RESUMO
The purpose of this study is to describe the histological and histochemical features of digestive tract in two aquarium fishes with different types of feeding habits which are omnivorous [Walking catfish] and carnivorous [piranha], respectively. Five adult Walking catfish [L: 26.4 +/- 3.4 cm, W: 265 +/- 55 g] and five adult piranha [L: 23.6 +/- 4.5 cm, W: 247 +/- 50 g] were used for this study. The fishes were killed by decapitation method and small pieces [0.5 cm x 0.5 cm] from the esophagus, cardiac, fundus and pyloric portions of the stomach, proximal, distal parts of intestine and pyloric caeca were fixed by immersion in Bouin's solution. The specimens were processed through routive paraffin embedding technique and cut at 5-7 micro m and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Van Gieson, Verhoof, Alcian blue, PAS, and AB+PAS technique for different microstructural and microfibrilar structures. The morphlogical and histochemical structures of all specimens were studied with a light microscope and micrographs were prepared. The esophagus of Walking catfish and piranha are found to have numerous deep longitudinal folds, stratified squamous epithelium with numerous mucous cells which react positively to PAS and AB stains. Taste buds and muscularis mucosa were not seen in the esophagus of both species. The muscularis mucosa was organized in longitudinal and circular layers of striated muscular fibers. The mucosa of the stomach was formed by simple columnar epithelium with folds and gastric pits formed by the invagination of the mucosal layer into the lamina propria. The surface of the intestine in Walking catfish and piranha has numerous folds lined by simple tall columnar cells, along with goblet cells which reacted positive to PAS and AB staining, so that goblet cells in the intestine of Walking catfish were significantly more than in piranha. The Caeca pyloric was found only in piranha and it showed an elongated fold lined with columnar cells and numerous mucous cells which reacted positively to PAS
RESUMO
Nowadays, human milk is a very important bioindex for biomonitoring of pollutants that its give much useful information about heavy metal concentrated in human body and amount of infant exposed with these pollutants. The aim of this study was to determine concentration of cadmium and zinc in the colostrums human milk from women living in the vicinity of a metal smelter and control area. In this research 63 numbers of human's milk Lenjan and 17 numbers of human's milk control area collected of this area hospitals four days after postpartum. The means of cadmium and zinc level in colostrums samples of Lenjan and control area region after four days after postpartum were 2.31, 0.772 micro g/l and 11.32, 5.568 mg/l, respectively. The estimate weekly intake of cadmium and daily intake zinc of breastfed infant in this study were in some case higher than provisional tolerance weekly intake [PTWI] recommended by FAO/WHO. The results of this study showed a significant mean difference in the average level of cadmium and zinc in breast milk of mothers of different groups living place of residence, but no significant differences in the different maternal age and weight groups were observed. Considering the parameters of the study questionnaire, the possibility that you can use rice Lenjan significantly increased zinc in breast milk has been