Epidemiological survey of childhood asthma in 2010 in urban Baotou, China / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the prevalence rate of childhood asthma in 2010 in urban Baotou, China, as well as the characteristics of attacks and the status of diagnosis and treatment of childhood asthma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>More than 10 000 children (0-14 years) were selected from 3 secondary schools, 3 primary schools, 6 kindergartens, and 4 community vaccination sites in urban Baotou by cluster random sampling between September 2009 and August 2010. A standardized preliminary questionnaire was used for screening out suspected cases, which were then confirmed or excluded by a clinician; the confirmed cases underwent further questionnaire survey. Double entry and validation was adopted for all data using Epi-Info software, and analysis was performed using SPSS 13.0.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 11 323 children were surveyed. Asthma was diagnosed in 127 cases (including 121 children with typical asthma and 6 children with cough variant asthma), with a prevalence rate of 1.12%. The prevalence rate of asthma in male children was significantly higher than that in female children (1.51% vs 0.72%; P<0.01). The prevalence rate of asthma in 2010 was significantly increased compared with that in 1990 (0.55%) and 2000 (0.88%) (P<0.05). Systemic glucocorticoid use decreased significantly from 60.2% in 2000 to 25.9% in 2010 (P<0.01); inhaled corticosteroid use increased significantly from 13.6% in 2000 to 85.8% in 2010 (P<0.01); antibiotic use decreased from 98.1% in 2000 to 66.9% in 2010 (P<0.01). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that family history of allergy, allergic rhinitis, chronic cough, and recurrent respiratory tract infection were independent risk factors for childhood asthma.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The prevalence rate of childhood asthma in urban Baotou shows an increasing trend. Inhaled corticosteroids have been widely used.</p>

Relationship of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome and erythropoietin in children / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To observe the effect of hypoxemia in children with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) on erythropoietin (EPO) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) levels in serum,and to learn the changes in endocrine and its relationship to growth in OSAHS children.Methods Seventy children with snoring were selected from Jun.2006 to Jun.2010 from the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University.Apnea hypopnea index ≥5 times/hour observed by the polysomnography,and the minimum oxygen saturation ＜ 92％ were taken as the standard,then the children were divided into OSAHS group (38 cases) and PS group (32 cases).The red blood cell count,hemoglobin,hematocrit,mean corpuscular volume,red cell distribution width,serum erythropoietin and hypoxia-inducible factors were observed and analysed statistically between the 2 groups.Results 1.Between OSAHS group and PS group,the differences of red blood cell count,hemoglobin and hematocrit were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.01).Mean corpuscular volume and red cell distribution width showed no significant difference between both groups (all P ＞0.05).2.The EPO level in OSAHS group was higher than that in the PS group,the difference was significanty (P ＜0.01).3.The serum levels of HIF-1α showed no significant difference between the 2 groups(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Hypoxemia induced by OSAHS can cause the changes in endocrine and the concentration of blood formed elements.This change is one of the most important process in physiological changes in children with OSAHS,and meanwhile it can also influence the growth of children.

Effect of the degree of muscle relaxation on motor-evoked potential elicited by transcranial electrical stimulation in spine surgery / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of the degree of muscle relaxation on motor-evoked potential elicited by transcranial electrical stimulation in patients undergoing spine surgery.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty ASA I or II patients undergoing spine surgery were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=12). After an initial intubation, continuous cisatracurium infusion was administered with continuous monitoring of T1. The infusion dose was adjusted according muscle relaxation monitoring, and different muscle relaxation degrees were maintained in the 5 groups. The band and latency of D1 in motor-evoked potential was observed with also subjective assessment of the muscle relaxation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Significant differences in the band and latency were noted in groups I and II compared with the reference values, but not in groups III, IV and V. Subjective assessment revealed significant differences between groups IV and V and groups I and III in terms of the number of cases with poor muscle relaxation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>T1 value between 10% and 15% is sufficient for MEP monitoring and allows the maintenance of good muscle relaxation during spine surgery.</p>

Power relation and condom use in commercial sex behaviors / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore whether condom use is influenced by power relation in commercial sex behaviors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Variables were designed to measure the power relation in commercial sex behaviors based on the theory of gender and power relation and data were collected from male sexually transmitted diseases (STD) patients and female commercial sex workers (FSWs) working at recreation centers or being detained in a women education center to identify the relationship between condom use and power relation in male and female respondents using bivariate and multiple regression analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A significant relationship was identified between power relation and female condom use, the higher the score of power relations, the higher frequency the condom use, but no similar result was found in males. Females got a higher score of power relation than males.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Power relation is one of the factors that influence condom use, which should be considered when relevant theories are used to study the rate of condom use. It is worthwhile exploring the relationship between safe sex and power relation in spouses and regular sex partners when interventions are adopted to prevent HIV/AIDS spreading from high risk groups to the general population.</p>

Expression of CD44 and nm23-H1 protein in the primary and metastatic lymph node lesions in supraglottic and hypopharyngeal cancer / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the metastasis feature of the primary and metastatic lymph node lesions in supraglottic or hypopharyngeal cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of CD44 and nm23-H1 in specimens from the primary and metastatic lymph node lesions of the 41 cases with supraglottic or hypopharyngeal cancer were studied with immunohistochemistry method and flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No correlation was found between the expression of CD44, nm23-H1 and the tumor differentiation of the supraglottic or hypopharyngeal cancer, but their expression related with the clinical staging. The CD44 and nm23-H1 positive expression rates in the primary and metastatic lymph node lesions were 75.6% (31/41), 85.4% (35/41) and 34.1% (14/41), 26.8% (11/41) respectively (P >0.05). The average fluorescence index of CD44 and nm23-H1 in the primary and metastatic lymph node lesions were 1.27 +/- 0.18, 1.33 +/- 0.16 and 1.11 +/- 0.19, 1.08 +/- 0.15 (x +/- s) respectively (P >0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The expressions of CD44 and nm23-H1 in the metastatic lymph node tumor had no difference compared with that in primary tumor of the supraglottic or hypopharyngeal cancer. The difference of metastasis potentials between the primary and metastatic lymph node lesions in the same patient was not proved in this study and should be further investigated from multiple oncogens markers.</p>