Electrolytes disturbance and cyclosporine blood levels among kidney transplant recipients

Kidney transplantation is associated with various biochemical abnormalities such as changes in serum blood level of sodium [Na], potassium [K], calcium [Ca], and phosphorous [P]. Although cy-closporine [CsA] is used commonly the prevalence of its side effects, including electrolytes disturbance, is not well understood. To find the prevalence of electrolytes disturbance and its relation to CsA blood levels. In a retrospective study 3308 kidney transplant recipients transplanted between 2008 and 2011 were studied. We evaluated the relation between serum Ca, P, Na, K and CsA trough [C[0]] and 2-hour post-dose [C[2]] levels. The meantSD age of recipients was 37 +/- 15 years; 63% of patients were male. Overall, C2 levels had correlation with Ca blood level [p=0.018; OR: 1.13, 95%CI: 1.02-1.25], CQ levels had also correlation with blood levels of P and Cr [p<0.001; OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.59-2.11]. Electrolyte disturbances are prevalent. Higher serum levels of CsA can worsen the allograft function by disturbing the serum P and Ca levels

impact of hepatitis b infection on outcome of kidney transplantation: a long-term study

With the success of kidney transplantation, liver disease has emerged as an important cause of morbidity and mortality in kidney recipients. To determine the impact of hepatitis B virus [HBV] infection on patients and graft survival in both short- and long-terms. 99 renal transplant patients infected with HBV on follow-up in two major transplant centers were included in a retrospective study. These patients were grafted between 1986 and 2005 and divided into two groups: [1] those only positive for hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg] and [2] those who were also positive for hepatitis C virus antibodies [HCV Ab]. There were 88 patients with HBsAg[+] and 11 with both HBsAg[+] and HCV Ab[+]. The mean +/- SD age of patients was 38.8 +/- 13.2 years, and the median follow-up after transplantation was 19 months. Although not significant, the allograft survival rate in the first group [HBV[+] was better compared to that in the second group [HBV[+] and HCV[+]; 1, 5 and 10 years graft survival rates were 91, 77 and 62 in the first group and 70, 56 and 28 in the second group, respectively [P=0.07]. The overall mortality was 5% [4 of 88] in the first and 27% [3 of 11] in the second group [P=0.02]. Renal allograft recipients with HBV and HCV infections has a poor survival rate compared to pa- tients with only HBV infection. However, there is no significant difference in terms of renal graft survival between the two groups

[Evaluation of drug-resistance pseudomonas and staphylococcal infections in admitted burned patients in Zareh hospital, Sari in 2003-2004]

Nosocomial infection is an important prognostic factor in out comes of burned patients. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 82 burned patients and related medical equipment were assessed in zareh hospital in 2033-2004. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus areus were found in 69[51.4%] and 31 [23.2%] of 134 clinical specimens respectively. Hence it is mandatory to plan programs for redusing harmful and resistance bacterial infection in this patients

[Frequency of helicobacter pylori among patients with diabetes mellitus]

It is believed that diabetes mellitus [DM] increase the susceptibility to Helicobacter Pylori [HP] infection, but there is little information about the role of DM in being infected patients with HP. We studied the frequency of HP in diabetic patients referred to Taleghani hospital during 2003-2004. In this case-control study, frequency of HP in diabetic patients referred to Taleghani hospital was studied. Case group consisted of 84 patients with documented diabetes mellitus and control group included dyspeptic patients without DM who were been matched to the case group. Both case and control groups underwent endoscopy. Patients who had history of using antibiotics during the previous month or proton pump inhibitors during the past week were excluded. Urease test was performed in all patients. In negative unease test, biopsy was taken to evaluate histological study of HP. Mean age of case and control groups were 47.5+/-10.2 and 47.6+/-10 years, respectively. In both groups, male to female ratio was 46 to 36. Nineteen patients [22.6%] have diabetes type1 and others [77.4%] have diabetes type 2. Frequency of HP in case and control groups were 47 [51.1%] and 45 [48.9%], respectively and there was no significant differences between two groups. Odds ratio for being infected with HP in diabetic patients was 0.95 [95%CI: 0.7- 1.3]. This study didn't demonstrate any relation between DM and HP in adult patients. So, high frequency of dyspepsia in diabetic patients can be attributed to other factors such as autonomal disorders