RESUMO
En la Ciudad de General Roca se ha informado un aumento en la frecuencia de diarreas agudas durante los meses cálidos, cuyas causas aún no son conocidas. En este sentido se propuso evaluar la prevalencia de bacterias enteropatógenas de individuos con síndrome diarreico agudo y georreferenciar los casos (Programa ArcMap con Datum en Campo Inchauspey WGS84). Entre agosto 2011 y junio 2012 se procesaron 616 muestras. Los casos fueron georreferenciados según los tanques de abastecimiento de agua potable en la ciudad (tanque de almacenamiento zona alta, tanque de almacenamiento zona baja y tanque de almacenamiento JJ Gómez; todos abastecidos con acueductos provenientes del Río Negro, mientras que en época estival el tanque zona alta utiliza también el canal de riego). En 172/616 muestras (28%) fueron caracterizadas las bacterias enteropatógenas que correspondieron: 29/172 (17%) a Salmonella spp., 12/172 (7%) a Campylobacter spp., 7 /172 (4%) a Escherichia coli y 124/172 (72%) a Shigella spp. (x2 67,16 p < 0,0001; Odds ratio 6,7; IC 95% =4-10,7). De los serogrupos de Shigella spp. correspondieron 122/124 (98,4%) a Shigella flexneri y 2/124 (1,6%) a Shigella sonnei. La caracterización de los serotipos de Shigella flexneri correspondió 2/122 (1,6%) a Shigella flexneri serotipo 1, 5/122 (4,1%) a Shigella flexneri serotipo 2, 14/122 (11,5%) a Shigella flexneri AA479, 9/122 (7,4%) a Shigella flexneri sin serotipificar y finalmente 92/122 (75,4%) a Shigella flexneri serotipo 3 (x2 63,02 p < 0,0001; Odds ratio 10,4; IC 95%= 5,3-17). Shigella flexneri serotipo 3 se aisló con mayor frecuencia en los menores de 5 años (p=0,0007) respecto a los otros intervalos etarios.
A growing number of acute diarrheas have been reported in the City of General Roca during the summer months, and the causes are still unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of enteropathogenic bacteria from individuals with acute diarrheic syndrome and georeference the cases (Programme ArcMap with Datum in Inchauspe y WGS84 Field). From August 2011 to June 2012, 616 samples were processed. The cases were georeferenced according to the drinking water storage tanks in the city (high region storage tank, low region storage tank and JJ Gómez storage tank; all supplied by aqueducts from the Río Negro River, and the high region tank also supplied by the irrigation channels during the summer period). The enteropathogenic bacteria were found in 172/616 samples (28%) which corresponded: 29/172 (17%) to Salmonella spp., 12/172 (7%) to Campylobacter spp., 7 /172 (4%) to Escherichia coli and 124/172 (72 %) to Shigella spp. (x2 67.16 p < 0.0001; Odds ratio 6.7; IC 95% = 4-10.7). From the serogroup of Shigella spp., 122/124 (98.4%) corresponded to Shigella flexneri and 2/124 (1.6%) to Shigella sonnei. The detection of Shigella flexneri serotypes corresponded 2/122 (1.6%) to Shigella flexneri serotype 1, 5/122 (4.1%) to Shigella flexneri serotype 2, 14/122 (11.5%) to Shigella flexneri AA479, 9/122 (7.4%) to Shigella flexneri without serotyping, and finally 92/122 (75.4%) to Shigella flexneri serotype 3 (x2 63.02 p < 0.0001; Odds ratio 10.4; IC 95%= 5.3-17). Shigella flexneri serotype 3 was isolated more often in children under 5 years old (p=0.0007), in relation to the other age groups.