Drug-resistance of Commonly Encountered Pathogens from Nosocomial Infection / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution of pathogens from nosocomial infection,and provide reference for the clinical rational use of drugs.METHODS Flora authentication and bacteriostatic test were operated routinely and with microorganism automatic identifier,and supplement bacteriostatic test was operated with Kirby-Bauer method if necessary.Results were judged according to the standard of NCCLS.RESULTS Totally 5 487 pathogens were mainly from phlegm,urine,blood and secretion;the most commonly encountered pathogens were Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter,Staphylococcus aureus and S.epidermidis.The rates were 25.1%,18.6%,8.9%,8.4% and 2.9%,respectively;the rates of drug-resistance to sulperazon and imipenem were all below 22.1%.The positive rates of ESBLs from E.coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae were from 17.3% to 30.3%;Gram-positive cocci′s amikacin-resistant rate and vancomycin-resistant rate were below 7.2% and 2.2%,respectively.CONCLUSIONS E.coli,P.aeruginosa,Acinetobacter,S.epidermidis and Candida albicans are the main pathogens from nosocomial infection;vancomycin is the first choice to treat meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus;sulperazon and imipenem are the first choice to treat zymogenic bacteria and non-fermentative bacilli infection.

Deep Fungal Hospital Infection: A 360 Case Investigation and Prevention Measures / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To investigate deep fungal hospital infection and methods of its decreasing. METHODS Case histories of near 3 years of hospitalized patients from Jan 2002 to Dec 2004 were analyzed according to Diagnosis Standard of Nosocomical Infection under the items,such as the patients,age,underlying disease,sample,strain,and species distribution. RESULTS There were 360 fungus strains belonged to 15 species in all samples;the patients age was 14-94 with 20 kinds of various underlying diseases;the fungi included Candida albicans,and C.tropicalis,accounted for 61.1% and 17.2%,respectively;the samples were sputum,urine,vaginal secretion,BLA,throat swab and pus,which were 42.2%,21.1%,13.9%,8.4%,5.8%,and 3.6%,respectively;the respiratory department,ICU,and urology department were mainly involved. CONCLUSIONS To prevent fungal infection, measures such as hospital′s environment and management including reasonable use of antibiotics play a great role in monitoring hospital fungal infection and its epidemiology.