to control. Significant increases in the total number of Leydig cells per testis occurred in rats hemicastrated at 20, 30, 40 and 50 days of age compared to control. A significant increase in average volume of a Leydig cell was noted in the hemicastrated rats at 30 and 40 days compared to intact rats of the same age but was significantly decreased at 60 days of age. Serum testosterone levels and LH-stimulated testosterone production per testis were significantly (P<0.05) increased in the hemicastrated rats at 30 and 40 days. In summary, when rats were unilaterally castrated at 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 days of age, those rats hemicastrated at 30 and 40 days showed compensatory hypertrophy/hypersecretion of Leydig cells when killed at 100 days of age. Especially, these data suggested that compensatory hypertrophy/hypersecretion of Leydig cells in rats hemicastrated around the time of puberty occurs in the remaining testis.

SEM Observation on the Weathering Human Hair after Burial / 체질인류학회지

This study was undertaken to investigate the morphological changes of hair according to weathering after burial and to offer basic data for forensic science. To examine the effect of weathering degree, the 45 hairs buried for 5~50 years were taken from deceased individuals in tombs in Korea. The morphological changes in weathering hair shafts of the scalp were investigated using the scanning electron microscopes. There were little morphological differences of weathering depending on the regions of burial. The weathering changes includes exclusion of cuticle, separation of hair cortex and hollow formation in the medulla according to the burial period. These results could provide basic data to the field of forensic medicine.

The Effects of Hyperthermia on FGF-8 and BMP-4 Expression during Early Odontogenesis in Hsp70 Knock-out Mice Fetuses / 체질인류학회지

During early tooth development, multiple signaling molecules are expressed in the dental lamina and induce the dental mesenchyme. One signal, FGF-8, is expressed in the early dental epithelium, another one, BMP-4, has been shown to induce morphologic changes in dental mesenchyme. Meanwhile, hyperthermic exposure during pregnancy, as one of teratogens, is known to disturbe normal development and induce several congenital anomalies. This study is aimed to investigate the effects of maternal hyperthermia on the expressions of FGF-8 and BMP-4 in early odontogenesis. The pregnant Hsp70 knock-out at gestational day 8 were immersed in 43degrees C water bath until their body core temperature reached at 43degrees C. Thereafter, pregnant mice were given more 5 minutes hyperthermic exposure. Heat-untreated Hsp70 KO mice fetuses were used as the control group. Fetuses were collected at embryonic day (ED) 13, 15 and 17. Developing tooth in the mandible was processed for immunohistochemical study. Tissue sections were immunostained for FGF-8 and BMP-4 and observed with light microscope. The obtained results were as follows: Tooth development in the heat shocked (HS) group is delayed rather than the control group in the given developmental period. FGF-8 immunolocalization in control group at ED 13 was gradually decreased compared to the HS group which showed continuously positive immunoreaction. BMP-4 immunolocalization was detected in dental mesenchyme, however, there was no positive immunoreaction found in HS group. These results suggest that maternal hyperthermia should induce the early odontogenesis, delay the expression of FGF-8 in dental epithelium, and disturbe the expression of BMP-4 in dental mesenchyme. Consequently, hyperthermic exposure during pregnancy affects epithelial-mesenchymal interactions.

The Effects of Ischemic Preconditioning and K(ATP) channel Activation on the Expression of the PKC-epsilon, NF-kappaB and AP-1 in Ischemia-reperfused Rat Heart / 체질인류학회지

This study was aimed to elucidate the effects of K(ATP) activation during IPC on the PKC-epsilon, NF-kappaB and AP-1 in ischemia-reperfused rat hearts. SD male rats weighting from 300 to 350 g were split into 9 groups, such as sham control (S), IPC, 3 cycles of 5 min ischemia and 5 min reperfusion, continuous preconditioning (CP), 8 cycles of 5 min ischemia and 5 min reperfusion, K(ATP) opening (KO) with pinacidil (1.0 mg/kg), K(ATP) blocking with glibenclamide (1.0 mg/kg) injection, ischemia (IS), 30 min ischemia, IPC followed by IS, 8) K(ATP) blocking and IPC followed by IS (KB+IPC+IS), IS and K(ATP) opening (KO+IS). Heart were subjected to ligation of left descending coronary artery and reperfusion in groups of IPC, CP, IS with or without IPC. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting for PKC-epsilon, NF-kappaB and AP-1 were performed at 3, 6, 24 hours after reperfusion or treatment. Immunoreactivities against PKC-epsilon antibody were observed stronger in the groups of IPC, KO, IPC+IS and KO+IS than groups of KB, IS and KB+IPC+IS. NF-kappaB activation and translocation were only observed in the groups of including 30 min ischemia and reperfusion. AP-1 activation and translocation were opposite to the results of PKC-epsilon activation. In the group of CP, KB, IS and KB+IPC+IS, reactivities of AP-1 antibody were stronger than IPC+IS, KO+IS, and weaker in the groups of S, IPC and KO. These results suggest that K(ATP) opening with IPC or pharmacological methods may direct effect on the PKC-epsilon activation and that K(ATP) blocking has effect on the AP-1 activation and translocation in the heart of ischemiareperfused of rats.

The Effect of Myocardial Infarction on the Reproductive Function in Adult Male Rats / 체질인류학회지

The present study was to investigate in more detail the changes of reproductive function in the male rat following myocardial infarction (MI). Ligation of the left coronary artery was performed in male Sprague-Dawley male rats at 60 days of age. Control rats were obtained sham-operated animals. MI rats were sacrificed at 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 30 day after ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery. Control rats were sacrificed on 30 day after thoracotomy. Myocardial infarct size was assessed by planimetry and perimetry. Testes of rats were fixed by whole body perfusion using a fixative containing 2.5% glutaraldehyde in cacodylate buffer, processed and embedded in Epon-araldite. Using 1 micro sections stained with methylene blue-azure II, qualitative and quantitative (stereological) morphological studies were performed. Testosterone levels in the incubation medium of luteinizing hormone-stimulated (100 ng/mL) testosterone secretion per testis in vitro, and in serum were determined by radioimmunoassay. Sperm production was measured by routine technique. Mean infarct size was 29.5~33.5% of the left ventricle after coronary occlusion in experimental groups. No changes were observed in testis volume, absolute volume of Leydig cell, Leydig cell size, and number of Leydig cell per testis in MI rats compared to sham-operated animals. Serum testosterone, LH-stimulated testicular testosterone production, and daily sperm production in MI rats were not significantly different (P>0.05) from sham-operated animals. These results demonstrate that under the experimental conditions employed here, experimental chronic myocardial infarction does not exert adverse effects on the reproductive function of male rats.

Effects of Luteinizing and Thyroid Hormones on the Aged Leydig Cells in Brown Norway Rats / 체질인류학회지

ABSTRACT: The present study was designed to investigate the possibility of restoring the testicular steroidogenic ability of the aged Brown Norway rats by administering luteinizing hormone (LH) and thyroxine (Thy). Rats of 3, 6, 12 months (M) of age (n = 8 per group) and four groups of 18 month old rats (n = 8 per group) were used. Eighteen month old rats were implanted subdermally with Alzet mini osmotic pumps containing saline (control), luteinizing hormone (LH, 24 microgram/day), thyroxine (Thy, 5 microgram/day) and LH and Thy (LH +Thy, 24 microgramday and 5 microgram/day), respectively for four weeks (i.e testing was done at 19 months). The results showed that the testis volume was unchanged among all treatment groups. The number of Leydig cell per testis was not significantly different among all treatment groups. The average volume of a Leydig cell was significantly decreased at 12 months, and a further reduction was observed at 19 months (saline-treated); values for 19 month LH-and-LH +Thy-treated rats were not significantly lower than those at 3 and 6 months of age. Testosterone secretory capacity per testis and per Leydig cell in vitro were significantly reduced concomitantly with age advancement from 6 to 19 months (saline-treated) of age. These values of LH-and Thy-treated 19 month old rats were similar to those at 12 months. LH +Thy-treated rats were equally capable to 3 and 6 month old rats in producing testicular testosterone in vitro in response to LH. Serum testosterone was unchanged from 3 M to 12 M rats but was reduced in 19M control rats. Both LH and Thy significantly raised these values above the 19M control levels, but they were still lower than the 3 M through 12 M levels. Additionally, LH +Thy significantly raised the serum testosterone levels to those of 12M rats, but these values were significantly lower than those of 3 M and 6 M rats. In summary, the present study demonstrated that the exogenous supplementation of LH and Thy was effective in restoring the steroidogenic potential of the aged Leydig cells; the most effective treatment was LH +Thy, which upgraded the capacity of aged testes to those of 3 and 6 months.

Effects of Ischemic Preconditioning, Adenosine and Pinacidil on the Expression of Cu,Zn- and Mn-SOD mRNA in the Rectus Femoris Muscle of the Rat after Ischemia and Timely Reperfusion / 체질인류학회지

A brief episode of ischemia and reperfusion termed 'ischemic preconditioning' has been established as rendering muscle tolerance to damage during a subsequent prolonged ischemia. The effects of ischemic preconditioning in the cardiac muscle are related to the stimulation of adenosine A1 receptor and the opening of KATP channel. The effect and mechanisms of ischemic preconditioning in the skeletal muscle are not known clearly. The superoxide radical injures the skeletal muscle during the ischemia and reperfusion. There are two types of SOD, which metabolizes the superoxide radicals to H2O2 and O2, in the cell. One of them is Cu, Zn-SOD in the cytoplasm and the other is Mn-SOD in the mitochondria. The activities of SOD are increased against the formation of superoxide radical during the reperfusion. The author performed the present study to investigate the effect and the mechanisms of ischemic preconditioning by measuring the expression of SOD mRNA on timely reperfused ischemic muscles. The healthy Sprague-Dawley rats weighing from 300 g to 350 g were used as experimental animals. Under pentobarbital (50 mg/kg) anesthesia, lower abdominal incision was done and left common iliac artery was occluded by vascular clamp for 2 hours. Rectus femoris muscles were obtained respectively at 3, 6, 12, 24 and 72 hours after reperfusion. The ischemic preconditioning group underwent three episodes of 5 minute occlusion and 5 minute reperfusion of common iliac artery followed by 2 hours of ischemia and timely reperfusion. Adenosine (50 microgram/kg) or pinacidil (1 mg/kg) was administered intravenously before ischemia. 8-cyclopentyl-1, 3-dipropylxanthine (15 mg/kg) or glibenclamide (0.5 mg/kg) was administered intravenously before ischemic preconditioning. Paraffin sections with 4 micrometer thickness in all groups were obtained. The expression of Cu, Zn- and Mn-SOD mRNA was observed by use of in situ hybridization. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The expression of SOD mRNA was seen only in small muscle fibers of the rectus femoris muscle of the rat. 2. Weak expressions of Cu, Zn- and Mn-SOD mRNA were observed in the normal control rat. 3. After 2 hours of ischemia, moderate expression of Cu, Zn-SOD mRNA was observed until 72 hours of reperfusion. Weak or moderate expression of Mn-SOD mRNA at 3 hours and 6 hours of reperfusion, weak or trace expression at 12 hours of reperfusion, moderate expression at 24 hours of reperfusion and weak or moderate expression at 72 hours of reperfusion were observed. 4. After ischemic preconditioning, moderate expressions of Cu, Zn-SOD mRNA were seen in the groups of 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours of reperfusion. Moderate expressions of Mn-SOD mRNA were seen in the group of 0, 3, 6 and 12 hours of reperfusion and strong expression was seen in the group of 24 hours of reperfusion after ischemic preconditioning. 5. After 2 hours of ischemia with ischemic preconditoining, moderate expressions of Cu, Zn-SOD mRNA were seen in the groups of 0, 3, 6, 12, 24 hours of reperfusion. Moderate expressions of Mn-SOD mRNA were observed in the groups of 0, 3, 6, and 12 hours of reperfusion and moderate or strong expression was seen in the group of 24 hours of reperfusion. 6. After 2 hours of ischemia with the pretreatment of adenosine, moderate expressions of Cu, Zn-SOD mRNA were seen in the group of 0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours of reperfusion. Moderate expression of Mn-SOD mRNA in the groups and 3 hours of reperfusion, strong expression in the group of 6 and 12 hours of reperfusion and moderate expression in the group of 24 hours of reperfusion were seen. 7. After 2 hours of ischemia with the pretreatment of pinacidil, moderate expressions of Cu, Zn-SOD mRNA were seen in the groups of 0, 3, 6 and 12 hours of reperfusion and those of Mn-SOD mRNA were seen in the groups of 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours of reperfusion. 8. After 2 hours of ischemia with ischemic preconditioning and the pretreatment of 8-cyclopentyl-1, 3- dipropylxanthine, moderate expression of Cu, Zn-SOD mRNA were observed in the groups of 0, 3, 6, and 12 hours of reperfusion and those of Mn-SOD were seen in the groups of 6, 12 and 72 hours of reperfusion. 9. After 2 hours of ischemia with ischemic preconditioning and the pretreatment of glibenclamide, moderate expressions of Cu, Zn- and Mn-SOD mRNA were seen in all groups of reperfusion. Consequently, these results suggest that the expression of Cu, Zn and Mn-SOD mRNA increases during 2 hours ischemia and reperfusion with or without ischemic preconditioning. The effects of ischemic preconditioning are closely related to the stimulation of adenosine A1 receptor and KATP channel.

An Morphological Study on the Alteration of Immunoreactivity of the Neural Cell Adhesion molecule ( NCAM ) in Rat Spinal Cord after Unilateral Sciatic Neurotomy and Reconnection

BACKGROUND: NCAM plays an important role in the peripheral innervation of the spinal neurons as well as in the development of the CNS. Although expression of NCAM is down-regulated in most areas of adult brain and spinal cord, it could be reexpressed after neuronal damages induced by various physical or chemical insults including peripheral nerve transection. METHOD: To investigate alterations of the NCAM immunoreactivity in the dorsal and ventral horns of the spinal cord induced by peripheral neurotomy and reconnection, the unilateral sciatic nerve of the rats were transected and immediately reconnected. Experimental animals were sacrificed at 1 week and 3 weeks after operation, and the alteration of NCAM immunoreactivity in the ventral and the dorsal horns of the lower lumbar spinal cord were examined. RESULTS: NCAM-immunoreactive astrocytes in the ipsilateral dorsal horn was increased at 1 week after operation. Neurons with NCAM?immunoreactive membranes and processes were increased in ipsilateral dorsal horns, and in large motor neurons of ventral horns of both sides at 3 weeks after unilateral sciatic neurotomy and reconnection. CONCLUSIONS: It is consequently suggested that unilateral sciatic neurotomy and reconnection induce the increase of the NCAM-immunoreactive neurons and glial cells in the spinal cord, and increase of NCAM immunoreactivity in the spinal cord may reflect the neuronal damage and healing process induced by peripheral nerve injury.

Ultrastructural Changes in Rat Anterior Tibial and Soleus Muscles Following Graded Periods of Ischemia and Reperfusion / 체질인류학회지

Skeletal muscles are known to have tolerance to ischemia, but a prolonged ischemia can cause damage to muscular tissues. The ischemia-reperfusion injury results from the oxygen free radicals released by leucocytes and formed by the reaction of hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), one of major antioxidant enzymes ocurring in the various tissues of the body metabolizes or scarvanges the oxygen free radicals. Although many studies reported difference in tolerance to ischemia and reperfusion between white and red muscles, some other investigators failed in finding such difference. The present study was performed to examine effects of graded periods of ischemia and reperfusion on the cellular ultrastructure and activity of SOD in white and red muscles. The Sprague-Dawley rats (200~250 g) were used as experimental animals. Under pentobarbital (50 mg/kg IP) anesthesia, incision was made on lower abdomen and left common iliac artery was occluded by means of a vascular clamp for 2, 4 and 6 hour (hrs). Thereafter, the superficial portion of mid-belly of anterior tibial muscle and soleus muscles were excised at 0, 24 and 72 hrs after onset of reperfusion. The specimens were sectioned into slices, 2 mm in length, 1 mm in width and thickness. Some specimens were prepared for electron microscopic observation and others for determination of SOD activity by using antihuman Cu, Zn- and Mn-SOD antibodies. The results obtained were as follows. 1. In anterior tibial muscle, areas with loose electron-density and dilated cristae were observed in the mitochondria immediately after 2 hrs of ischemia, while widened intermyofibrillar spaces and dilated cisternae of sarcoplasmic reticulum were seen after 2 hrs and 24 hrs reperfusion. When subjected to 2 hrs ischemia and 72 hrs reperfusion, no significant change was found in the cellular ultrastructure. 2. In soleus muscle, electron density was loose in the matrix of mitochondria immediately after 2 hrs of ischemia, while cisternae of sarcoplasmic reticulum were dilalated after 2 hrs of ischemia and 24 hrs reperfusion. Following 2 hrs of ischemia and 72 hrs reperfusion, the electron microscopic findings were similar to those of normal rats. 3. The changes in cellular ultrastructure were more prominent in both the 4 hrs and 6 hrs ischemia groups, in which degree of ultrastructural changes were proportional to duration of reperfusion. 4. In anterior tibial muscle, trace or weak immunoreactivities of Cu, Zn- and Mn-SOD were seen, whereas trace immunoreactivity of Cu, Zn-SOD and trace or weak immunoreactivity of Mn-SOD were observed in soleus muscle. 5. The immunoreactivities of Cu, Zn- and Mn-SOD were not altered in 2 hrs ischemic and 72 hrs reperfused group, while they were increased slightly in 2 hrs ischemic and 24 hrs reperfused group. 6. In both muscles, the activity of SOD increased following 4 hrs or 6 hrs ischemia and 24 hrs or 72 hrs reperfusion. The changes in immunoreactivity of Mn-SOD were not different between two muscles, whereas immunoreactivity of Cu, Zn-SOD were higher in anterior tibial muscle. Consequently, it is suggested that significant ischemia reperfusion injuries are produced after 4~6 hrs ishemia followed by 24 hrs or 72 hrs reperfusion, that anterior tibial muscle is more susceptible to ischemic reperfusion injury and that the ischemic-reperfusion injury is closely related with activity of SOD.

The Distribution Patterns of the Cutaneous Nerves on Dorsum of the Hands in the Korean / 체질인류학회지

In order to investigate the distribution patterns of the dorsal digital nerves of the radial and ulnar nerve in the Korean, authors dissect the 113 hands (right 58/left 55) of the 59 cadavers (39 males/20 females). The types were classified by the area of radial dorsal digital nerves and the ulnar digital nerves. The difference in the distribution pattern between males and females, right and left hands was analysed by chi2-test in the case presenting the prequency more than 10%. The results as follows; 1. The ten types of the distribution patterns consisted of the radial and ulnar nerves were observed on the dorsum of the hands. 2. The case of the highest prequency was type VIII(33.9%), in which radial nerve supply the radial side of the 2 1-2 of digits and ulnar nerve extends the ulnar side 2 1-2 of digits. 3. In the cases of the both nerve mingling in the third digital web, the incidences in which the radial nerves extend to the radial half of ring finger and ulnar nerve to the ulnar half of middle finger (type III) were 25.7%, and that the radial nerves extend to the ulnar half of middle finger and ulnar nerve to the ulnar half of middle finger (type VI) were 11.0%. 4. Type IV as combined branch between the radial and the ulnar nerve extend to the third digital web was observed in the 12.8%. 5. The type III, VI, IX, X, XI showing the both nerves mingling in the third digital web and in the second digital web or combining in the second digital web were new observed in the Korean. 6. The musculocutaneous nerve replaces the superficial branch of the radial nerve in 4 cases. 7. There was no statistical difference in the distribution pattern between males and females, right and left hands. From the above results, it was suggested that the majority of the cases were that the ulnar digital nerves supplied the ulnar half of the middle finger in the Korean.

Effects of DMTU on Adriamycin Induced Changes in Ultrastructure of Hepatocytes in Growing and Adult Rats / 체질인류학회지

Adriamycin has been widely used as an anticancer drug in the treatment of thyroid tumor, metastatic breast cancer, sarcoma and lymphoma. The antineoplastic effects of adriamycin result from its inhibitory action on the nucleic acid synthesis and the formation of reactive oxygen radicals by redoxcycling during its metabolic process. Adriamycin affects the normal cells of the patients and causes the undesirable side effects and the toxic effects. Thus, in this study we investigated the effect of dimethyl thiourea (DMTU), a hydroxyl radical scavenger, on the ultrastructural changes of the hepatocyte after the administration of adriamycin in the growing and adult rats. 36 Healthy male Sprague -Dawley adult rats (about 350 g) and 36 male rats at growing peroid (about 120 g) was used as experimental animals. Adriamycin (25 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally and DMTU (500 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally 30 minutes after the administration of adriamycin. The rats were sacrificed at 24 hours and 72 hours after the administration of adriamycin. A part of the liver from left anterior lobe was obtained and sliced into about 1 mm 3 . The specimens were prepared by the routine methods for electron microscopy. All preparations were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and observed with Hitach -600 electron microscope. The results were as follows. 1. In the hepatocytes of the adult rat dilated, segmented and ribosome detached cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum, increased and dilated cisternae of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, damaged mitochondria and autophagic vacuoles were seen after the administration of adriamycin. The ultrastructural changes were progressive with the lapse of time. 2. In the hepatocyte of the growing rat dilated and ribosome detached cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum, changes of mitochondria, many lysosomes and the autophagic vacuoles were observed after the administration of adriamycin. 3. DMTU alone did not affect the ultrastructures of the hepatocytes in both growing and adult rats. 4. In the hepatocytes of growing and adult rats, dilated and ribosome detached cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum, dilated and increased cisternae of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, changes of mitochondria and autophagic vacuoles were seen after the combined administration of adriamycin and DMTU, but the degree of ultrastructural changes was

Effects of Ischemic Preconditioning, Adenosine and Pinacidil on Expression of Apoptosis in the Rectus Femoris Muscles of the Rats after Ischemia and Timely Reperfusion / 체질인류학회지

The ischemia and reperfusion injury of skeletal muscle is caused by generation of reactive oxygen species. Recently, apoptosis has been associated with oxidative stress in a number of cell systems. The effects of ischemic preconditoining in cardiac muscle have been established as rendering muscle tolerance to ischemic reperfusion damage via opening of KAPT channel and activation of adenosine A1 receptor. The effects and mechanisms of ischemic preconditioning are not known clearly. The present study was performed to investigate the effect and the mechanisms of ischemic preconditioning by measuring the incidences of apoptosis on timely reperfused ischemic muscles. The healthy Sprague -Dawley rats weighing from 200 g to 250 g were used as experimental animals. Under pentobarbital (50 mg/kg) anesthesia, lower abdominal incision was done and left common iliac artery was ligated by using vascular clamp for 2 hours. Rectus femoris muscles were obtained at 0 hour, 1 hour, 2 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours of reperfusion. The group of ischemic preconditioning underwent three episodes of 5 minutes occlusion and 5 minutes reperfusion of common iliac artery followed by 2 hours of ischemia and timely reperfusion. Adenosine (50 microgram/kg) or pinacidil (1 mg/kg) were administered intravenously before ischemia and 2 hours of ischemia and timely reperfusion was done. 6 microM of paraffin sections were obtained. The incidencies of apoptosis were observed by use of in situ apoptosis detection kit. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The reactivities to apoptosis in the rectus femoris muscle increased after 2 hours of ischemia and timely reperfusion. 2. After 2 hours of ischemia and timely reperfusion with ischemic preconditioning and the treatment of pinacidil, the reactivities to apoptosis in all groups decreased markedly. 3. After 2 hours of ischemia and timely reperfusion with the treatment of adenosine, the reactivities to apoptosis in all groups were similar to those in the group of 2 hours of ischemia and reperfusion. Consequently, these results suggest that the reactivities to apoptosis decrease after 2 hours of ischemia and timely reperfusion with ischemic preconditioning. The effect of ischemic preconditioning is related to opening of KATP channel partly.

Histochemical Studies of the Mucous of the Small Intestine in the Postnatal Albino Rats / 체질인류학회지

No abstract available.

Change in SOD Immunoreactivities of Proximal and Distal Muscles at Occlusive of the Hind Limb after 2 hours Ischemia and Timely Reperfusion / 체질인류학회지

No abstract available.