Secular trend is not only acused for the increased incidence of pet, but also for its severity

To determine the role of secular trend in preeclampsia. Both at puberty and in the 3rd trimester of 65 singleton-primigravid preeclapmtics [Group I] and 867 comparable healthy, pregnants [Group II], body mass index [BMI], serum testosterones [total and free], dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, estradiol and sex hormone-binding globulin levels were measured. Also, the ages at menarche, umbilical S/D ratio, fetal sex and small muscular arteries/high power field [SMA/HPF] were detected. In group I menarche occurred earlier [p<0.001] with higher BMI [p<0.001]. Also, testosterones were significantly higher [p<0.001 for both] both at puberty and during pregnancy, irrespective of fetal sex. Also, S/D ratio was higher with smaller SMA/HPF [p<0.001 for both]. Also, BMI at puberty and testosterone levels; on one hand showed strong +ve correlation to diastolic blood pressure and S/D ratio and strong -ve correlation to SMA/HPF on the other hand. Preeclamptic primigravid showed earlier puberty, significant increase in BMI with significantly higher levels of testosterones than comparable normotensive women, which were associated with more severe disease. This may indicate a significant role for androgens both in the pathogenesis and the severity of PET

Long-term follow up of superficial bladder tumors

Objective: To study the recurrence rate of superficial bladder tumors at Cairo university hospitals

Patients and Methods: Sixty-six patients with superficial transitional cell carcinoma who were treated by either Nd: YAG laser therapy [16 patients] or transurethral resection [50 patients] were followed for a mean of 5.5 years

Results: Local tumor recurrence at the same site of the original tumor occurred in 39% of patients while remote recurrence occurred in 33% of patients. The total recurrence rate was 59%. Tumor progression to invasive carcinoma occurred in 7 patients [11%], and 3 patients [4.5%] died of disease-related causes

Conclusion: The treatment of superficial TCC may be done by relatively minor endoscopic procedures, but the disease itself is a serious condition that merits close long-term follow-up

Glutathione peroxidase and selenium status: relation to outcome in neonatal sepsis with jaundice

To detect changes in serum levels of glutathione peroxidase [GPx] selenium [Se] and their relation to outcome of jaundiced septic neonates, the following study was conducted on thirty neonates. They were subdivided into group 1 [12 fullterms=FT] and group II [18 preterms-PT]. Twenty two age and sex matched apparently healthy neonates served as the control group. Results revealed that the difference between GPx and Se in FT jaundiced septic neonates [group I] versus FT controls was statistically nonsignificant [p >0 05] while the difference between them as regards total serum bilirubin was statistically highly significant [p< 0.001] Statistical comparison between results of GPx, Se and total serum bilirubin levels in PT jaundiced septic neonates [group II] compared to PT controls revealed a highly significant decrease of GPx and Se and increase in serum bilirubin [P < 0 001 respectively]. Of the studied group of septic preterms, six neontes died while no mortalities were reported in the studied group of septic fullterms during the period of the study GPx and Se were statistically significantly lower in group II [= PT] than in group I [=FT]. In conclusion, statistically significant GPx and Se decrease in PT jaundiced septic neonates [group II] can be used as predictors of outcome as regards mortality

Effects of epidural anesthesia on the Doppler velocimetry of umbilical and middle cerebral arteries and feto-maternal outcome in normal term labor

This study aimed to investigate benefits and possible short-term side effects of epidural anesthesia used for pain relief in labor. It was conducted on 100 primigravida women in labor randomly assigned into two groups: Group I included 50 patients receiving continuous epidural anesthesia [CEA] of 10 ml of 0.125% bupivacaine and 15 ug fentanyl/hour and Group II included 50 patients who did not receive epidural anesthesia or analgesia. It was found that CEA resulted in a significant reduction in maternal systolic and diastolic blood pressure and an increase in heart rate. The umbilical and middle cerebral artery indices did not significantly change. Also, CEA resulted in a significant shortening of duration of the first stage of labor, while incidence of instrumental delivery was significantly higher and no significant difference was found as regard cesarean section rates