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2.
Gastroenterol. latinoam ; 31(1): 9-20, mayo 2020. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, Inca | ID: biblio-1103076

RESUMO

The outbreak of COVID-19 disease has recently spread from its original place in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, to the entire world, and has been declared to be a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. All countries in America, in particular Chile, show an important increase in COVID-19 cases and deaths. The clinical manifestations of COVID-19 are a broad spectrum, from asymptomatic mild disease, to severe respiratory failure, shock, multiorgan dysfunction and death. Thus, high clinical suspicion and appropriate structure risk stratification are needed. Health care teams in endoscopy units, are at an increased risk of infection by COVID-19 from inhalation of droplets, mucosae contact, probably contamination due to contact with stools. Endoscopic aerosolized associated infections have also been reported. Different societies' recommendations, have recently placed digestive endoscopy (especially upper) among the high risk aerosol generating procedures (AGPs). In addition, live virus has been found in patient stools. On top of this, the infected health professionals may transmit the infection to their patients. Health care infection prevention and control (HCIPC), has been shown to be effective in assuring the safety of both health care personnel and patients. This is not limited to the correct use of personal protective equipment (PPE), but is based on a clear, detailed and well communicated HCIPC strategy, risk stratification, use of PPE, and careful interventions in patients with moderate and high risk of COVID-19. A conscientious approach regarding limited resources is important, as the simultaneous outbreak in all countries heavily affects the availability of health supplies. The Chilean Gastroenterology Society (SChGE) and Digestive Endoscopy Association of Chile (ACHED) are joining to provide continued updated guidance in order to assure the highest level of protection against COVID-19, for both patients and health care workers. This guideline will be updated online as needed.


El brote de la enfermedad denominada COVID-19, se ha extendido desde su origen en Wuhan, provincia de Hubei, China, a todo el mundo. La Organización Mundial de la Salud lo declaró pandemia en marzo de 2020. Todos los países de América, en especial Chile, presentan incremento de casos y fallecidos. Las manifestaciones clínicas de COVID-19 van desde una enfermedad leve, hasta insuficiencia respiratoria severa, shock, disfunción orgánica y muerte. Se necesita una alta sospecha clínica y una adecuada estratificación del riesgo. El equipo de salud en las unidades de endoscopia, tiene un mayor riesgo de COVID-19 que otras unidades clínicas y de apoyo diagnóstico, dada la mayor exposición a inhalación de gotas, contacto posible con mucosas y contaminación por contacto con deposiciones. Recomendaciones de diferentes sociedades colocan la endoscopia digestiva (especialmente la esofagogastroscopia o endoscopia digestiva alta, EDA) entre los procedimientos generadores de aerosoles (PGA) de alto riesgo. Además, se han encontrado virus viables en las deposiciones de los pacientes. Potencialmente, los profesionales de la salud infectados podrían contagiar a los pacientes. Se ha demostrado que la prevención y control de infecciones asociadas a la atención de salud (IAAS), son efectivos para garantizar la seguridad tanto del personal de salud, como de los pacientes. Esto no es solamente el correcto uso del equipo de protección personal (EPP), sino que se basa en una clara estrategia de IAAS, bien comunicada, con estratificación de riesgo, uso de EPP e intervenciones correctas en pacientes con riesgo moderado y alto. Es relevante un enfoque sobre los limitados recursos, dado la simultaneidad del brote en todos los países, que afecta la disponibilidad de insumos. La Sociedad Chilena de Gastroenterología (SChGE) y la Asociación Chilena de Endoscopia Digestiva (ACHED) publican esta guía actualizada para apoyar las buenas prácticas contra COVID-19, tanto para pacientes como para el equipo de salud. Esta guía podrá tener actualizaciones según avance la información disponible.


Assuntos
Humanos , Pneumonia Viral/prevenção & controle , Endoscopia do Sistema Digestório/normas , Infecções por Coronavirus/prevenção & controle , Betacoronavirus , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Controle de Infecções/métodos , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Pandemias , Unidades Hospitalares/normas
3.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; 35(1): 15-21, mar. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1003642

RESUMO

Resumen La fibrosis pulmonar es una enfermedad progresiva y de mal pronóstico por lo que el trasplante pulmonar sigue siendo una opción para pacientes bien seleccionados. Objetivo: Evaluar resultados y sobrevida de pacientes con fibrosis pulmonar trasplantados a 8 años de inicio del programa de trasplante. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de trasplantados de pulmón por fibrosis pulmonar desde agosto de 2010 a julio de 2018. Resultados: De un total de 76 trasplantes, un 68,4% han sido en pacientes con fibrosis pulmonar. La principal indicación fue fibrosis pulmonar idiopática (75%). El puntaje de priorización pulmonar (LAS) promedio fue de 53 y un 32% cumplía con criterios de urgencia. La edad promedio fue 55 años, y se usó técnica unipulmonar en un 98%. La principal complicación quirúrgica fue la estenosis bronquial (7,6%). De las complicaciones médicas precoces destacaron 26 episodios infecciosos y 6 rechazos celulares agudos. La principal complicación tardía fue la disfunción crónica de injerto. Los resultados funcionales promedio pre trasplante, a 1 y 3 años fueron: CVF de 49%, 71% y 70% del valor teórico. Un 40% ha fallecido en el período de seguimiento. La principal causa de mortalidad el primer año post trasplante fueron las infecciones. La sobrevida a 1, 3 y 5 años fue de 86,2%, 65,2% y 59,8% respectivamente. Conclusiones: En trasplante monopulmonar es una opción de tratamiento en estos pacientes, con una sobrevida de 59% a 5 años. Un tercio se trasplanta con criterios de urgencia, siendo las infecciones la principal complicación precoz y la disfunción crónica de injerto la complicación tardía más frecuente.


Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive disease with a bad prognosis. This situation makes rise lung transplant as a therapeutic option among carefully selected patients. Objective: Evaluate the results and survival rates of patients with pulmonary fibrosis that were transplanted through an 8 years period of follow-up, from the beginning of our transplant program. Methods: Descriptive study of the transplanted patients diagnosed with pulmonary fibrosis from august 2010 to july 2018. Results: Out of 76 transplants, 68.4% were due to pulmonary fibrosis, among these, the main diagnosis was idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (75%). The average lung allocation score (LAS) was 53 and 32% of them had urgency criteria. Patients ' age averaged 55 years-old and 98% of them underwent a single lung transplant. Early medical complications were seen in 26 patients with infectious episodes and 6 with acute rejection. The main late complication was chronic allograft dysfunction. The main surgical complication was bronchial stenosis (7.6%). In comparison to its base line reference values FVC means pre transplant and 1 and 3 years post-transplant were 49%, 70% and 71% respectively. A 40% of patients died during follow up period. Infections were the main cause of mortality during the first year. Survival rates at 1st 3rd and 5th year were 86,2%; 65.2% and 59.8% respectively. Conclusions: Single lung transplant is a therapeutic option for patients with interstitial lung disease with a 59% survival rate in 5 years, 1/3 fulfilled urgency criteria at the transplant time. The infections were the main early complication and chronic graft dysfunction was the main late complication.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Transplante de Pulmão/estatística & dados numéricos , Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Análise de Sobrevida , Chile , Capacidade Vital/fisiologia , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Seguimentos , Transplante de Pulmão/mortalidade , Resultado do Tratamento , Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática/fisiopatologia
4.
Rev. chil. endocrinol. diabetes ; 10(4): 157-159, oct. 2017. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-999054

RESUMO

Anaplastic thyroid cancer is an uncommon malignant tumor, usually fatal, primarily affecting older adults and doesn't have effective systemic therapy. The median survival is less than 6 months from diagnosis. Brain metastases are low frequency and reach 18 percent. We present the case of a patient with papillary carcinoma of the thyroid who takes an aggressive form, becoming anaplastic carcinoma, with involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) manifested by paralysis of the cranial nerve IV, which is rare clinical condition.


Assuntos
Humanos , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Anaplásico da Tireoide/diagnóstico , Tireoidectomia , Biópsia , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/patologia , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Evolução Fatal , Trombose do Corpo Cavernoso/etiologia , Carcinoma Anaplásico da Tireoide/cirurgia , Carcinoma Anaplásico da Tireoide/patologia , Carcinoma Anaplásico da Tireoide/diagnóstico por imagem
5.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; 31(4): 189-194, dic. 2015. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-775496

RESUMO

Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive disease. Lung transplantation is the only effective therapy for a group of patients. Objective: To evaluate results of lung transplantation for fibrosis up to a 5 years of follow up. Methodology: Retrospective review of clinical records of patients subjected to lung transplantation from Clínica Las Condes and Instituto Nacional del Tórax. Demographic data, type of transplant, baseline and post-transplant spirometry and 6 min walked distance (6MWT), early and late complications and long-term survival rate were analyzed. Results: From 1999 to 2015, 87patients with pulmonary fibrosis were transplanted, in average they were 56 years old, 56% were male, 89% of patients were subjected to a single lung transplant. 16% of them were in urgency. Baseline and 1-3-5 years for FVC were 49-73-83 and 78% of the reference values and for 6MWT were 280, 485, 531 and 468 meters respectively. Predominant complications < 1 year post-transplant were: acute rejection (30%) and infections (42%). Complications after 1 year of transplantation were chronic graft dysfunction (DCI) 57% and neoplasms (15%). The main causes of mortality > 1 year were DCI (45%) and neoplasms (11%). The estimated 1, 3 and 5 year survival rate were 84, 71 and 58% respectively. Conclusions: Lung transplantation in patients with pulmonary fibrosis improves their quality of life and survival rate. The monopulmonary technique is efficient in the long term. Acute rejection and infection were the most common early complications and chronic graft dysfunction was the prevalent long-term complication.


La Fibrosis pulmonar es una enfermedad progresiva y el trasplante constituye una terapia efectiva para un grupo de pacientes. Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados del trasplante pulmonar por fibrosis a 5 años. Metodología: Revisión retrospectiva de registros de trasplante pulmonar de la Clínica Las Condes e Instituto Nacional del Tórax. Se analizaron datos demográficos, tipo de trasplante, función pulmonar basal y post-trasplante, complicaciones precoces y tardías y sobrevida a largo plazo. Resultados: Entre 1999 y 2015 ambos centros trasplantaron 87 pacientes por fibrosis pulmonar. Los pacientes tenían una edad promedio de 56 años, 56% eran del género masculino y se usó técnica monopulmonar en 89% de ellos. 16% de los pacientes se encontraba en urgencia. Los resultados espirométricos y la distancia caminada en 6 minutos (T6 min) basales y a 1- 3 - 5 años fueron: CVF 49- 73- 83 y 78% del valor teórico y T6 min fue 280, 485, 531 y 468 metros respectivamente. Complicaciones predominantes < 1 año fueron: rechazo agudo 30% e infecciones 42%. Complicaciones > 1 año fueron: disfunción crónica del injerto (DCI) 57% y neoplasias 15%. Las causas de mortalidad > 1 año fueron DCI 45% y neoplasias 11%. La sobrevida estimada a uno, 3 y 5 años fue 84, 71 y 58% respectivamente. Conclusiones: El trasplante en pacientes con fibrosis pulmonar, permite mejorar la calidad de vida y sobrevida de estos pacientes. La técnica monopulmonar es eficiente a largo plazo. En las complicaciones precoces predominaron el rechazo agudo e infecciones y a largo plazo la DCI.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Transplante de Pulmão/métodos , Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática/cirurgia , Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática/complicações , Espirometria , Exercício Físico , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea , Análise de Sobrevida , Capacidade de Difusão Pulmonar , Estudos Retrospectivos , Caminhada , Dados Estatísticos , Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática/diagnóstico
6.
Gastroenterol. latinoam ; 25(4): 243-256, 2014.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-766591

RESUMO

Digestive endoscopy is a complex tool for diagnosis and treatment, with continuous development both in technical aspects and in their application for the different pathologies where this technique is required. Therefore, a continuous education program is necessary for the practitioner using this technique. With the purpose of reaching an agreement between different aspects of the performance of these procedures and also generating proposals for its application that are useful for the physicians of this area of expertise, during 2013 the Chilean Association of Digestive Endoscopy (ACHED) developed a workshop called ‘Relevant aspects of digestive endoscopy. Evidence-based suggestions’. This workshop was attended by gastroenterologists and trainee practitioners, who worked in groups during a period of two months where they reviewed available evidence to answer several questions relating to milestones and lesions that need to be described in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, the preparation of the GI endoscopy report, technical aspects and quality measures in colonoscopy. This review resulted in proposals that were analyzed and agreed on in the form of recommendations presented for further analysis and discussion amongst endoscopic teams in our country.


La endoscopia digestiva es una herramienta de diagnóstico y tratamiento médico compleja, en continuo desarrollo tanto en lo técnico como en los conceptos de manejo de las patologías en las que se utiliza.Por lo tanto, es deseable una estrategia de formación continua del profesional que la realiza. Con el objetivode consensuar diferentes aspectos en la realización de estos procedimientos y generar propuestas de manejoque sean de utilidad para todos los médicos involucrados en esta especialidad, la Asociación Chilenade Endoscopia Digestiva (ACHED) realizó durante el año 2013 un curso taller denominado “Aspectosrelevantes en la realización de la endoscopia digestiva. Propuestas basadas en la evidencia”. Este cursoconvocó a gastroenterólogos y médicos en formación de la especialidad que conformaron grupos de trabajoque durante 2 meses revisaron la evidencia disponible para responder diversas preguntas en relación a los hitos y lesiones a describir en endoscopia digestiva alta (EDA), la realización del informe en EDA, aspectos técnicos y medidores de calidad en colonoscopia. La revisión les permitió generar propuestas que fuerondiscutidas y consensuadas en recomendaciones que se proponen para su discusión por los equipos endoscópicos de nuestro país.


Assuntos
Humanos , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal/normas , Gastroenteropatias/cirurgia , Gastroenteropatias/diagnóstico , Controle de Qualidade
7.
Gastroenterol. latinoam ; 25(4): 275-281, 2014. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-766595

RESUMO

Infection (CDI) is increasing both in the hospital environment as in the outpatient setting, and is associated with prior use of antibiotics, hospitalizations and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), among others. It is also characterized by a high rate of recurrence with the usual antibiotic treatment, which increases with greater number of episodes, reaching up to 65 percent. In this context, the transplantation of fecal microbiota (FMT) emerges as recurrent CDI therapy, achieving success rates exceeding 90 percent, including in IBD patients, with minimum rates of recurrence. To achieve such efficiency, the colonization by the donated microbiota in the recipient is critical. The role of FMT is still unclear in IBD therapy not associated with CDI. Although there are great differences in the methodology of FMT, the process has been standardized even creating banks of frozen fecal samples, without reducing its effectiveness. FMT is a safe procedure, without serious adverse events, and accepted by the potential beneficiary population. There are few reported cases of refractory CDI management with FMT. Since 2012, the FMT in CDI and IBD publications have increased significantly, but in our country there are only few reports of this therapeutic strategy. We present a patient with ulcerative colitis and conventional antimicrobial management resistant CDI, which was successfully treated with FMT in a public hospital in Chile.


La infección por Clostridium difficile (ICD) está en aumento tanto en el ambiente hospitalario como ambulatorio, y se asocia a uso previo de antibióticos, hospitalización y enfermedades inflamatorias intestinales (EII), entre otros. Se caracteriza además por su alta tasa de recurrencia con el tratamiento antimicrobiano habitual, que aumenta con el mayor número de episodios alcanzando hasta 65 por ciento. En este contexto, el trasplante de microbiota fecal (TMF) surge como terapia para la ICD recurrente, logrando tasas de éxito superiores a 90 por ciento, incluyendo pacientes con EII, con mínimas tasas de recurrencia. Para lograr esa eficacia, la colonización por la microbiota donada en el receptor es fundamental. Aún no está claro el rol del TMF en la terapia de EII no asociada a ICD. Aunque existe gran heterogeneidad en la metodología del TMF, el proceso se ha ido estandarizando incluso hasta llegar a la creación de bancos de muestra fecal congelada, sin disminuir su efectividad. El TMF es un procedimiento seguro, sin eventos adversos graves y aceptado por la población potencialmente beneficiaria de él. Existen pocos casos publicados de manejo de ICD refractaria con TMF. Desde el 2012 el número de publicaciones sobre TMF en ICD y en EII ha aumentado considerablemente, sin embargo, en nuestro país los reportes sobre esta estrategia terapéutica son escasos. Presentamos el caso de un paciente con colitis ulcerosa e ICD refractaria al manejo antimicrobiano habitual, que se trató exitosamente con TMF en un hospital público de Chile.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Colite Ulcerativa/complicações , Fezes/microbiologia , Infecções por Clostridium/complicações , Infecções por Clostridium/terapia , Clostridioides difficile , Colite Ulcerativa/microbiologia , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/complicações , Microbiota , Transplante , Terapia Biológica/métodos
8.
Gastroenterol. latinoam ; 24(2): 63-66, 2013. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-763440

RESUMO

Introduction: Potentially hepatotoxic drugs are used in tuberculosis treatment. The incidence range of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) varies from 0.6 to 33 percent. Adverse reactions can be asymptomatic; therefore periodical liver tests are required. Multiple risk factors are described, such as age and HIV infection, among others. Objective: To determine risk factors associated to DILI and secondary lethality in patients receiving anti-tuberculosis drugs. Materials and Methods: The database from the Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Central de Chile was used. 1,249 patients were analyzed from 2003 to 2008 to determine DILI’s frequency and time of appearance. Multivariate binominal regression was used to study possible risks associated to hepatotoxicity. Results: 2,8 percent of our patients presented DILI (n = 35), three of them died from this cause (8.5 percent). Association between DILI and HIV infection and extrapulmonary tuberculosis was observed (p < 0.01). DILI was present in 50 percent of our patients before the 23rd day. Conclusions: We propose a more exhaustive control of the liver function in patients with DILI risk factors, including HIV carriers and extrapulmonary tuberculosis.


Introducción: El tratamiento antituberculosis incluye drogas hepatotóxicas, estimándose una incidencia de daño hepático inducido por medicamentos (DHIM) entre 0,6 y 33 por ciento. Puede ser asintomático, debiendo evaluarse periódicamente con perfil hepático. Se han descrito múltiples factores de riesgo, como mayor edad e infección por VIH, entre otros. Objetivo: Determinar factores asociados al desarrollo de DHIM y letalidad secundaria a tratamiento antituberculosis. Materiales y Métodos: Base de datos del Programa de Tratamiento antituberculosis del Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Central de Chile. Se analizaron 1.249 pacientes entre 2003 y 2008. Se determinó frecuencia y tiempo de aparición de DHIM. Se estudiaron posibles factores asociados a hepatotoxicidad mediante regresión binomial. Resultados: se diagnosticó DHIM en 2,8 por ciento de los pacientes (n = 35), falleciendo 3 de ellos por esta causa (8,5 por ciento). Se observó asociación entre DHIM con ser portador de VIH (+) y tuberculosis extrapulmonar (p < 0,01). Aparición de DHIM antes del día 23 en 50 por ciento de los casos. Conclusión: Sugerimos un control más exhaustivo del perfil hepático en pacientes con factores de riesgo, entre los cuales deben considerarse los portadores de VIH y tuberculosis extrapulmonar.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Antituberculosos/efeitos adversos , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/epidemiologia , Tuberculose/complicações , Incidência , Análise de Regressão , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Tuberculose/tratamento farmacológico
9.
Rev. chil. ter. ocup ; 12(1): 45-58, ago. 2012. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-704357

RESUMO

Objetivo: comparar la eficacia de la prevención no farmacológica estándar (PnFE) versus la prevención no farmacológica reforzada (PnFR), consistente en prevención no farmacológica estándar más terapia ocupacional (TO) precoz e intensiva, en la incidencia del delirium en adultos mayores (AM) ingresados a unidad de pacientes críticos (UPC). Diseño: ensayo clínico randomizado, en UPC del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile (HCUCH). Sujetos: 70 pacientes de edad igual o superior a 60 años, ingresados al HCUCH entre abril y octubre del 2011, con necesidad de ingreso a UPC para monitorización, hospitalización por enfermedad aguda/crónica descompensada, con consentimiento del paciente o familiar y sin presencia de delirium al ingreso ni deterioro cognitivo previo al estudio. Materiales y métodos: PnFE (grupo control) consiste en: reorientación, movilización precoz, corrección de déficit sensoriales, manejo ambiental, protocolo de sueño y reducción de fármacos anticolinérgicos, versus PnFR (grupo experimental), que considera las siguientes áreas de intervención de TO: estimulación polisensorial, posicionamiento, estimulación cognitiva, entrenamiento en actividades de la vida diaria básica, estimulación motora de extremidades superiores y participación familiar; durante 5 días, dos veces al día. Se evaluó la presencia del delirium, con el CAM dos veces al día durante 5 días, y la severidad de éste con DRS; previo al alta se evaluó, independencia funcional con FIM, estado cognitivo con MMSE y fuerza de garra con dinamómetro de Jamar. Resultados: la PnFR de TO se asocia a menor incidencia de delirium, afectando al 16,1 por ciento del grupo con prevención no farmacológica estándar versus un 3,1 por ciento del con prevención no farmacológica reforzada, así como a menos días de hospitalización (20,6 días versus 10,4 p=.009). La independencia funcional al alta se mantiene en aspectos cognitivos (32,5 versus 32,9) mientras que en aspectos motores aumenta...


Objective: to compare the efficacy of standard non pharmacological prevention of delirium versus intensified prevention of delirium (standard prevention plus early and intensive occupational therapy) in the incidence of delirium in older adults (OA) admitted to critical patient unit (CPU). Desing: randomized control trial, blinded to outcome evaluator, in the CPU of Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile. Subjects: 70 patients aged 60 years or older, admitted to CPU between April and October of 2011, with need for admission to CPU for monitoring, acute or decompensated chronic illness, without cognitive impairment and consent by patient or family member. Materials and methods: standard prevention group consisted in: reorienting, early mobilization, correction of sensory deficit, environmental management, protocol of sleep and reduction of drugs, and intensified prevention based on standard measured plus early and intensive Occupational therapy: multisensory stimulation, positioning, cognitive stimulation, training in activities of daily living, motor stimulation of the upper extremities and family participation, twice a day for 5 days. Delirium was evaluated (twice a day for 5 days) with CAM and severity with DRS. Primary outcome was delirium incidence, and secondarily were functional independence (FIM), cognitive status (MMSE) and strength of grip with jamar dynamometer at leaving. Results: early intervention and intensive occupational therapy is associated with lower incidence of delirium, affecting 16.1 percent of non-pharmacological standard prevention group and 3.1 percent of intensified prevention group, as well as fewer days of hospitalization (20, 6 days versus 10,4, p= 0,009). The functional independence at leaving keeps in cognitive (32.5 versus 32.9) and is increases significantly in motor aspects (46.5 versus 58.3 l, P =. 03). Conclusion: standard prevention plus early intensive intervention of occupational therapy is effective in...


Assuntos
Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Delírio/prevenção & controle , Terapia Ocupacional , Delírio/reabilitação , Fatores de Tempo , Hospitalização , Incidência , Tratamento Farmacológico , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Resultado do Tratamento , Tempo de Internação , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva
10.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 128(8): 829-38, ago. 2000. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-270904

RESUMO

Background: It is known that the sympathetic varicosities co-store and co-release norepinephrine (NE) together with adenosine S-triphosphate (ATP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY). Aim: To describe the chemical characterisation of stored and released NPY from the varicosities of sympathetic nerve terminals surrounding segments of the human saphenous vein, and the vasomotor activity of rings electrically depolarized or contracted by the exogenous application of the co-transmitters. Material and methods: Saphenous vein tissues were obtained from patients undergoing elective cardiac revascularization surgery. Results: The chromatographic profile of NPY extracted from biopsies is identical to a chemical standard of human NPY. Upon electrical depolarisation of the perivascular sympathetic nerve terminals, we demonstrated the release of NPY to the superfusion media, which did not exceed a 1percent of its stored content. The release of the peptide is sensitive to guanethidine, and to extracellular calcium, suggesting that the mechanism of its release is exocytotic in nature. The electrically evoked release of NPY is dependent on the frequency and duration of the electrical pulses. Phenoxybenzamine reduces the electrically evoked release of NPY. Exogenous application of NE and ATP contract saphenous vein rings; the simultaneous application of NE plus ATP causes a synergic response, effect which is further potentiated by the joint co-application of 10 nM NPY. Conclusions: Present results highlight the role of NPY as a sympathetic co-transmitter in the regulation of human vascular tone


Assuntos
Humanos , Neuropeptídeo Y , Sistema Nervoso Simpático/fisiologia , Transmissão Sináptica/fisiologia , Veia Safena/patologia , Veia Safena , Biópsia , Monoaminas Biogênicas/farmacologia , Norepinefrina/farmacologia , Estimulação Elétrica Nervosa Transcutânea
13.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 118(12): 1350-4, dic. 1990. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-96884

RESUMO

We analyzed 31 patients with a diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis, 29 of them males, aged 23 to 72 years. Liver biopsy was diagnostic in all showing initial findings of the disease in 5. Echotomography and cholangiography demonstrated a patent biliary, tract. Antimithocondrial antibodies were present in 94% of patients. Alkaline phosphatase and biliary acid levels were useful for diagnosis. Pruritus was present with varying intensity in all patients, with premenstural exacerbations in 5 females who had cholestasis of pregnancy or hepatitis caused by progestin drugs before developing cirrhosis. Recurrent urinary tract infection was present in 8 patients, osteosporis in 24, Sjogren's syndrome in 24 and Crest syndrome in 4. Survival ranged from 1 to 12 years, death being caused by rupted esophageal varices in 12 patients and by liver failure in 7. Persistance of pruritus and altered liver function tests after cholestasis of pregnancy or hepatitis caused by progestins should lead to investigation of biliary cirrhosis


Assuntos
Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Cirrose Hepática Biliar/diagnóstico , Seguimentos , Colestase Intra-Hepática/diagnóstico
17.
Rev. chil. urol ; 51(2): 180-2, 1988. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-69985

RESUMO

El fibroxantosarcoma es una neoplasia maligna rara, de tejidos blandos, cuya localización topográfica más frecuente se presenta en las extremidades y en la pared torácica. La ubicación renal se ha reportado en 7 oportunidades previas a nuestro informe. Se presenta el caso clínico, el tratamiento a que fue sometido y se discute su resultado luego de 1 año de seguimiento


Assuntos
Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Fibrossarcoma , Neoplasias Renais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles
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