Use of mini-ureteroscope in cases of obstructive anuria

Obstructive anuria represents one of the urologic emergencies. In this study, the role of ureteroscopy in the management of this situation. The study included 27 patients with obstructive anuria presented to the Urology Department during the last 3 years. The diagnosis was confirmed both clinically and radiologically in all patients. Ureteroscopy was attempted in all patients, using a 7 F ureteroscope. The patients ranged from 21-67 years. Twenty-one male patients and six female patients. The timing of consultation ranged from 1-8 days. Serum creatinine ranged from 2-10 mg/dl. Three patients had impaired liver function, three were morbidly obese [140 kg] and two patients were cardiac with marked orthopnea. The cause of obstruction was distal ureteral stones in 18 patients, mid ureteral stones in 2 patients, proximal ureteral stones in 3 patients and stricture/edema with no stones in 4 patients. Stone size ranged from 7-10 mm. A successful stone removal and stent placement was achieved in 21 patients. In the remaining two patients [three renal units] with stones, stent placement was achieved in two patients and PCN in one patient. In the four patients with stricture, balloon dilation and stent placement were achieved. Percutaneous nephrostomy tube placement was done in two patients with bilateral obstruction and one patient with unilateral obstruction. The study concluded that ureteroscopy is considered safe and effective definitive treatment in patients with obstructive anuria

Technique for detection of T-antigen, an early marker of prostatic carcinoma

The tumor marker, D-galactose-B[l-3]-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine [GaI-GalNAc, also known as T-antigen] can be identified by a very simple galactose oxidase-Schiff's GOS] reaction either on tissues from patients with adenocarcinoma neoplasms. Gal-GalNAc is expressed in the neoplastic mucosa as well as the remote non-neoplastic mucosa. It is, however, not expressed in mucosa of normal subjects. We have tested the usefulness of the tumor marker D-galactose-beta-[l-->3]-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine in differentiating the benign from the malignant and premalignant lesions of the prostate. A sequential galactose oxidase technique, followed by Schiff's reaction, was done on deparaffinized tissue sections of 35 carcinomas, 25 hyperplasias, 20 foci of adenosis, and 10 normal specimens. While none of the 35 benign prostates and 11 foci of adenosis expressed D-galactose-beta-[l-->3]-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine [100 percent specificity], 62 [95.4 percent sensitivity] of 65 adenocarcinomas variably expressed the marker. We therefore propose that this simple technique may have potential use in routine histopathological analysis of prostatic specimens. This marker may also serve as the basis of assays for early detection of prostatic malignancies