Prognostic Implications of the Expression of CXCL16 in Breast Carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Of the many prognostic factors for breast cancer, the relationship between an infiltration of inflammatory cells and the prognosis is debatable. Of the chemokines affecting cancer's inflammatory reactions, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 16 (CXCL16) has attracted attention for its prognostic value in many cancers, including colorectal cancer and renal cell carcinoma. But the situation for breast carcinoma is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the prognostic factors and the CXCL16 expression in patients with breast carcinoma. METHODS: The patients (n=106) diagnosed with invasive ductal cancer of the breast were enrolled. We reviewed the clinicopathological factors of these patients, hematoxylin and eosin stains were prepared and estrogen receptor (ER), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu) and CXCL16 immunostaining was performed. RESULTS: The ER expression was significantly correlated with age and inflammation. A CXCL16 expression was noted in 81.1% of the cases. No association was evident between a CXCL16 expression and any other parameter, including the survival rate. Multivariate analysis did not implicate ER, HER2/neu or CXCL16 as an independent prognostic factor, but the tumor size was independent predictive factor for the patient outcome. CONCLUSIONS: An inflammatory reaction mediated by CXCL16 is not associated with the prognosis of breast cancer or any clinicopathological factors.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma of an Ileal Neobladder: A Case Report

Bladder reconstruction using bowel segments, especially the ileum, has become a realistic option for urinary diversion. There is only one prior case of squamous cell carcinoma of the ileal neobladder that has been reported in the clinical literature. Here we report a patient with a spectrum of squamous cell lesions, including squamous cell carcinoma, sarcomatoid carcinoma, squamous papilloma and squamous metaplasia that developed in the ileal neobladder. A 46-year-old woman underwent a hysterectomy, cystectomy and ileocystoplasty for tuberculosis 25 years previously complained of urinary frequency and gross hematuria for one week. A pelvic CT revealed a 6.3 cm mass in the neobladder. The histopathological examination showed an 11x8 cm polypoid fragile mass with a microscopically well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, squamous papilloma and non-tumor squamous metaplasia.