[The effect of audio-visual distraction by music on hemodynamic parameters in patient undergoing bronchoscopy]

Background and Aim: bronchoscopy is a stressful procedure. Increased anxiety raises oxygen demand during bronchoscopy and affects cardiac output and blood pressure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of distraction by audiovisual folk music on hemodynamic parameters in patients undergoing bronchoscopy

Materials and Methods: this randomized clinical trial was performed in Imam Ali Hospital in Zahedan. We used convenience sampling method for three-month from July to September 2015 and sixty patients who had been scheduled for bronchoscopy were randomly divided into control [n= 30] and experimental [n = 30] groups. Demographic information forms and hemodynamic parameters record chart were used for data collection. During bronchoscopy, every patient listened to an audiovisual folk music which had been selected by himself. The control group received routine care. Using SPSS software version 21, data were analyzed by chi-square [X[2]], independent t-test, paired t-test and repeated measures analysis of variance

Results: the results showed that two groups had statistically significant difference in relation to hemodynamic parameters during and after intervention [p=0.0001]. The pattern of decline was not similar in both groups. Distraction by audiovisual folk music led to decreased heart rate and blood pressure, and also increased oxygen saturation in the experimental group

Conclusion: audiovisual folk music selected by every patient, during bronchoscopy resulted in the improvement of the hemodynamic parameters. Therefore, use of this method is recommended during invasive diagnostic and treatment procedure especially bronchoscopy

[Relationship between critical thinking and interpersonal communication skills in nursing students of Azad university Tehran medical branch]

Introduction: Critical thinking is an essential part of nursing education. Having Interpersonal communication skills is a vital characteristic of nurses with critical thinking. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between critical thinking and interpersonal communication in nursing students of Azad University Tehran medical Branch in 2013

Method: This was a descriptive correlational study. 300 nursing students of Azad University Tehran medical Branch took part in the study. Data collection tools include demographic specifications and standard questionnaires "California critical thinking and inter-personal communicative skills". For statistical analysis, descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used after entering data into SPSS v.17

Results: Most of the students [%71] had a great tendency to unstable critical thinking with very weak inter-personal communications skills [%52]. There was a significant relationship between critical thinking and interpersonal communications skills. [r=0.62, P=0.0001]

Conclusion: University students with good inter-personal communication skills had better critical thinking. Those with negative inter-personal communication skills had weaker inter-personal communication skills. Therefore, in theory and practice, nursing educators and managers are recommended to have more focus on the interpersonal communication skills of nursing students

[Mental health status of nursing staff]

Mental health disorders are common problems among helping professionals such as nurses that create many psychosocial problems. This study aims to determine the mental health status of nursing staff. it was a descriptive, cross-sectional study .All of nursing personnel [n=92] in Fateme Zahra hospital in Najafabad city were recruited by census .Data was collected by The Symptom Checklist-90-R [SCL-90] and analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA using SPSS-PC [v. 11.5]. The finding showed that%81.1 of nurses was healthy and 18.9% of them were exposed to mental disorders .The most prevalent disorders were: 7.3% somatic disorders, 5.8% paranoid thoughts and%5 anxieties. According to the findings, more attention should be paid to mental health of nursing staff to improve quality care and to retain nurses

Nasal carriage rate of community- and hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in children, Kermanshah, Iran

Background: Staphylococcus aureus [S.aureus] is an importantpathogen in human infections.Some strains of S. aureusare methicillin-resistant [MRSA] andcause hospital- and community-acquired infections in children. The aims of this study were to determine nasalcarriage rate of S. aureus and susceptibility pattern of this organism to some antibioticsamong children in Kermanshah province, Iran. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Kermanshah province, Iranfrom 2007 to 2008.Nasal swabs were obtained from 274 children who were hospitalized in our university hospital at the time of admission and 219 children upon dischargetime.If result of nasal culture was positive at admission time they considered community acquired and if result at admission time was negative but positive at discharge time they considered hospital acquired. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of S.aureuswere done by disk diffusion method and results were compared between them. Results: In 55 patients out of 274 cases [20.07%], S. aureus was demonstrated upon admission [community-acquired]. In the remaining 219 cases, S. aureus was detected in 46 cases [21%] at discharge time [hospital-acquired]. The rate of methicillin-resistant S. aureus [MRSA] in community- and hospital-acquired infections were 96.4% and 95.7%, respectively.We observed no statistical significance different in antibiotic resistance pattern between community acquired and hospital – acquired S.aureus except for co-triomoxcazol [P=0.034]. Conclusion: A high rate of MRSA in both community- and hospital-acquired infections were observed

[ effect of "constraint induced movement therapy" on velocity and gait kinetics in hemiparetic patients]

Balance and gait disorders are common motor complications after stroke. Studies have revealed that conventional physiotherapy cannot manage these disorders efficiently; so more studies addressing the causes of these complications and presenting efficient treatment protocols are crucial. Thirty hemiparetic patients [age range 40-60 years old] participated in this experimental study. Patients were randomly divided in to 2 groups. One group received Constraint Induced Movement Therapy [CIMT] [group1] and the other Mass Practice [group 2] for 3 weeks. Experimental assessments included stride velocity and kinetic parameters of gait [amplitude and velocity of center of pressure sways of paretic and non-paretic limbs in sagittal and frontal planes] that were recorded and compared before and after treatment. For statistical analysis of data, if distribution of data was normal, parametric tests of t and pair t-tests were used. If distribution of data was not normal, non parametric tests of Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney were used. SPSS V.11.5 was also used for data analysis. In both groups, stride velocity increased [p=0.03, p=0.01]. In CIMT group, COP sway for paretic and non-paretic limbs decreased in frontal plane [p=0.03, p=0.008]. COP sway velocity for paretic limb decreased in both planes [p=0.01, p=0.03]. For mass practice group, only COP sway amplitude for non-paretic limb decreased in sagittal plane [p=0.03]. Physical therapy based on "Constraint Induced Movement Therapy" can more efficiently manage dynamic balance gait disorders by overcoming "learned non-use" phenomena and improving somato-sensory deafferentation to central motor controllers

[Effect of reconstruction surgery on hamstring reflex in patients with anterior cruciate ligament tear in acute phase]

Anterior cruciate ligament [ACL] tear is one of the most common injuries at knee joint. This study was done to evalute the effect of reconstruction surgery on hamstring reflex in patients with ACL tear. In this Quasi- experimental study, 30 patients [16 males, 14 females] with ACL tear, with mean age of 26.52 +/- 8.72 years old were recruited during 2007. Patients were selected in a non probability sampling manner. The Kinsiological Electromyography and trauma mechanism were used for testing the hamstring reflex. Muscle activity were measured as a dependent variable. Data were analyzed with Paired T-Test, ICC, SEM and K-S tests. Hamstring reflex in affected knee and after reconstruction surgery was 73.25 +/- 3.22 and 47.35 +/- 3.85, respectively. This difference was significant [P<0.05]. Reconstruction surgery in patients with ACL tear at acute phase is effective in improvement of hamstring reflex

[Effects of garlic essential oil as an immunostimulant on hematological indices of juvenile beluga [huso huso]]

Beluga [Huso huso] is one of the most valuable species of sturgeons and many efforts have been made to artificially reproduce, culture and restore this precious species. The objective of this study was to find the effects of garlic essential oil as an immunostimulant on hematological indices and on the cellular immunity system of juvenile belugas. An experiment was organized in which six different diets were fed to belugas including: diet without garlic essential oil and antibiotic, diet with oxytetracycline antibiotic [30 mg/kg], and four diets with various amounts of garlic essential oil [0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20 g/kg]. Beluga juveniles with an average weight of 24 +/- 2 g were fed these diets for 56 days. At the end of the experiment, hematological indices were determined. The blood coagulation time and mean corpuscular hemoglobin [MCH] indices increased in the groups treated with garlic essential oil. Significant increases in lymphocyte counts were observed in groups fed 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15 g/kg garlic essential oil as compared with the antibiotic and control groups. A significant decrease in the blood neutrophil count was observed in the belugas fed 0.15 and 0.20 g/kg garlic essential oil compared with the other treatments. In conclusion, these results showed that adding garlic essential oil increases the blood coagulation time, the hemoglobin content of red blood cells, lymphocyte numbers, and decreases eosinophils. Significant improvements of the immune system and of the physiological condition were observed in juvenile belugas receiving garlic essential oil compared with the control and the antibiotic treatments. It can therefore be used as a suitable replacement for oxytetracycline in the diet of juvenile belugas

[ effect of Sweden massage on hypertension]

One of the most important current health problems is hypertension. Many hypertensive patients die or become disabled every -year due to the complications of this disease. The first step in the treatment of this disease is lifestyle modification. Sweden massage as a kind of alternative medicine is a method for changing lifestyle. This study aimed to assess the effect of Sweden massage on blood pressure of hypertensive patients. In this semi-experimental study 30 individuals [15 males and 15 females] in the age range of 45-55 years were chosen with simple sampling method. Half an hour Sweden massage was performed in the mornings for back [17 minutes], neck [6 minutes], and chest [7 minutes] and blood pressure was measured and registered before and after the massage. The results showed that Sweden massage reduced the systolic and diastolic blood pressures of study subjects in each session [p<0.0001]. This study recommends using Sweden massage as a non-medical method of treatment in hypertensive patients without any adverse effect

Comparison of electromyographic responses of superficial neck muscles in patients with chronic neck pain and healthy subjects during posterior - anterior perturbation

Several studies have reported significant disturbances in vertical posture during various standing and walking conditions, but there is little evidence about the behavior of related muscles in dynamic conditions such as external perturbation, so this study was done to investigate and to compare the delay in response of upper trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles as two superficial muscles in the neck area, in posterior-anterior perturbation among patients with chronic neck pain and healthy subjects. This study was a case-control study with simple nonprobable sampling. 32 subjects [16 healthy subjects and 16 patients with chronic neck pain] participated the study. Data collection was done using questionnaire and test performance. The equipments included dynamometer, chronometer and surface kinesiology electromyography. Dropping the weight equal to 10% of total body weight, performed using electrical magnet, followed by pulling of the trunk inducing perturbation was performed. There were significant statistical differences in response onset of upper trapezius [p=0.032] and sternocleidomastoid [p=0.012] muscles between two groups. This meant the response onset in patients was longer than healthy subjects. Pain can change the onset of response of trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles and possibly decrease muscle activity in deep muscles and change the pattern of muscle activation and possibly it can increase the risk of injury in patients with chronic neck pain

[Efficacy of thought aversion technique onpain severity of patients with acute abdomen]

Applying pain reduction techniques is an essential right for all patients. The present study was conducted to determine the efficacy of thought aversion technique on pain severity of patients with acute abdomen. For this clinical trial, 50 patients admitted to the surgical unit of hospitals affiliated to Mashad University of Medical Sciences were consecutively selected. Initial data were gathered by a questionnaire. Totally, 62% of patients had experienced severe pain before our intervention, of whom, 58% described moderate pain following the thought aversion technique. The mean pain score was reduced from 7.88 to 4.38 following the intervention. Patients admitted for herniorraphy took benefit much more than the other groups [mean 4.14 +/- 0.90], however, this technique was not associated with satisfactory out come in patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Thought aversion technique is associated with satisfactory results in pain reduction of patients undergoing surgery

Effect of Inferapatellar and Cho-pat straps on knee strength and ROM in patients with anterior knee pain syndrome

Anterior knee pain syndrome is one of the most common problem in knee. Prevalence of this problem on orthopedic center is almost 23-31%. This syndrome happens in athletes, teenagers and specially in females. Trauma, malalignment maltracking of patella and degenerative joint disease or a combination of mentioned disorders seems to be the main cause of the syndrome. The perpose of this study was to identify and compare effects of infera- patella and cho-pat straps on knee strenghs and Rom. 30 patients with Ant pain synd. were evaluated and devided into two groups. Cho-pat strap applied to the first group and infrapottellar strap to the second. Knee extension strength and ROM was evaluated in 3 stages. 1] Before applying the strap 2] Immediately after applying the strap 3] 2week after applying the strap. Dynamometer, goniometer and visual analague scale were used to measare the strengh, Rom and pain respectivly. knee ext. strength increased significantly in the second and third stages of the test for both groups [P<0.05] howerer, there was a decrase in pain and ROM [P<0.05]. In the cho- pat strap group ROM decreased mor than infrapatellar group [P<0.05]. According to our finding reduction of knee pain induce to increasing of knee strength. In addition decreasing of pain results in control of knee ROM and decrease pressure on articular surfaces of patellofemoral joint

Comparison between iranian and german sach foot by gait analyzer and dynamometer

Due to high percentage of lower Limb amputations specially traumatic transtibial sections, the application of foot in below knee prosthesis in highly important are of these foots which are used commonly by prosthetics is SACH foot. The aim of this research is to compare the functional moment and physics of two SACH foot made by Iran and Germany which have the same Strictures. The study was Performed on 14 male individuals with below knee amputation [25 - 50 years old]. After second references of each patient and completing a questionnaire necessary information gathered and recorded by associated instruments such as Gait Analyzer and Dynamometer. Then results were analyzed by paired t-test. It was revealed that velocity of ankle, knee and hip joints in all cases with German prosthesis is highly more than Iranian type. Acceleration of hip joint in first and second part of time in German prosthesis was more but it was not in the third part. Acceleration of knee joint in German type is more only in the second part of movement time. Power distribution in anterior part of German type is significantly less than Iranian rival. The result of this study shows that German prosthesis is superior in forms of power, velocity of acceleration measured by gait analyzer and dynamometry

prevalence of iron-defciency anemia in the pregnant women referring to health centers in Zahedan

Nowadays, anemia is one of the most common but forgotten nutritional deficiencies in the world. More than half of pregnant women and one third of non-pregnant women of fertile age are suffering from anemia. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia in the pregnant women referring to Health Centers in Zahedan. In this descriptive study, 287 pregnant women who were at the 9th month of pregnancy and referred to 5 Health Centers in Zahedan participated in the study. Data was gathered by a 17-item questionnaire including demographic data and related information on pregnancy. To determine hemoglobin [Hb] and ferritin, a blood sample was taken form the subjects too. In order to examine the relationship among variables, X[2] and correlational tests were used. An alpha level of <0.05 was considered significant. The results showed that 12.9% of the subjects had iron deficiency anemia with Hb values under 10.5 g/dl and 42.2% of them had iron deficiency amenia with ferritin values under 12 mg/L. There was a significant statistical relationship between ferritin levels and iron consumption during pregnancy [p<0.001]. Considering the high prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia in this research, that will gives rise to LBW newborns, premature labors, fetal demise, post partum hemorrhage and fetal distress, it is necessary to offer unremitting and subtle care during pregnancy, teach pregnant women on the subject and provide sufficient micro nutrients to them