Estilos de vida y factores de riesgo cardiovascular en personas de 30 a 65 años de edad / Life styles and cardiovascular risk factors in people between 30 to 65 years

Resumen:

Introducción: los estilos de vida son patrones de comportamiento determinados por la interacción entre las características personales individuales, interacciones sociales y condiciones socioeconómicas y ambientales. Su efecto es decisivo en la salud de los individuos.

Objetivo: determinar la relación entre los estilos de vida y los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en personas de 30 a 65 de edad, residentes de Miahuatlán de Porfirio Díaz, Oaxaca.

Metodología: se llevó a cabo un estudio correlacional en el que partir de un muestreo discrecional se seleccionaron 301 personas de uno u otro sexo. Con una cédula diseñada ex profeso se identificaron los factores de riesgo cardiovascular y con el instrumento Perfil de Estilo de Vida, el concepto de estilos de vida.

Resultados: la edad promedio del grupo estudiado fue de 46 años y como factores de riesgo cardiovascular se encontró el sobrepeso (52 %) y la obesidad (26 %); 72 % presentaba presión arterial normal y 38 %, glucemia capilar > 110 mg/dL. Se obtuvo una correlación positiva entre los estilos de vida, la presión arterial (rho = 0.145, p = 0.01) y el hábito de fumar tabaco (rho = 0.132, p = 0.02). Conclusiones: los estilos de vida se correlacionaron con la presión arterial y el hábito de fumar, aun cuando 95 % de los participantes no fumaba. No se encontró correlación entre los estilos de vida e hipercolesterolemia, hipertrigliceridemia, glucemia e índice de masa corporal. Se correlacionó riesgo alto con sobrepeso, obesidad y nivel alto de triglicéridos.

Abstract:

Introduction: Lifestyles are patterns of behavior individual determined by the interaction between personal characteristics, social interactions, and socioeconomic and environmental conditions. Its effect is critical in the health of individuals.

Objective: to determine the relationship between lifestyles and the cardiovascular risk factors in persons 30 to 65 of age, residents of Miahuatlán de Porfirio Díaz, Oaxaca.

Methodology: Held a correlational study in which starting from a discretionary sampling 301 people of both sex were selected. With a card designed expressly, cardiovascular risk factors were identified and the concept of lifestyles was identified with the instrument Profile of Style of Life. Results: The average age of the group studied was 46 years and as cardiovascular risk factors encountered the overweight (52 %) and obesity (26 %); 72 % had normal blood pressure and 38 %, capillary blood glucose >110 mg/dL. A positive correlation between lifestyles, blood pressure (rho = 0.145, p = 0.01) and smoking tobacco was obtained (rho = 0.132, p = 0.02).

Conclusions: Lifestyles were correlated with blood pressure and smoking, even if 95% of the participants were not smoking. No correlation was found between the styles of life and hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, blood glucose and body mass index. High risk was correlated with overweight and obesity and high triglyceride level.

Anti-Iipase and antioxidant properties of 30 medicinal plants used in Oaxaca, México

We report the results of in vitro anti-lipase and antioxidant assays using crude ethanolic extracts from 30 plants grown in Oaxaca, México. Anti-lipase tests were performed by using porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL) [EC 3.1.1.3] from Affymetrix/USB. The extracts of Solanum erianthum, Salvia microphylla, Brungmansia suaveolens and Cuphea aequipetala showed up to 60% PPL inhibition. The effect of these extracts on the kinetic parameters of PPL (Km= 0.36 mM, and Vmax=0.085 mM min -1) revealed that the alcoholic preparations of S. erianthum and C. aequipetala engendered a non-competitive inhibition (Vmax=0.055 mM min -1; Vmax= 0.053 mM min -1), whereas those of S. microphylla and B. suaveolens produced a mixed inhibition (Km= 0.567 mM, Vmax=0.051 mM min _1; Km=0.643 mM, Vmax= 0.042 mM min ¹). In addition to these findings, seven extracts from different plants were able to inhibit PPL in the range of 30-50%. Antioxidant tests against 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) confirmed that Arctostaphylos pungens, Gnaphalium roseum, Crotalaria pumila, Cuphea aequipetala, Rhus chondroloma, and Satureja laevigata possess relevant antioxidant activity (IC(5)0=50-80 μg mL¹). The general composition of the most effective ethanolic extracts was obtained in order to confirm their known chemistry reported by previous works. Comprehensive chemical analysis of the ethanolic extracts and their poisoning effects suggests that S. microphylla, C. aequipetala and A. pungens could be considered as the best sources with both desired properties.