Professor SUN Shen-tian's experience in acupuncture treatment of depression based on "psychosomatic medicine" / 中国针灸

This paper introduces professor SUN Shen-tian's clinical thoughts and his characteristics of acupuncture techniques for the treatment of depression based on "psychosomatic medicine". Professor SUN, the master of traditional Chinese medicine, believes that depression refers to comorbidity of "heart mind" and "body", resulting from the "body-mind" disharmony, specially dominated by the emotional disorder. This disease is located in the brain, with the injury of mind and closely related to the heart and liver dysfunction. In pathogenesis, the dysfunction of brain mind and the unhealthy conditions of body and mind are involved. The treatment should focus on "regulating the mind, improving the intelligence, co-modulating the abdominal and brain functions and treating the physical and mental disorders". Baihui (GV 20), Ningshen (Extra) and emotional area on the head are selected as the main points to benefit the intelligence and calming down the mind; the abdominal region 1 and region 8 of "Sun's abdominal acupuncture" are used as the main points of the abdomen to regulate the brain functions. The point prescription is modified according to the symptoms and etiologies. The repeated transcranial acupuncture stimulation and electroacupuncture at low frequency (2 Hz) are crucial to the therapeutic effect. Reliving anxious emotions is specially considered before acupuncture, and the mind is protected and deqi is consolidated during acupuncture.

Essence of SUN Shen-tian's clinical features on acupuncture and moxibustion / 中国针灸

To summarize SUN Shen-tian's treatment ideas and clinical features. SUN applies meridian syndrome differentiation to the diagnosis and treatment of diseases; advocates that prevention and treatment of diseases should be regulated mind firstly; applies transcranial repetitive acupuncture combined modern cerebral cortex function positioning; emphasizes the application of multiple acupuncture methods and manipulation, and includes the meridian penetrating needling method, the flat needling and penetrating needling method, and the stagnant needle lifting method, pays attention to the importance of achieving qi and manipulation for the effect.

Resistance Reversion of Rapamycin on Ovarian Cancer Cell Line SKOV3/DDP and Its Molecular Mechanisms / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

[Objective]To study the resistance reversion of rapamycin on ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3/DDP,and ex-plore its underlying molecular mechanisms.[Methods]MTT method was used to detect the cell toxicity,drug-resistant multi-ple and reversing multiple of cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3/DDP;Western blot was used to detect the changes of Akt/mTOR Pathway induced by rapamycin.[Results]① MTT detected that when rapamycin concentration was 25,50,100,500 and 1 000 μg/L,its inhibition rates on cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3/DDP were 4.48%,25.30%,35.86%,67.82%,81.43%.The concentration of 25 μg/L was selected to be the reversal concentration,be-cause its maximum rate was less than 5%.②The resistant index(RI)of cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3/DDP was 2.21. ③ The reversal fold of 25 μg/L rapamycin on cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3/DDP was 1.63.④Western blot results:After the addition of rapamycin,expression of p-mTOR and its downstream protein p-p70s6k in SKOV3 and SKOV3/DDP was significantly reduced. Meanwhile,there was a feedback increase in p-Akt.[Conclusions]Rapamycin has a reversal effect on cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3/DDP. Its reversal mechanism may be inhibiting the cell proliferation and promoting cell apoptosis by depressing the expression of p-mTOR and its downstream pro-tein p-p70s6k in Akt/mTOR Pathway.

Correlation among levels of high sensitive C reactive protein,natriuretic peptide,endothelin-1 and nonvalvular atrial fibrillation / 心血管康复医学杂志

Objective:To explore correlation among levels of high sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP),brain natri-uretic peptide (BNP),endothelin 1 (ET-1) and nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF).Methods:A total of 124 NVAF patients hospitalized in our department of cardiology were selected.According their heart rhythm character-istics,they were divided into paroxysmal NVAF group (n＝56) and chronic NVAF group (n＝68).Another 48 pa-tients with sinus rhythm,corresponding gender,age,disease condition to NVAF group were simultaneously enrolled as sinus rhythm group.Levels of hsCRP,BNP and ET-1 were measured and compared among all groups.Results:Compared with sinus rhythm group,there were significant rise in levels of hsCRP [ (1.52 ± 0.86) mg/L vs.(2.32 ± 1.38) mg/L vs.(3.35 ± 3.02) mg/L],BNP [ (225.31 ± 70.23) pg/ml vs.(352.42 ± 167.02) pg/ml vs.(403.12 ± 132.05) pg/ml] and ET-1 [ (1.42 ± 0.65) ng/ml vs.(1.96 ± 0.76) ng/ml vs.(2.34 ± 1.15) ng/ml] in paroxys-mal NVAF group and chronic NVAF group,and those of chronic NVAF group were significantly higher than those of paroxysmal NVAF group,P＜0.05 or ＜0.01.Pearson correlation analysis indicated that serum BNP level was significant positively correlated with ET-1 level in NVAF patients (r＝0.325,P＝0.001).Logistic regression analy-sis indicated that levels of BNP,hsCRP and left atrial diameter were independent risk factors for NVAF (OR＝1.42,1.21,1.33,P＜0.05 or ＜0.01).Conclusion:Levels of high sensitive C reactive protein,brain natriuretic peptide and endothelin-1 are closely correlated to nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.

Effects of Osthole on Apoptosis of HL-60 Cells Induced by TRAIL and Its Related Mechanism / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effects of Osthole on apoptosis of HL-60 cells induced by tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) and its possible mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The proliferative inhibition of HL-60 cells treated with different concentrations of Osthole, TRAIL alone and Osthole combined with TRAIL was measured by MTT assay. The HL-60 cells were treated with Osthole, TRAIL alone and Osthole combined with TRAIL at the concentration<ICvalue, i.e. 100µmol/L for Osthole and 40 ng/ml for TRAIL. Apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of HL-60 cells were detected by flow cytometry; the mRNA expression of BCL-2, BAX and DR5 was determined by RT-PCR; and the levels of Caspase-3,-8,-9 activity were detected by spectrophotometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The combined treatment (100µmol/L Osthole + 40 ng/ml TRAIL) of HL-60 cells for 48 h induced an apoptotic rate of (33.9±2.7) %, which was significantly higher than that of cells treated with Osthole or TRAIL alone (P<0.05); at the same time, the combined treatment promoted the decrease of MMP and the expression rate of BCL-2/BAX, and potentiated the expression of DR5 and Caspase-3,-8,-9 activity.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Osthole can sensitize HL-60 cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis, which may be related with the activation of mitochondrial pathways and up-regulation of DR5.</p>

Anti-inflammatory effect of triptolide on LPS-induced uveitis / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To observe the anti-inflammatory effect of triptolide (TP) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-in-duced uveitis (LIU). METHODS:BALB/c mice (n=24) were randomly divided into 3 groups:blank control group (treated with normal saline), model group (treated with normal saline) and triptolide treatment group (treated with 0.05% triptolide eye drops),with 8 mice in each group. The mice in model group and triptolide treatment group were in-travitreally injected with LPS after 30 d of drug treatment. The anterior chamber was assessed by slit-lamp examination at different time points after modeling. Ocular tissues were collected for histological examination. The protein levels of inter-cellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1),interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in iridial and retinal samples were tested by ELISA. RESULTS:Compared with model group,the inflammatory reaction and clinical score were obviously decreased in triptolide treatment group at 24 h after modeling (P<0.01). The histopathological ob-servation indicated that infiltrating inflammatory cells were dramatically reduced in the anterior and posterior segments by triptolide eye drops. In addition, the expression levels of ICAM-1, IL-1β and MCP-1 were significantly decreased in the ocular tissues by treatment with triptolide (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:Triptolide prevents the injury of LIU by down-regulating inflammatory cytokines,and may be a new immune therapy for uveitis.

Sensitization of human colon cancer HT-29 cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by gambognic acid / 药学学报

To investigate the effects of gambognic acid (GA) on TRAIL-induced apoptosis of cancer cells, human colon HT-29 cancer cells were treated with GA to promote apoptosis. Inhibition of the cell proliferation was measured with MTT assay and cell apoptosis was detected with formation of DNA ladders in agarose gel electrophoresis, and activation of caspase activity. The content of cytosolic reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured with flow cytometry. The activities of Caspase-3, -8, -9 were detected using spectrophotometric assay. The levels of c-FLIP, CHOP, DR4 and DR5 in cells were tested by Western blot. Combination of GA (1 µg · mL(-1)) and TRAIL (40 ng · mL(-1)) significantly reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis of HT-29 cells over those induced by each agent alone. Percentage of apoptotic cells was increased to 45.5%. GA markedly enhanced the intracellular ROS generation. Expression of CHOP, DR4 and DR5 was up-regulated to 7.38, 5.41, and 4.85 times of the control group, respectively. GA promoted activation of Caspase-3, -8, and -9 by TRAIL (P<0.05). Furthermore, the expression of anti-apoptotic protein c-FLIP was down-regulated to 0.22 ± 0.08 times of the control group. In conclusion, GA sensitizes HT-29 cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by promoting ROS-activated ERS pathways, up-regulating of DR4 and DR5, and inhibiting c-FLIP expression.

Epidemiology of hand, foot, and mouth disease and genetic characterization of enterovirus A71: a survey from 2007 to 2012 in Linyi of Shandong Province, China / 病毒学报

To investigate the epidemiology of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and the genetic characteristics of enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) in Linyi of Shandong Province, China during 2007-2012. The number of reported HFMD cases were obtained from the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System (NNDRS) were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology method; the VP1 region of EV-A71 isolated from HFMD patients in Linyi was amplified and sequenced. Finally, the genetic variability and phylogenecity of VP1 sequences of EV-A71 were analyzed by MEGA 5.0. The results showed that HFMD incidence was reported in each year from 2007 to 2012 in Linyi, and the highest incidence and mortality were reported in 2009, when there were total 14697 cases and 9 of death. The reported incidence was 140.28/100000, and the mortality was 0.086/100000. The peak incidence usually occurred between April and July, and the summit occurred in May. Scattered children accounted for 77.37%-92.00% of all cases. The peak age was 2.5 years during 2007-2009 and 1.5 years during 2010-2012. A total of 1365 laboratory-confirmed HFMD cases were reported in the 6 consecutive years, accounting for 2.98% of the gross number. Among these reports, the ratio of EV-A71 was 44.18%, and the ratio of coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) was 46.59%. All EV-A71 strains isolated in Linyi during 2007-2012 belonged to the C4a evolutionary branch of C4 genotype. In conclusion, HFMD outbreaks occurred every year in Linyi during 2007-2012. Incidence varied significantly among different counties. The peak incidence in each year lasted from April to July. Most of the patients were children under 3 years of age, and scattered children took the highest proportion. Co-circulation of EV-A71 and CVA16 was the major cause of HFMD in each year. Since the first report of HFMD prevalence caused by EV-A71 (C4a) in 2007, the virus has been prevalent continuously in Linyi for 6 years.

Analysis of genetic characteristics of type II non-wild poliovirus in mainland China, 2010 / 病毒学报

To study the genetic characteristics of 123 type II non-wild polioviruses isolated from acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases in mainland China in 2010, provide the scientific basis for maintaining the "polio-free" status, and the switching use of polio vaccine for China. VP1 gene was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the PCR products were then sequenced. The sequence results were analyzed with Sequencher 4.8, BioEdit 7.0.9 and MEGA 5.0. Of 65 strains, nt2909 was found to be a mutation hotspot, and also a neurovirulence determinant in VP1 region. During 2010, two vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs) were isolated from Yunnan province, China and no wild poliovirus (WPV) was isolated. The epidemiological studies and laboratory results of the two VDPVs showed that they were newly discovered VDPVs because of the genetic difference from other VDPVs strains isolated in the world, implying the sensitive poliovirus surveillance network could timely detect the transmission of VDPVs and the importation of WPV.

Clinical observation on acupuncture for treatment of male osteoporosis / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the therapeutic effects of acupuncture combined with drug and simple drug for treatment of male osteoporosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-five cases were divided into an observation group (25 cases) and a control group (30 cases) randomly. The observation group was treated with acupuncture and moxibustion at Pishu (BL 20), Shenshu (BL 23), Mingmen (GV 4), Shenque (CV 8) and so on combined with taking Alendronate, while the control group was treated with taking Alendronate simply. The improvement of both Integral of Clinical Symptoms (ICS) and Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of two groups was observed after 6 months treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The ICS of two groups after treatment both decreased significantly (both P < 0.001), and the decreasing degree in observation group was more significant than that in control group (P < 0.001). The BMD of lumbar vertebrae and femur in observation group increased obviously than that before treatment (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The increasing degree of BMD of lumbar vertebrae in observation group after treatment was more obvious than that in control group (P < 0.05). There were abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia and other adverse reaction in control group, while the degree and occurrence rate of those in observation group alleviated and decreased obviously.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The effect of acupuncture combined with drug for treatment of male osteoporosis is good with little adverse reaction. This method is better than taking Alendronate.</p>

Genetic characterization of coxsackievirus A16 isolated in Ningxia Hui Municipality in 2008 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To study the genetic characterization of coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16)strains isolated during an epidemic of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in Ningxia Hui Municipality in 2008. Methods Clinical samples were collected from HFMD patients in Ningxia Hui Municipality and CVA16 strains were isolated by viral isolation methods. Reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR), specific for CVA16 were performed with these CVA16 strains.Entire VP1 coding region amplification and sequencing were then performed and finally phylogenetic tree was constructed among Ningxia CVA16 strains and CVA16 representative strains of known genotypes and subgenotypes. Results 70 Ningxia CVA16 strains were isolated from HFMD patients in Ningxia in 2008 and the homology of nucleotide and amino acid were 90.8%-100.0% and 98.9%-100.0%, respectively. Phylogenetic characteristics of the strains reconfirmed that they could be divided into two distinct genotypes-A and B. Genotype B could be further divided into the subgenotypes B1 and B2, while all the 70 Ningxia CVA16 strains belonged to the co-circulated clusters B1a and Blb within subgenotype B1, which belonged to 2 viral transmission chains.Conclusion Our results indicated that subgenotype B1 CVA16 strains continued to circulate over a wide geographic area of mainland China since the first reported episode in Shenzhen city in 1999. Like other CVA16 strains isolated elsewhere in China, both Bla and Blb evolution branches were co-circulating in Ningxia Hui Municipality. Based on the close phylgenetic and chronological relationship with CVA16 isolated in other countries and regions near China. Our data confimed that these strains co-evolved and co-circulated with those from neighboring countries and regions.

Genetic characterization of enterovirns 71 stains isolated in Ningxia province in 2008 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To study the genetic characterization of enterovirus 71 (EV71) strains isolated from specimens of patients with hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in Ningxia province in 2008. Methods All the stool, throat swab and vesicle samples that collected from patients with HFMD were cultured. The positive isolates were identified by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) with specific primers of EV71. Complete VP1 gene sequences (891 nucleotides) of 29 strains (part of 93 EV71 strains) were determined and compared with A, B and C genotype reference EV71 strains while EV71 China isolates by homogeneity and phylogenetic tree analyses. Results 215 strains of EV were isolated from 439 specimens. Results from RT-PCR indicated that 93 strains belong to EV71. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that the selected 29 stains were clustered with reference strains of C4 subgenotype. The nucleotide identity with C4 reference strains was 91.7%-99.4%. The amino acid homogeneity was 96.6%-100.0%. Conclusion The recently identified EV71 strains in Ningxia province belonged to subgenotype C4 which resembled to most of the isolates in China.

Reevaluate the effect of G-480 point mutation that determines the neurovirulence of type I vaccine polioviruses / 病毒学报

Whole genome sequencing of 9 type I circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs) isolated in Guizhou Province in China revealed that reverse mutations did not occur in G-480 and U-525 which are known as the most important neurovirulence determinate sites, while other known neurovirulence determinate sites such as A-2438, A-2795, C-6203 and G-7441 did revert to Mahoney type. 5 type I cVDPVs were selected for neurovirulence test on PVR-Tg21 transgenic mice which express human poliovirus receptor gene based on their different nucleotide sequences, they all showed higher neurovirulence than P1/Sabin strain, and the neurovirulence of CHN8184 and CHN8229-1. 1 were comparable to that of wild type P1/Mahoney. The neurovirulence of CHN8229-1.1, CHN8229-2 and CHN8229-3 presented a trend of decreasing, but still laid in high level. There were 7 nucleotide mutations between CHN8229-1.1 and CHN8229-2, and only 2 between CHN8229-2 and CHN8229-3 in their whole genomes, but the neurovirulence among them were relatively different, showing that there must be some unknown neurovirulence determinate sites among these mutations. Computer predicted RNA secondary structure of stem-loop V of the poliovirus 5' NCR of Guizhou type I cVDPVs was relatively stable. In the situation that no reverse mutation occurred in G-480, some type I cVDPVs already showed high neurovirulence nearly equal to P1/Mahoney, it meant that the effect of G-480 point mutation that determined neurovirulence of P1/Sabin strain has been overestimated, G-480 was not the only important site to determine neurovirulence in P1/Sabin strain, others also may play the very important role. More details are needed to elucidate the mechanism of attenuation in type I polioviruses.

Apoptosis induced by the C21 sterols in Baishouwu and its mechanism of action in hepatoma / 药学学报

This study is to investigate the effect of the C21 sterols on inducing apoptosis of hepatocellular cancer cells and its potential mechanism. The transplanted model of hepatoma substantiality (Heps) was established in mice, and the mice were divided into four groups: negative controls group and C21 sterols groups (10, 20, 40 mg x kg(-1)) , treated with drugs separately once a day for 9 days. Then the mice were sacrificed, the tumor growth inhibition rate (IR) was calculated and tumor tissue samples were taken and examined under electron microscope. The tumor cells were harvested and cell viability or apoptosis was analyzed by acridine orange and ethidium bromide (AO/EB) stain. B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 gene (bcl-2) in tumor cells was inspected by immunohistochemistry. After treatment with C21 sterols (10, 20, 40 mg x kg(-1)), inhibitory effect on the transplanted Heps was observed. The IR was 34.79%, 47.08% and 50.23%, respectively. Apoptosis induced by the C21 sterols was observed, low growth density and some apoptotic cells were observed in tumor under the electron microscope. The expression of bcl-2 gene on tumor cells decreased in the C21 sterols groups, but the percentage of positive area is higher in 40 mg x kg(-1) group than that in 20 mg x kg(-1) group, which differed from apoptosis results. Inhibiting the excessive expression of bcl-2 gene to promote apoptosis may be one of anti-tumor mechanisms for the C21 sterols in Baishouwu.

The effect of liposome-carried metallothionein on secondary venous ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat flap / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of liposome-carried metallothionein (lipo-MT) on secondary ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat island flap.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>An abdominal island flap was created in the Wistar rat. The animals were divided into four groups: the sham group, the secondary ischemia-reperfusion group, the group treated with blank liposome and the group treated with lipo-MT. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content, the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was assayed immediately, at 30 minutes and 7 days after the secondary venous ischemia-reperfusion. The level of endothelin (ET) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) of the rat plasma was measured at 30 minutes after secondary venous ischemia-reperfusion. The content of MT of the flap was assayed by Cd-hemoglobin saturation method at 7 days after the operation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The treatment of lipo-MT significantly decreased the content of MDA, MPO of the flap, decreased the activity of ET, LDH of the rat palsma, increased the content of MT of the flap and improved the flap viability.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Lipo-MT can improve flap survival by reducing ischemia-reperfusion injury.</p>

Dysfunction of myocardial and vascular taurine transport in spontaneously hypertensive rats / 生理学报

The alterations of taurine transport and the expression of taurine transporter (TAUT) mRNA in myocardium and aortic wall were investigated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. It was demonstrated that plasma taurine concentration and taurine release from myocardium and aortic wall in SHR were higher than those in WKY rats, whereas taurine content, taurine uptake and TAUT mRNA in myocardium and aortic wall of SHR were lower than those of WKY rats. In SHR, the maximal velocity (V(max)) of taurine transportation in myocardium and aortic wall was lower by 24% (P<0.05) and 35% (P<0.05) than that in WKY, their michaelis constants (Km) values were higher by 16% (P<0.05) and 39% (P<0.05), respectively. The results suggest that there is dysfunction of taurine transport in myocardium and aortic wall in SHR, which may be partly resulted from the decrease of TAUT activity and affinity, and down-regulation of TAUT gene expression.