Location of CNS Labeled Neurons Innervating the Rat Thymus Using the Pseudorabies Virus / 체질인류학회지

This experimental studies was to investigate the location of CNS labeled neurons following injection of pseudorabies virus (PRV), Bartha strain, into the rat thymus. After survival times of 96~120 hours following injection of PRV, the rats were perfused, and their spinal cord and brain were frozen sectioned(30micrometer). These sections were stained by PRV immunohistochemical staining method, and observed with light microscope The results were as follows: 1. The PRV labeled spinal cord segments projecting to the rat thymus were founded in cervical and thoracic segments. Densely labeled areas of each spinal cord segment were founded in lamina V, VII, X, intermediolateral nucleus and dorsal nucleus. 2. In the rhombencephalon, PRV labeled neurons projecting to the thymus were founded in the A1 noradrenalin cells/C1 adrenalin cells/caudoventrolateral reticular nucleus, rostroventro-lateral reticular nucleus, medullary reticular nucleus, area postrema, nucleus solitary tract, nucleus raphe obscurus, nucleus raphe pallidus, nucleus raphe magnus, gigantocellular reticular nucleus, lateral paragigantocellular nucleus and spinal trigeminal nucleus. 3. In the mesencephalon, PRV labeled neurons were founded in parabrachial nucleus, Kolliker-Fuse nucleus, central gray matter, substantia nigra, nucleus dorsal raphe, A8 dopamin cells of retrorubral field, Edinger-Westphal nucleus, locus coeruleus, subcoeruleus nucleus and A5 noradrenalin cells. 4. In the prosencephalon, PRV labeled neurons were founded in reuniens thalamic nucleus, paraventricular thalamic nucleus, precommissural nucleus, paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, anterior hypothalamic nucleus, lateral hypothalamic nucleus, preoptic hypothalamic nucleus, retrochiasmatic area, arcuate nucleus, dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus and ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus. These results suggest that PRV labeled neurons of the spinal cord projecting to the rat thymus might be the neurons related to the viscero-somatic sensory and sympathetic preganglionic neurons, and PRV labeled neurons of the brain may be the neurons response to the movement of smooth muscle in blood vessels. These PRV labeled neurons may be central autonomic center related to the integration and modulation of reflex control linked to the sensory system monitoring the internal environment. These observations provide evidence for previously unknown projections from spinal cord and brain to the thymus which may be play an important role in the regulation of thymic function.

A Clinical Observation on Posterior Fossa Injury

Posterior fossa injury is a relatively infrequent in all craniocerebral injuries, which may be a rapidly fatal disease unless the diagnosis and prompt treatment are made. Delay in operation or failure to make the diagnosis early may result in death from medullary decompensation. An injury to the occipital region, followed by signs and symptoms of cerebellar or medullary nerve dysfunction, should cause one to suspect the existence of this lesion. It is well to remember that neither the surgically demonstrated presence of a supratentorial clot nor the roentgenological failure to demonstrate an occipital fracure excludes the presence of a mass lesion in the posterior fossa. Authors studied 104 cases of posterior fossa injury admitted at Department of Neurosurgery, Kyung Hee Medical Center from October 5 th, 1971 to August 30 th, 1974. The results were as follows: 1) The incidence of posterior fossa injury was 5.7% of all craniocerebral injuries. 2) The age incidence was greatest in the age group between 10 and 20. 27.9% of all cases were belonged in this group. 3) Common causes were traffic accident(82 cases:78.8%), falls from(14 cases:13.5%) and direct blow(6 cases:5.8%). 4) Male outnumbered female by almost 2 to 1. 5) Common symptoms were disturbance of consciousness(67 cases:64.4%), headache(43 cases:41.3%) and vomiting(24 cases:21.3%). 6) Scalp injuries were demonstrated in 95 cases and occipital, bone fracture in 58 cases under gross and radiological examination of posterior fossa. 7) Time interval between injury and operation was greatest at 3 to 6 hours. 8) In 30 cases of operation, massive cerebellar contusion was 13 cases, extradural hematoma was 7 cases and subdural hematoma was 2 cases and negative exploration was 6 cases. 9) The overall mortality rate was 25%.

A Case of Oligodendroglioma

We have seen a case of oligodendroglioma arising in the left frontal lobe of 64-year-old woman. She had complained of longstanding headache with occasional seizures and episodic dysarthrias for six years before admission. On admission there were drowsy mentality and bilateral papilledema of 3 diopters without other neurological abnormality. The tumor was showed as a calcified mass of an egg size in the left frontal lobe even on the plain skull X-ray films. The tumor was totally removed by surgery and measured 4(5(4cm. On microscopic examination it was a typical oligodendroglioma. The patient was discharged in good condition on the twelfth postoperative day. Many authors reported that the incidence of oligodendrogliomas in all glioma group was relatively rare. In Korea there was no clinical report of oligodendroglioma except only two cases reported by Dr. Lee et al. in 1966. So we present this case, though it was typical and classical in pathological nature and clinical process.

A Case of Pyogenic Ventriculitis Complicating Obstruction of Aqueduct of Sylvius

A rare case of ventriculitis associated with the obstruction of aqueduct of Sylvius is reported and the pertinent literature reviewed. A 24 years old male, who had been suffering from a longstanding chronic pyogenic ear disease since childhood, was admitted to our clinic in Dec. 1973 with a comatose state. Contrast radiology showed the obstructive hydrocephalus with the occluded aqueduct of Sylvius, but neither intracerebral or intracerebellar space consuming mass presented. Cerebrospinal and ventricular fluid revealed a marked growth of Escherichia Coli. So ventriculitis complicating obstruction of the aqueduct of Sylvius due to chronic suppurative otitis media and mastoiditis was diagnosed in this patient, and treated by Torkildsen's operation with proper chemotherapy and resulted in good recovery. We experienced that ventriculitis initiated from meningitis might give rise to obstruction of the aqueduct of Sylvius and it could be considered as a brain abscess superimposed raised intracranial pressure from obstructive hydrocephalus.

A Case of Pyogenic Ventriculitis Complicating Obstruction of Aqueduct of Sylvius

A rare case of ventriculitis associated with the obstruction of aqueduct of Sylvius is reported and the pertinent literature reviewed. A 24 years old male, who had been suffering from a longstanding chronic pyogenic ear disease since childhood, was admitted to our clinic in Dec. 1973 with a comatose state. Contrast radiology showed the obstructive hydrocephalus with the occluded aqueduct of Sylvius, but neither intracerebral or intracerebellar space consuming mass presented. Cerebrospinal and ventricular fluid revealed a marked growth of Escherichia Coli. So ventriculitis complicating obstruction of the aqueduct of Sylvius due to chronic suppurative otitis media and mastoiditis was diagnosed in this patient, and treated by Torkildsen's operation with proper chemotherapy and resulted in good recovery. We experienced that ventriculitis initiated from meningitis might give rise to obstruction of the aqueduct of Sylvius and it could be considered as a brain abscess superimposed raised intracranial pressure from obstructive hydrocephalus.