A COVID-19 perspective of Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada disease

Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada (VKH) disease, a bilateral granulomatous panuveitis associated with multisystem involvement, is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disorder in which cytotoxic T-cell target melanocytes in genetically susceptible individuals. Recently, there has been an increase in literature on the new onset of uveitis and reactivation of previously diagnosed cases of uveitis following Covid-19 vaccinations. It has been postulated that Covid-19 vaccines can lead to an immunomodulatory change resulting in an autoimmune phenomenon in the recipients. VKH following COVID-19 infection was reported in four patients and a total of 46 patients developing VKH or VKH-like disease following COVID-19 vaccinations. There are reports of four patients who had been recovering or recovered from VKH after receiving the first dosage of the vaccine and developed worsening of ocular inflammation after receiving the second dose of the vaccine.

Surgical management for treatment-resistant cases of inflammatory exudative retinal detachment: Mission impossible?

Purpose: To report the outcome of surgical intervention for inflammatory, exudative retinal detachment (ERD). Methods: A retrospective analysis of eyes with ERD that underwent vitrectomy. Results: Twelve eyes (10 patients) with ERD, non?responsive to medical therapy, underwent vitrectomy. The mean age was 35.7 ± 17.7 years. Five eyes (42%) had Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada disease, three (25%) had presumed tuberculosis (TB), two (17%) pars planitis, and one (8%) had sympathetic ophthalmia. The mean time of vitrectomy was 6.76 ± 4.1 months after onset. Six (50%) eyes had a recurrence, two settled with medical treatment, and four underwent re?surgery. The mean follow?up was 2.7 years. At the last visit, 10 (83.3%) eyes had attached retina; the best?corrected visual acuity (BCVA) had reduced to 1.6 ± 0.7 logarithms of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) from 1.3 ± 0.7 at baseline. Conclusion: Vitrectomy in ERD can act as an adjuvant to conventional medical therapy and help maintain structural integrity. Early vitrectomy may help preserve visual function.

Visual outcome in pediatric uveitis: A retrospective data review in 277 children

Purpose: The research activity in pediatric glaucoma (PG) was qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated using a scientometric approach. Methods: The “Web of Science” database was accessed for primary bibliometric data regarding PG using search terms “pediatric glaucoma,” “paediatric glaucoma,” “congenital glaucoma,” and “childhood glaucoma.” The data was analyzed for total research productivity, citations, and scientific output in terms of journals, countries, institutions, and authors. The results were further characterized for coauthorship links and visualized by VOS viewer software. Also, the top 25 cited articles were reviewed with the above bibliometric characteristics. Results: One thousand two hundred and sixty?nine items were obtained from our search query from 1955 to 2022; these received 15,485 citations, originated from 78 countries. The top?3 contributing countries were the United States of America (n = 369), India (n = 134), and China (n = 127). LV Prasad Eye Institute (n = 58), Duke University (n = 44), and King Khalid Eye Specialist Hospital (n = 42) were the top?3 productive institutes. The top?3 prolific authors were Mandal AK (n = 53), Freedman, SF (n = 36), and Sarfarazi, M (n = 33). Journal wise, “Investigative Ophthalmology” (n = 187), “Journal of Glaucoma” (n = 92), and “Journal of AAPOS” (n = 68) were the journals in which the most articles were published. The top?25 cited documents received 3564 citations and were published between 1977 and 2016. The key areas of interest were basic sciences (genetics of childhood glaucoma) and surgical management. Conclusion: United States of America, LVPEI, Mandal AK, and “Investigative Ophthalmology” were the top rankers as far as the productivity and publications related to PG are concerned. Articles on molecular genetics in PG have received interest among the ophthalmology community.

Retinal venous occlusion in a child following Corbevax COVID-19 vaccination

A 13-year-old boy developed painless diminution of vision in left eye 15 days after taking first dose of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine (Corbevax). Fundus and fluorescein angiography revealed central retinal vein occlusion in the left eye. Blood investigations were noncontributory. He was administered three doses of pulse corticosteroids followed by a tapering dose of oral corticosteroids. Retinal vascular occlusion can occur following COVID-19 vaccination in children, and early and aggressive systemic anti-inflammatory therapy can be helpful.

Retinal venous occlusion following COVID-19 vaccination: Report of a case after third dose and review of the literature

A 28?year?old, healthy male presented with blurring of vision in the right eye following third dose of the AstraZeneca/ COVISHIELD vaccine. Further examination revealed ischemic central retinal vein occlusion, and subsequent laboratory investigations were inconclusive for his eye disease. He responded to pulse corticosteroid and tapering doses of oral corticosteroids without requiring any intra?vitreal injection. Twelve articles were identified with the help of a PubMed literature search, and a short review of these patients was performed. Retinal vein occlusion can occur because of inflammation?induced thrombosis after coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination and may respond to anti?inflammatory therapy