RESUMO
Introduction: The larynx is an air passage and a sphincteric device used in respiration and phonation. The larynx, from inside outwards has a framework of mucosa surrounded by fibro-elastic membrane which in turn is surrounded by cartilages and then a layer of muscles.As thyroid cartilage is the largest amongst all the laryngeal cartilage, its study is helpful in constructing biomechanical model, planning of larnygoplasty, positioning of thyroplasty window and analysis of CT and MRI scan. Aim: The aim of the present study is to estimate various dimensions of Thyroid cartilages in Indian subjects. Material & Methods: 50 larynx were obtained from embalmed cadavers, of which 10 larynx were of females. Thyroid cartilage was dissected from the larynx and morphometric analysis was done. Results & Conclusions: The average maximum height of the thyroid laminae was found to be 26.56 mm. ± 2.88 mm. on the right and 26.60 mm. ± 2.84 mm. on the left in males and 24.20 mm. ± 3.89 mm. on both right and left in females. The average width of the thyroid laminae was found to be 36.83 mm. ± 3.60 mm. on the right and 37.07 mm. ± 3.67 mm. on the left side in males and 31.85 mm. ± 3.69 mm. both on right and left in females. The average internal angle of thyroid cartilage was found to be 74.40° ± 8.21° in males and 92.35° ± 6.63° in females.
RESUMO
The sex determination of individual is greatly useful in Anatomy, Archeology & Forensic departments. The hip bone is most reliable bone to determine the sex of individual. A biometrical study of posterior border of 100 adult human hip bones has been done. With the use of osteometric board & triflanged stainless steel caliper, various parameters were measure. Various variables of posterior border of hip bone were calculated by using range, mean, S.D. & P value. In all parameter the arch PB (arch of posterior border), the total angle of greater sciatic notch & the posterior angle of greater sciatic notch gives statistically significant differences between the means related to sex. Above three parameters were highly significant to determine the sex by posterior border of hip bone. The mean value of the arch PB of male was high than female. The mean value of posterior angle of greater sciatic notch was 2.5 times higher in female. We had also measure demarking point (DP) for above three variables. The demarking point gives 99.75% accurate data which were measure by adding & subtracting 3xS.D.from the means. In present study the demarking point for arch PB was >143mm in male & <126mm in female, total angle of greater sciatic notch was <460 in male & >860 in female & posterior angle of greater sciatic notch <110 in male & >250 in female. In medicolegal cases where 100% accuracy is required, the use of demarking point is preferable. This study is useful for carrying out medico legal examination of bones, cephalopelvic proportions in obstetric cases, for academic studies in Anatomy & for anthropological examination of skeleton, radiological study of pelvis & for archaeological examination of skeleton.