effect of rhythmic aerobic exercise and green tea supplementation on visfatin levels and metabolic risk factors in obese diabetic women

Background: Visfatin is protein with insulin-like function that is expressed in high levels in visceral fat tissue and its circulating levels is associated with obesity and diabetes

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of 10 weeks of rhythmic aerobic exercise and green tea supplementation on visfatin levels and insulin resistance in obese type II diabetic women

Methods: 46 obese diabetic women [BMI>30] 45 -60 years old were selected and randomly assigned into four groups of green tea [n=12], aerobics + green tea [n=12], aerobics [n=12] and control [n=10] groups. Subjects in green tea supplementation group received 1500 mg capsules containing green tea extract daily for 10 weeks. Also exercises were performed three sessions a week in a ten week period. The analysis of variance with Tukey test and dependent t-test were used to within and between groups analysis

Results: The results showed that visfatin have significant difference between groups [P=0.001] however, there was no significant difference between interventions. Also, there was no significant differences between interventions for HOMA, insulin and glucose

Conclusion: Although there are no significant differences between interventions, significant reduction of visfatin after aerobic exercise and consumption of green tea may be due to improvements in glycemic index and weight loss and the HOMA index. Therefore, it seems that supplementation with green tea along with aerobic exercise may influence weight control and improved glycemic index in type II diabetic patients

Effect of 8 weeks resistance training on sphingosine-1-phosphate level and gene expression of SK1 enzyme, isoforms of MHCs in skeletal muscles of male Wistar Rats

Sphingosine-1-phosphate [S1P] is involved in regulation of proliferation, differentiation, hypertrophy and anti-apoptosis and activation of satellite cells. This study was done to evaluated the effect of 8 weeks resistance training on sphingosine-1-phosphate level and gene expression of SK1 enzyme, isoforms of MHCs in skeletal muscles of male Wistar rats. This experimental study was done on Twenty four 8-week-old 190-250 gr male Wistar rats. The rats were allocated randomly into control [N=12] and training [N=12] groups. Resistance training was done using a 1 meter height ladder with 2 cm grid with an 85 degree incline, and weights attached to rat's tails. The content of S1P present in the chloroform layer was determined by means of high performance liquid chromatography [HPLC]. Determination of relative mRNA expression was performed by Real-time PCR. Data were analyzed using SPSS-17, Kolmogorov-Smirnov and independent t-test. Resistance exercise training increased the total content of S1P in FHL [fast-twitch] and soleus [slow-twitch] muscles in comparison with control group [P<0.05]. Resistance exercise training changed the gene expression of FHL SK1, SOL SK1, FHL MHC I, Sol MHC I, FHL MHC IIa, Sol MHC IIa, FHL MHC IIb, Sol MHC IIb, FHL MHC IIx, Sol MHC IIx in comparison with control group [P<0.05]. This study showed that S1P level and gene expression of SK1, MHCs increased at skeletal muscles after training

[ effect of resistance training on plasma and skeletal muscles sphingosine-1-phosphate levels of male Wistar rat]

Sphingosine 1-phosphate [S1P] is a bioactive platelet-derived sphingolipid that is involved in regulation of proliferation, differentiation, hypertrophy and anti-apoptosis of cells and activation of satellite cells. The purpose of present study was to examine the effect of resistance training on S1P levels of plasma and skeletal muscles in male Wistar rats. Twenty four 8-week-old male Wistar rats were used in this study. The initial body weight of rats was 190 to 250 gr. All animals were maintained in pairs in an environmentally controlled room at 22°C, 12:12-h photoperiod cycle and allowed normal cage activity. The animals were fed standard rat chow and water ad libitum. After a week of acclimation to the animal facility, the rats were assigned randomly to a control [N=12] or training [N=12] group. Resistance training was done using a 1 meter height ladder with 2 cm grid with an 85 degree incline, and weights attached to rat's tails. The content of sphingosine-1- phosphate [S1P] present in the chloroform layer was determined by means of high performance liquid chromatography [HPLC]. Resistance exercise training increased the total content of S1P in FHL [fast-twitch] [P=0.003] and soleus [slow-twitch] [P=0.008] muscles and plasma [P=0.001] in comparison with control group. It is concluded that resistance exercise training strongly affects the S1P content in fast and slow twitch muscles and plasma

[Comparison of the effects of creatine monohydrate, sodium bicarbonate and their combined administration on anerobic performance and blood lactate level in wrestlers]

Creatine and sodium bicarbonate are energizer supplements used by sportsmen to reduce fatigue and increase power output in sprints - short, strenous excecises - such as rapid running and explosive movements.The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of creatine monohydrate, sodium bicarbonate and their combined administration on anerobic performance and blood lactate level in wrestlers. A group of 24 national Iranian junior male wrestlers with a mean age, height, weight and body mass index [BMI] of 17.7 +/- 4.76 years, 179.6 +/- 7.39cm, 1 +/- 9.94 kg and 23.17+1.92 kg/m[2], respectively, participated in this study. They all took a placebo for 2 days [20 g maltodextrin/day] and then completed six 10-second Wingate sprints, with a 60-second active rest between each 2. After a lapse of 10 days, the subjects were randomly assigned, on the basis of base power and body weight, to a creatine [Cr; 20g creatine/day], sodium bicarbonate [Sb; 0.065 g/kg sodium bicarbonate/day] or creatine-plus-sodium bicarbonate [Cr + Sb; 5g Cr + 0.065 g/kg sodium bicarbonate/day] supplement, using a double-blind design. They took the supplements and the placebo 4 times daily at 9 AM, noon [12'oclock], 6 PM and 10 PM and drank large amounts of water. In the next phase of the study, 2 days after taking the supplements/placebo, the Wingate tests [six 10-second tests] were repeated and relative peak powers [PP], relative mean power [MP] and fatigue index [FI] were assessed. Blood lactate was measured in a hand-finger blood sample before, immediately and 3 minutes after the last Wingate sprint. The data were analyzed, the statistical tests being repeated measures, t-test and ANOVA. An alpha of p

[ comparison of the effects of carbohydrate and carbohydrate-protein supplements on heat shock protein 72[HSP72] during intermittent soccer activities]

The main purpose of this study was to compare the effects of Carbohydrate and Carbohydrate-Protein supplements on heat shock protein 72[HSP72] during intermittent soccer activities. 24 soccer players of super clubs were selected and divided into 3 groups of carbohydrate [CHO], carbohydrate-protein [CHO-PRO] and placebo [P]. Intermittent activities included 24 trials of modified Ekblom tests or soccer simulation activities. Subjects ingested drinks before, during and 1 hour after intermittent activities. Blood samples were collected before [baseline], immediately, 1 hour and 24 hours after simulated intermittent activities. HSP72 levels, Insulin and blood Glucose counts, were measured using Elisa Kit. The results showed significant differences in HSP72 levels, Insulin and blood Glucose levels, immediately and 1 hour after intermittent activities of CHO and CHO-PRO groups compared to placebo group [p