Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis: a case report

Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis [CRMO] is a rare inflammatory bone disease. It is a diagnosis of exclusion based on the clinical, radiological and pathological criteria. The awareness of the corresponding feature can help avoid of unnecessary diagnostic procedures and prolonged antibiotic therapy. We present a case of 4.5 year old girl, diagnosed with CRMO who were followed for 6 months as a case of chronic bacterial osteomyelitis and received long course of antibiotic therapy

[Evaluation of effects of cuminum cyminum and probiotic on staphylococcus aureus in feta cheese]

Cuminum cyminum is one of the Iranian traditional spices and it has antimicrobial effect on the pathogenic bacteria which are agents for some current food born intoxications. Probiotics have known as health and immune system booster. Evaluation of antimicrobial effect of mentioned plant essential oil in combination with lactobacillus acidophilus on Staphylococcus aureus in Feta cheese. The essential oil of this plant was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC/MS. Effects of different concentrations of this essential oil and lactobacillus acidophilus on Staphylococcus aureus were determined by evaluation of the microorganism growth on the selective media in laboratory, and these were took place in Feta cheese. Results indicated that 0.03 and 0.015 percent of this essential oil have had the highest inhibitory effect on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and when the mentioned concentrations of the essential oil were used in combination with lactobacillus acidophilus, the counts of the pathogen were decreased significantly bellow its toxic dose in this kind of food product. Results indicated that each one of mentioned concentrations of the essential oil and lactobacillus acidophilus, was significant. The synergistic impact between mentioned concentrations of the essential oil and lactobacillus acidophilus was significant. The antimicrobial effect of Cuminum cyminum in 0.03 percent was higher than its lesser concentrations and with concern to the control group, the synergistic effect between the probiotic and the essential oil is necessary to achieve this inhibitory effect

relationship between blood group type and visceral leishmaniasis in Iran

Visceral leishmaniasis [VL] or Kala-azar is still a common parasitic infection among children in Iran. This study was performed to investigate the relationship between blood group type and VL among Iranian patients. were enrolled. The bone marrow materials of 249 children who were clinically suspected for VL were provided from the posterior iliac spine by Jamshidi`s needle. LD bodies were identified in all cases and diagnosed as VL. The distribution of blood group type of all infected patients was compared with that of a control group of normal donors [2490]. There were 198 males and 51 females among VL patients. In both the VL and control groups, the maximum percentage was found in blood group O and minimum in blood group AB. Our results showed that the blood group was not a risk factor in the occurrence of VL. The ABO-Rh blood groups were not associated with the occurrence of VL in Iranian patients

Risk of seizure recurrence following a first unprovoked seizure in childhood

There is still a question whether first seizure leads to epilepsy. Several risk factors have been reported in this relation. This study was undertaken to determine the risk of recurrence after a first unprovoked seizure in children In a prospective study between December 2003 and December 2005, 156 children who presented with a first unprovoked seizure were enrolled and followed for at least 18 months. Potential predictors of recurrence were compared, using the Cox Proportional Hazard model in a univariable and multivariate analysis. Survival analysis was performed, using the Kaplan-Meire curves. Seventy two children [46.2%] experienced subsequent seizures. The cumulative risk of seizure recurrence was 28.8%, 41.7% and 46.2% at 6, 12, and 24 months following the first seizure, respectively. The median time for repeated seizure was 4 months while 62.5% of the recurrence occurred within 6 months, 88.9% within 1 year and 100% till the end of the second year. On multiple analysis, risk factors for resumption of seizure consisted of abnormal electroencephalography [EEG], seizure during sleep, abnormal brain imaging and history of perinatal problems. On univariable analysis, abnormal EEG, abnormal imaging [remote etiology of seizure], history of neonatal problems, previous febrile seizure, and family history of afebrile seizure increased the risk of recurrence. The study revealed that the risk of seizure recurrence in our patients was relatively high. Those who had abnormal electroencephalography, past history of prenatal problems, remote etiology for seizure, abnormal brain imaging, and seizure during sleep were at greater risk for recurrence of seizure

Spontaneous subdural empyema in malaria: a case study

Malaria is one of the most common diseases in tropical countries. In our country, malaria is endemic in some parts of south and east. Cerebral malaria is usually a diffuse symmetric encephalopathy with focal signs being unusual. We present a two-year old girl with fever and seizure while undergoing treatment for malaria. Imaging disclosed acute subdural empyema. Investigations revealed anemia, thrombocytopenia and positive peripheral blood smear for vivax malaria. Treatment involved surgical evacuation of the subdural empyema, oral chloroquin and antibiotics. This is the third case report of spontaneous subdural empyema in complicated malaria and highlights a rare but surgically manageable complication

Effects of common methods of bracing on pain in tennis elbow disorder

many routine activities of patients affected by tennis-elbow disorder is become hampered by pain in lower end of radius. One of the current therapies for this complaint is use of orthosis. Providing prompt function and quick reduction of pain is primary goal of counter-force orthoses. This study conducted to determine which kind of orthotic treatments relieved pain more efficient in patients suffering from tennis elbow [lateral epicondylitis] disorder. Fifty individuals diagnosed with lateral epicondylitis by a physician [20 men, 30 women; mean age =41 +/- 8 years] having symptoms for at least 3 weeks, were recruited from the community of tennis players The orthosis used were the Counter-Force Tennis Elbow Strap, the Counter-Force Elbow Sleeve, the Wrist Splint and a placebo orthosis that consisted of a modified Patella Strap. Pain is measured with Visual Analogue Scale [VAS] and then analyzed by eleventh version of SPSS software. Independent t-tests and pair t-test were used as statistical tests. No statistically significant differences in pain were observed in wrist splint situations [p>.05], however, counter force strap and sleeve situations, had a rightful effect on pain reduction [p<0/05]. When tests were completed on one occasion with the wrist splint, poor advantages of pain relief were detected. The pain was improved when we used the counter force sleeve and strap. Brace application as an effective treatment technique for an extended period of time should be addressed in future researches

[Oral mycotic flora and its association with dental caries in Babol dental students in 2005]

Candida albicans is colonized on different oral surfaces such as tongue, palate, dental caries and plaques. Different factors like age, sex, diet, dietary habits and oral hygiene play role in amount and severity of colonization of this microorganism. Our goal was to determine the relationship between the existence of Candida albicans in oral cavities and dental caries in students of dentistry. This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 121 students of Babol dental school without any history of systemic disease and use of antibiotics or streoidal drugs. After explaining study goals and getting informed consent, the students' demographic information and medical histories were recorded in data sheets. Then clinical examination for determination of DMFT and plaque index was done. Salivary PH was measured. Dental plaque samples were cultured. Data were analysed by SPSS 10.5 using Student t-test, Fisher's Exact test, Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-Square test. 63 [52.1%] students were male and 58 [47.9%] female. The mean age was 24.61 +/- 5.2 years. Candida culture was positive in 53 [43.8%] salivary and 51 [42.1%] plaque samples which in 50[94.3%] of salivary and 45 [88.3%] of plaque cultures was Candida Albicans. 44 students [36.4%] were caries free. The positive Candida cultures were more common in students with more dental caries, less than 7 restorations, oral PH<7, and moderate dental plaque [P<0.05]. It was also more common among smoker students. Presence of Candida Albicans in saliva and plaque samples had no relationship with sugar intake, number of brushing times and sex. Dental caries have significant relationship with existence of Candida Albicans in mouth, low salivary PH and smoking [P<0.05]. Candida Albicans is the most common type of Candida in oral cavity

[Sensitivity pattern of group a beta hemolytic streptococci isolated from patients with various streptococcal infections to penicillin and other commonly used antibiotics]

Background: Group A beta hemolytic streptococci [GABHS] is a potentially pathogenic bacteria which causes various infections among children and adults. For over 60 years, penicillin has been used as the drug of choice for treatment of infections caused by this bacterium. Yet, there is no published article on the resistance of this bacterium to penicillin. However, some species of this family such as enterococci are highly resistant to this antibiotic

Materials and Methods: In the present investigation, 125 isolates of GABHS isolated from patients with pharyngitis, sinusitis and burn infections were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity by standard methods of disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] tests using penicillin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, cephalothin, erythromycin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol

Results: All isolates of GABHS [100%] were sensitive to penicillin [MIC: 0.002- 0.032 microgr/ml] and vancomycin [MIC: 0.125-2 microgr/ml]. Other sensitivity rates included: cephalothin 97.6% [MIC: 0.01-8 microgr/ml], chloramphenicol 88.8% [MIC: 1-32 microgr/ml], erythromycin 87.2% [MIC: 0.032-64 microgr/ml], tetracycline 75.2% [MIC: 0.125-128 microgr/ml] and ciprofloxacin 92.8% [MIC: 0.125-4 microgr/ml]

Conclusion: Penicillin is still the drug of choice for treatment of GABHS infections. Patients allergic to penicillin are recommended to use erythromycin or other macrolides

Parental knowledge of bacterial endocarditis prophylaxis: a report from southern Iran

We determined the knowledge of parents of 200 pediatric patients for bacterial endocarditis prophylaxis [BEP], using an eight question survey pertaining to their knowledge of their child's cardiac disease, medications, and BEP. The patient's cardiac lesion and current medications were verified at the time of admission for diagnostic or interventional cardiac catheterization. Each patient's need for BEP was determined according to American Heart Association [AHA] recommendations. Eighty-one respondents [40-5%] were high school graduates. Only 12 parents [6%] correctly defined endocarditis. One-hundred and fifty-eight parents [77%] knew the name or condition of their child's cardiac problem, one-hundred [50%] of the families had knowledge of BEP, and only 46 parents [23%] knew that antibiotics are needed for prophylaxis at the time of dental procedures. It is concluded that while most parents know the name of their child's heart lesion and current medications, their knowledge of endocarditis and BEP is limited, and for prevention of such a major complication for pediatric patients with heart diseases, intensified education and awareness programs are needed

Kawasaki syndrome: the Iranian experience

Experience with 50 cases of Kawasaki syndrome in the Islamic Republic of Iran is presented. The syndrome occurred mostly in winter and spring with a 2.1:1 male: female ratio. In 72% of cases, the disease occurred between 1 and 5 years of age, and 80% had an antecedent viral or bacterial illness. Eight patients [16%] had microbiological evidence of infection and 19 [38%] had clinical evidence. Five patients had clinical and radiological evidence of sinusitis. Leukocytosis, neutrophilia, bandaemia, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, positive C-reactive protein, reversed albumin/globulin ratio and increased antistreptolysin O titre were other indications of infection and inflammation. Male gender, prolonged fever, white blood cell count > 15,000/mm3 and absolute granulocyte count > 10,000/mm3 were significant risk factors for the development of coronary artery disease [10 patients]

Spectrum of paediatric diseases in south Islamic Republic of Iran

The results of an inpatient and outpatient review of paediatric diseases in the south of the Islamic Republic of Iran are presented. Male patients outnumbered females for both outpatients and inpatients [1.3:1 and 1.4:1 respectively]. More sick infants than preschoolers or school-aged children visited the paediatrician's office, especially in spring and summer. Infectious diseases outnumbered noninfectious diseases, particularly in autumn and winter and consisted mostly of viral illnesses. Respiratory illnesses comprised more than half of all outpatient childhood diseases. About 45% of children admitted to hospital were infants. Half of the children admitted had failure to thrive and 3.5% were severely malnourished. Infectious diseases were the most prevalent paediatric disease in hospital, followed by neoplastic and blood diseases respectively

type, frequency and antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of bacteria in Nemazee Hospital

The type, frequency and antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of bacteria from 12 different body fluids and excreta were studied during the spring months of 1981, 1985 and 1987. This study revealed that the comparative prevalence of the different pathogens was changing, i.e. E.coli has replaced Salmonella B and Shigella as the most prevalent stool isolate, and the prevalence of Enterobacter in CSF isolates has increased 30 fold, and Acineto-bacter up to 10 fold in blood, CSF and pus samples in the 7 years. Gram negative bacteria, E.coli and Klebsiella, remain the most common cause of important infections, and S. aureus is the leading positive isolate. Antimicrobial resistance continues to increase