RESUMO
Background: Infections by parasites, bacteria, viruses such as human parvovirus B19 amongst others, have been widely reported as contributing to high prevalence of anaemia in many populations. This study was conducted to determine the co-infection of Plasmodium falciparum and human parvovirus B19 among sickle cell disease (SCD) patients in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. Methodology: A total of 400 participants consisting 300 SCD patients (134 males, 166 females) and 100 (38 males, 62 females) apparently healthy subjects with haemoglobin AA (which served as control) who were contacted in homes, schools and offices, were enrolled for the study. The age of the participants ranged from 1 to 54 years. Venous blood was collected for detection of P. falciparum using Giemsa stain while parvovirus B19 was detected with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Full blood count was estimated using Sysmex KX-21N haematology auto-analyzer. Results: An overall prevalence of parvovirus B19 and P. falciparum co-infection observed among SCD patients in this study was 3.0% while single infection was 14.0% for P. falciparum and 26.7% for parvovirus B19. Religion was associated with 0 to 22 fold increased risk of acquiring co-infection of P. falciparum and parvovirus B19. Gender was significantly associated with P. falciparum infection (p=0.0291) while tribal extraction, platelet index and seasonal variation were significantly associated with single parvovirus B19 or co-infection of P. falciparum and parvovirus B19 (p<0.05). Conclusion: The provision of strict regulatory policy concerning the screening of whole blood or pooled plasma before the use of blood products and transfusion of SCD patients is advocated
Assuntos
Anemia Falciforme , Coinfecção , Nigéria , Pacientes , Plasmodium falciparumRESUMO
Conflicting reports exist on the effect of HIV types on disease progression and relation to opportunistic infections. This study aims to determine the effect of HIV types on the prevalence and aetiologic agents of urinary tract infection (UTI). A total of 485 subjects consisting of 335 HIV patients and 150 non-HIV subjects without symptoms of UTI were recruited for this study. The HIV patients comprised of 251 on HAART and 84 HAART-naive patients. Blood and urine specimens were collected from all subjects. The blood specimens were used to determine HIV type and CD4 count while significant microbial isolates were recovered from the urine specimens and identified using standard techniques. Only HIV patients on HAART had significantly higher prevalence of asymptomatic UTI compared with non-HIV subjects (p=0.0234). However, comparing the prevalence of asymptomatic UTI of the various HIV types with that of non-HIV subjects, the results showed only HIV-1 to be significantly associated with asymptomatic UTI (p<0.05). CD4 count <200 cells/?L was not associated with UTI. Generally, Staphylococcus aureus was the most common aetiologic agent of UTI. Among HIV patients (both HAART-naive and those on HAART) with HIV-1, Staphylococcus aureus was the most common cause of UTI, while among those with HIV-1/2 dual infection, Escherichia coli predominated. HIV types have an effect on the prevalence and aetiologic agents of asymptomatic UTI
Assuntos
Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS , Coinfecção , Infecções por HIV , Nigéria , Infecções UrináriasRESUMO
Aim: To investigate the seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) among voluntary blood donors in University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH), Nigeria with the purpose of determining whether routine CMV screening for donors is justified or not. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Haematology and Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH), Benin city, Nigeria, between May and September, 2010. Methodology: Sera from randomly selected one hundred and ninety-two (192) voluntary blood donors, consisting of 176 males and 16 females that visited the hospital from May to September 2010 were evaluated for CMV-IgG and IgM antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based kit. Results: Seroprevalence for CMV-IgG and IgM were 95.8% and 3.1% respectively. All female donors (n=16) were positive for IgG. A total of 114 out of 192 (59.4%) donors were within the age bracket of 30-39 years. A prevalence of 100% for CMV IgG antibody was observed in age group ≥50 years, Conclusion: Routine screening of donors for CMV-IgG antibody would amount to waste of resources given the high prevalence of 95.8%. Periodic screening to identify the small percentage of seronegative blood donors (4.2%) who are needed for the ever increasing number of immunosuppressed recipients is recommended.
RESUMO
Given the lack of information concerning the role of Chlamydia trachomatis in male infertility; it has become imperative to analyse the quality of semen of male with seroevidence of antibody to Chlamydia trachomatis infection. A total of 156 male patients attending the Human Reproduction Research Programme/ Invitro Fertililzation Centre of University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH) Benin City; Edo state were enrolled into this study. Standard semen analysis and serological investigation of Chlamydia trachomatis were done for each male patient according to the laboratory diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases of WHO (1999). Chlamydia trachomatis antibody was found to be Seropositive in 37(24) male patients. Standard semen analysis showed abnormality in the various semen parameters of the seropositive male patients. The Seminal fluid analysis of the Seropositive male patients had total average mean sperm morphology of 11.0(normal); total sperm count (10.0x106) ml; motility (11.0) vitality (17.0) (live) and leucocyte count 1.5x106 ml lower than the averagevitality 63; total sperm count (30.5x106ml); motility (61.0) and leucocyte count (0.5x106ml) of the 28 age-matched male subject used as control (P0.05). This study indicates that Chlamydia trachomatis may be an independent risk factor affecting semen quality of male and consequently infertility