Analysis of haplotype and linkage disequilibrium of PPARγgene rs3856806, rs12490265, rs1797912, and rs1175543 in patients with metabolic syndrome in Kazakhs of Xinjiang / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of haplotype and linkage disequilibrium of PPARγgene rs3856806, rs12490265, rs1797912, and rs1175543 in patients with metabolic syndrome ( MS) in Kazakhs of Xinjiang.Methods MALDI-TOF-MS was used to detect PPARγgene rs3856806, rs12490265, rs1797912, and rs1175543 genotypes in 489 subjects ( including 245 MS and 244 controls ) .Results ( 1 ) The frequencies of rs3856806T, rs12490265A, rs1797912C and rs1175543G alleles for MS group in Kazakhs were all significantly lower than those for controls [ rs3856806T allele:12.53% vs 17.01%; rs12490265A allele: 31.84% vs 38.52%;rs1797912C allele:35.31%vs 43.24%;rs1175543G allele:40.61%vs 47.54%(all P<0.05)].(2)Significant linkage disequilibrium were observed between PPARγgene rs1797912 and rs1175543, rs12490265, and rs1175543 polymorphisms.(3)AGCC and GAAT were significantly different between MS and control group in Kazakhs(both P<0.05).(4) Carrying rs3856806T, rs12490265A, rs1797912C, rs1175543G was 0.267 times that of carrying rs3856806C, rs12490265G, rs1797912A, rs1175543A.Conclusions The PPARγgene rs3856806, rs12490265, rs1797912 and rs1175543 polymorphisms were associated with metabolic syndrome in Kazakhs.There were very strong linkage disequilibrium between PPARγgene rs1797912 and rs1175543, rs12490265 and rs1175543 polymorphisms, The AGCC haplotype and GAAT haplotype may serve as protective factors of metabolic syndrome.Carrying rs3856806T, rs12490265A, rs1797912C, and rs1175543G may confer lower risk of MS in Kazakhs.

Factors affecting arsenic methylation in arsenic-exposed humans：a systematic review and Meta-analysis / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To explore the regulation and effect factors of arsenic expose and arsenic methylation level, then to provide a reference for study the function of arsenic metabolism in a arsenic poisoning process. Methods A meta-analysis was performed by two researchers. Twenty-five papers satisfying our priori eligibility criteria were included by searching Cochrane library, Pubmed, Springer, Embase and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Based on the results of heterogeneity, a random or fixed effects model was chosen for the meta-analysis. Results The results showed that the following arsenic metabolites increased (all P<0.01) following arsenic exposure: inorganic arsenic [iAs; standardized mean difference (SMD): 1.07; 95% confidence interval (CI):0.61 - 1.53)], monomethyl arsenic (MMA; SMD: 1.10; 95% CI: 0.81 - 1.40), dimethyl arsenic (DMA; SMD: 2.50;95%CI:1.50-3.69), and total arsenic (TAs, SMD:3.10;95%CI:2.13-4.07). Additionally, the percentages of iAs (iAs%; SMD: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.60 - 1.40) and MMA (MMA%; SMD: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.21 - 0.77) also increased, while the percentage of DMA (DMA%; SMD: - 0.55; 95% CI: - 0.80 - - 0.31) decreased (P<0.01). The primary methylation index (PMI; SMD: - 0.57; 95% CI: - 0.94 - - 0.20), and secondary methylation index (SMI;SMD: - 0.27; 95% CI: - 0.46 - - 0.09) decreased (all P< 0.01). Compared to female, male had higher MMA%(SMD:0.44;95%CI:0.35-0.52), lower DMA%(SMD:-0.33;95%CI:-0.38--0.28) and SMI (SMD:-0.36;95%CI:-0.53--0.19). The smoker had higher MMA%(SMD: 0.22; 95%CI: 0.07 - 0.37) and lower DMA%(SMD:-0.16;95%CI: - 0.26 - - 0.05). The drinker had higher MMA% (SMD: 0.17; 95% CI: 0.07 - 0.27) and lower DMA%(SMD:-0.24;95%CI:-0.39--0.10). The older people had higher MMA%(SMD:-0.23;95%CI:-0.40--0.06). In addition, the body mass index may influence the percentages of MMA (SMD: - 0.18; 95% CI: - 0.31 - - 0.04, P < 0.01). Conclusion Arsenic exposure, smoking, drinking, and older age can reduce the capacity of arsenic methylation. Arsenic methylation is more efficient in women than in men.

Prevalence and associated risk factors of diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose in populations of Hans and Kazaks in Xinjiang / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective To investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of diabetes mellitus in populations of Hans and Kazaks in Xinjiang. Methods A total of 7 299 Hans and Kazaks adults from Shihezi, Xinyuan County of Yining city, and Shawan town of Tacheng City were surveyed. The data were collected according to questionnaire and physical examination and laboratory test. Results The prevalence rates of diabetes mellitus for male, female and all subjects were 8. 14% , 7. 77% , 7. 93% (Hans), and 7. 41% , 4. 90% , 5. 89% (Kazaks), respectively in Hans and Kazaks, Standardized rates were 6. 40% , 7. 06% , 6. 66% (Hans), and 5. 87% , 4. 60% , 5. 28% ( Kazaks), respectively . The prevalence rates of impaired fasting glucose( IFG) were 9. 54% , 8. 08% , 8. 70% ( Hans), and 12. 18% , 8. 62% , 10. 03% ( Kazaks), respectively. Standardized rates were 7. 04% , 7. 23% , 8. 54% ( Hans), and 10. 12% , 8. 09% , 9. 31% ( Kazaks), respectively. Old age, hypertension, dyslipidemia, overweight and obesity, and central obesity were risk factors for diabetes mellitus. Conclusion The prevalence rates of diabetes mellitus and IFG in Hans and Kazaks are higher than those in ethnic minorities in other region. Primary or secondary prevention should be implemented in time.

Study on the relationship of metabolizing enzyme CBS G919A gene polymorphism with essential hypertension on Hui nationality in Xinjiang / 实用医学杂志

Objective To discuss the relationship of metabolizing enzyme Cystathionine βsynthase (CBS) G919A gene polymorphism with essential hypertension on Hui nationality in Xinjiang. Methods Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to detect the gene polymorphism, blood lipid, blood sugar and other biochemical indicators were tested at the same time. Result The distribution frequency of genotype GG, GA, AA and A,G, of CBS G919A was 76.4%, 19.0%, 4.5%, which was of no significant difference compared with the control group (P > 0.05). Conclusion Gene polymorphism of CBS G919A was existed, which was no relationship with essential hypertension on Hui nationality in Xinjiang.

Study on the optimal waist circumference cut-off points of metabolic syndrome in Kazakh / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Questionnaire-based survey, physical examination, and blood testing were conducted according to cluster random samplings in Kazakh residents in Xinjiang.2 760 samples were collected to analyze the association of different strata of waist circumference and clustering of metabolic syndrome (MS) components.Accoding to International Diabetes Federation standard, the prevalence of ≥1and ≥2 components of MS showed increasing trend with the increase of waist circunference, and odds ratio of clustering of MS components also increased significantly.The distance of receiver operating characteristic curve was the shortest and the prevalence of MS was 22.1% ;22.4% in men, and 21.9% in women;when the waist circumference was ≥91 cm for men, and ≥88 cm for women.

Association of lipoprotein lipase gene Hind Ⅲ and S447X polymorphisms with metabolic syndrome in Kazakh of Xinjiang / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective To investigate the association of lipoprotein lipase gene Hind Ⅲ and S447X polymorphisms with metabolic syndrome. Methods PCR-RFLP was used to detect lipoprotein lipase Hind Ⅲ and S447X genotypes in 401 subjects(including 201 controls, 200 metabolic syndrome patients). Results ( 1 ) The levels of waist circumference ( WC ) , hip circumference ( HC ) , waist-to-hip ratio ( WHR ) , body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure ( DBP) , total cholesterol ( TC) , triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were significantly different between metabolic syndrome group and control group (all P< 0.05). (2)The frequencies of H+H+ genotype,H+allele,SS genotype, and S allele for metabolic syndrome were all significantly higher than those for controls( H+H+ genotype:66. 5% vs 54.2% ,P=0.012; H+ allele:78.0% vs 71.4%, P=0.031;SS genotype:89.5% vs 77. 1% , P = 0.001; Sallel:94.5% vs 87. 56% , P = 0.001). (3) The levels of WC, HC, WHR, BMI, SBP, DBP, TG, LDL-C, and FPG in H + H-/H-H- genotype were significantly lower than those in H+H+ genotype, HDL-C was significantly higher than that in H+H+ genotype ( all P<0. 05). The levels of WC, HC, WHR, BMI, SBP, DBP, TC, TG, and FPG in SX/XX genotype were significantly lower than those in SS genotype, HDL-C was significantly higher than that in SS genotype ( all P< 0.05). (4)Multi-way logistic regression analysis suggested that risk factors for metabolic syndrome were smoking, drinking, and SS genotype (OR value was 4.289,2.268, and 2. 597, respectively ). (5) Result of interaction analysis among different factors indicated that the risk for metabolic syndrome in smoker with SS genotype was 3. 996 times of non-smokers with SX/XX genotype. Conclusions The lipoprotein lipase gene S447X polymorphism is associated with metabolic syndrome risk in Kazakh, and SS genotype and S allele may serve as genetic risk factors of metabolic syndrome, H + H-/H-H- and SX/XX genotypes yield beneficial effect for lipid and blood pressure. SS genotype and smoking may exist additive effect.